| 词条 | Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport |
| 释义 |
| name = Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport | nativename = Whitchurch Airport | image = Hengrove Park.jpg | caption = Part of the former runway can be seen in what is now Hengrove Park | image2 = | type = Closed | owner = Bristol Corporation | operator = Bristol Airport Committee | city-served = Bristol West of England Gloucestershire Somerset | location = Whitchurch, Bristol | built = {{Start date|1930}} | used = 1930 - {{End date|1957}} | elevation-f = 200 | elevation-m = 61 | coordinates = {{coord|51|24|46|N|002|35|11|W|type:airport_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = United Kingdom Bristol | pushpin_label = Whitchurch | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bristol | website = | metric-rwy = Y | r1-number = | r1-length-f = 3,048 | r1-length-m = 929 | r1-surface = Originally grass, asphalt from 1941 | stat-year = 1936 | stat1-header = Movements | stat1-data = 4,810 | stat2-header = Passengers | stat2-data = 6,003 | stat3-header = Freight | stat3-data = 2,520 lb | footnotes =[1] }} Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport, also known as Whitchurch Airport, was a municipal airport in Bristol, England, three miles (5 km) south of the city centre, from 1930 to 1957. It was the main airport for Bristol and the surrounding area. During World War II, it was one of the few civil airports in Europe that remained operational, enabling air connections to Lisbon and Shannon and onwards to the United States. The airport closed in 1957, with services transferred to the former RAF Lulsgate Bottom. The former airfield is now occupied by a sports centre, trading estates and retail parks. The South Bristol Community Hospital opened on the site in 2012. Early historyIn 1929 the Corporation of the City of Bristol bought {{convert|298|acre|km2}} of farmland to the south of the city, near Whitchurch, for a new municipal airport.[2] On 31 May 1930, the airport was officially opened by HRH Prince George, Duke of Kent. In its first year of operation, the airport handled 915 passengers, and by 1939 it handled 4,000 passengers.[2] The Bristol and Wessex Aeroplane Club relocated from Filton Airfield,[3] and together with Bristol Corporation, managed the facilities.[4] The first buildings were a hangar, a club house for the flying club, and an aircraft showroom.[5] Early services offered by "air ferry" were to Cardiff, Torquay and Teignmouth. By 1932, two air taxi firms were based at the airport.[6] By 1934, Bristol Air Taxis had become Western Airways, and it was soon joined by Railway Air Services, a subsidiary of Imperial Airways, offering connections to Plymouth, Birmingham, London, Southampton and Liverpool.[7] On 18 October 1938, the Straight Corporation, headed by Whitney Straight purchased control of Norman Edgar (Western Airways), Ltd. and renamed it Western Airways, Ltd.[8] In July 1935, a new terminal building was opened, and regular international services started with flights on the Cardiff-Whitchurch-Le Touquet-Paris Le Bourget route.[9] In 1937, Irish Sea Airways (precursor of Aer Lingus), and Great Western and Southern Airlines commenced operations from Whitchurch.[10] In July 1938, the British Government formed a Civil Air Guard to train pilots for what was widely seen as the forthcoming war.[11] The Bristol and Wessex Aeroplane Club was one of the training organisations enlisted in this effort,[3] and in addition No. 33 Elementary and Reserve Flying Training School was established at Whitchurch to prepare RAFVR pilots.[12] In August 1938, Frank Barnwell, the chief designer of the Bristol Aeroplane Company, died when an ultra light monoplane he had designed and built himself, the Barnwell B.S.W., struck a bump when taking off and stalled, crashing onto a nearby road.[13] World War IIIn late August 1939, the airport was requisitioned by the Air Ministry, and was declared a Restricted Area. Starting on 1 September 1939, 59 aircraft belonging to Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd were evacuated from Croydon Airport and Heston Aerodrome to Whitchurch. The two airlines, that were in the process of merging to form British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), became the nucleus of National Air Communications (NAC), formed to undertake wartime air transport work.[14] Airport security was increased, with barbed wire fencing and Air Ministry police posts. During the next two years, an east-west tarmac runway and taxiways were constructed.[15] In late 1939, civilian flights resumed.[16] From September 1940, six aircraft of the Dutch airline KLM, which had escaped to Britain after the German invasion of the Netherlands, were also based at Whitchurch. These aircraft with their Dutch crews operated flights to Lisbon in neutral Portugal, under charter to BOAC.[17] The Air Transport Auxiliary established No. 2 Ferry Pilots Pool at Whitchurch during 1940. No. 2 FPP was mainly concerned with ferrying Blenheims, Beaufighters and Beauforts built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company at Filton; Hurricanes built by the Gloster Aircraft Company at Brockworth, Gloucestershire and Whirlwinds and Spitfires produced by Westland Aircraft at Yeovil in Somerset.[18] The unit was disbanded in 1945. During 1942–1943, civil services were developed to Shannon Airport and an extension of the Lisbon route to Gibraltar, with Lisbon and Shannon providing connections to the United States. Famous passengers who used these services included Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and Eleanor Roosevelt.[19] On 1 June 1943, BOAC Flight 777 was shot down en route to Whitchurch from Lisbon, with the loss of four Dutch crew and 13 passengers, including the actor Leslie Howard.[20] In November 1944, BOAC moved out to Hurn Airport, Bournemouth, because the runways there were capable of accommodating larger aircraft, and the success of the Invasion of Normandy had lessened the danger from the Luftwaffe.[21] Post warAfter the war, the airport came under the control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation. A number of flying clubs used the airport, but the airport did not attract many scheduled services, although from 1953 Morton Air Services operated flights to the Channel Islands, the Isle of Wight and the Isle of Man, whilst Cambrian Airways operated both domestic and international flights to France.[22] The airport had become too small for airline operations, with surrounding housing estates limiting runway extension, so a new site at the former RAF Lulsgate Bottom was opened in May 1957 as Bristol Airport.[23] In 1957, Flying ceased at Whitchurch, and in 1959 the airfield was re-opened as Whitchurch Circuit, a car racing circuit holding Formula Two and Formula Three races. Over the years, the area has been developed as housing and trading estates known as Hengrove Park, although part of the main runway still exists.[24] In 1993 a Cessna aircraft made an emergency landing there short of fuel.[25] In 2009, it was announced that part of the former airfield was to be developed as South Bristol Community Hospital, a Skills Academy and Leisure Centre.[26] Notes1. ^Wakefield, 60, 143 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Environment-Planning/Parks-and-open-spaces/parks/hengrove-park.en?page=2#internalSection2|title=Bristol City Council: Parks and open spaces: Hengrove Park|publisher=www.bristol.gov.uk|accessdate=19 December 2010|last=|first=}} 3. ^1 {{cite book |title=Somerset airfields in the Second World War |last=Berryman |first=David |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2006 |publisher=Countryside Books |location=Newbury |isbn=1-85306-864-0 |pages=159–179 }} 4. ^Wakefield, 1-3 5. ^Wakefield, 11 6. ^Wakefield, 33 7. ^Wakefield, 49-51 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Straight.htm | title=Air Commodore W W Straight (90680) | publisher=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation | accessdate=23 January 2011}} 9. ^Wakefield, 55 10. ^Wakefield, 62-65 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/07/24/archives/britain-to-train-civil-air-guard-9000-persons-will-be-taught-to-fly.html|title=Britain to Train 'Civil Air Guard'; 9,000 Persons Will Be Taught to Fly at Low Cost Through Subsidies to Clubs|publisher=The New York Times|date=24 July 1938|accessdate=2009-05-28|last=Special Cable|first=}} 12. ^Wakefield, 74 13. ^Flight 11 August 1938 (Obituary Frank Barnwell) 14. ^Wakefield, 82-83 15. ^Wakefield, 85-90 16. ^Wakefield, 89 17. ^Wakefield, 91-93 18. ^Wakefield, 93-94 19. ^Wakefield, 120-124 20. ^Wakefield, 107–108 21. ^Wakefield, 131 22. ^Wakefield, 147-153 23. ^Wakefield, 153-154 24. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DY9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA110&dq=whitchurch+airport&ei=fJapSbcPi-4y98CQygg#PPA110,M1|title=Industrial history from the air. |publisher=Google Book Search|accessdate=2009-05-29|last=Hudson|first=Kenneth}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://freespace.virgin.net/gary.morris69/whitchurch.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-10-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015223502/http://freespace.virgin.net/gary.morris69/whitchurch.html |archivedate=15 October 2012 |df=dmy }} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hengrovepark.com/|title=Hengrove Park Phase 1|publisher=www.hengrovepark.com|accessdate=2009-05-29|last=|first=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310031144/http://www.hengrovepark.com/|archivedate=10 March 2009|df=dmy-all}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport}}
5 : Defunct airports in England|Airports established in 1930|1930 establishments in England|Transport in Bristol|Airports in South West England |
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