| 词条 | British Aerospace Jetstream | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The British Aerospace Jetstream is a small twin-turboprop airliner, with a pressurised fuselage, developed as the Jetstream 31 from the earlier Handley Page Jetstream. DevelopmentScottish Aviation had taken over production of the original Jetstream design from Handley Page and when it was nationalised along with other British companies into British Aerospace (now BAE Systems) in 1978, BAe decided the design was worth further development, and started work on a "Mark 3" Jetstream. As with the earlier 3M version for the USAF, the new version was re-engined with newer Garrett turboprops (now Honeywell TPE331) which offered more power (flat rated to 1,020 shp/760 kW with a thermodynamic limit of 1,100 shp/820 kW) and longer overhaul intervals over the original Turbomeca Astazou engines. This allowed the aircraft to be offered in an 18-seat option (six rows, 2+1), with an offset aisle, and with a water methanol option for the engine to allow the ability to operate at maximum load from a greater range of airfields, particularly in the continental United States and Australia. The result was the Jetstream 31, which first flew on 28 March 1980,[1] being certificated in the UK on 29 June 1982. The new version proved to be as popular as Handley Page hoped the original model would be, and several hundred 31s were built during the 1980s. In 1985, a further engine upgrade was planned, which flew in 1988 as the Jetstream Super 31, also known as the Jetstream 32. Production continued until 1993, by which time 386 31/32s had been produced. Four Jetstream 31s were ordered for the Royal Navy in 1985 as radar observer trainers, the Jetstream T.3, but were later used for VIP transport. In 1993, British Aerospace adopted the Jetstream name as its brand name for all twin turboprop aircraft. As well as the Jetstream 31 and Jetstream 32, it also built the related Jetstream 41 and the unrelated, but co-branded BAe ATP/Jetstream 61. The Jetstream 61 never entered service, and retained its "ATP" marketing name. In July 2008, a BAE Systems team that included Cranfield Aerospace and the National Flight Laboratory Centre at Cranfield University achieved a major breakthrough in unmanned air systems technology. The team flew a series of missions, totalling {{convert|800|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}, in a specially modified Jetstream 31 (G-BWWW) without any human intervention, This was the first time such an undertaking had been achieved.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} Variants
Operators{{main|List of British Aerospace Jetstream operators}}In July 2018, 91 Jetstream 31s were in airline service : 62 in Americas, 16 in Europe, 8 in Asia Pacific and 5 in Africa ; its airline operators with five or more aircraft were :[1]
Accidents and incidents
Specifications (Jetstream 31){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref= Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1988–1989[12] |crew=2 |capacity= 19 passengers |length alt= 14.37 m |length main= 47 ft 1¾ in |span alt= 15.85 m |span main= 52 ft 0 in |height alt= 5.32 m |height main= 17 ft 5½ in |area alt= 25.2 m² |area main= 271 ft² |airfoil= NACA 63A418 at root, NACA 63A412 at tip |empty weight alt= 4,360 kg |empty weight main= 9,613 lb |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight alt= 6,950 kg |max takeoff weight main= 15,332 lb |more general= |engine (prop)= Garrett TPE331-10UG |type of prop= turboprop |number of props=2 |power alt= 701 kW |power main= 940 shp |power original= |max speed alt= 303 mph, 488 km/h |max speed main= 263 kn |cruise speed alt= 264 mph, 426 km/h |cruise speed main= 230 kn |stall speed alt= 99 mph, 159 km/h |stall speed main= 86 kn |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range alt= 783 mi, 1,260 km |range main= 680 nmi |ceiling alt= 7,620 m |ceiling main= 25,000 ft |climb rate alt= 10.6 m/s |climb rate main= 2,080 ft/min |loading alt= 276 kg/m² |loading main= 56.6 lb/ft² |thrust/weight= |power/mass alt= 0.201 kW/kg |power/mass main= 0.123 hp/lb |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} See also{{Portal|United Kingdom|Aviation}}{{aircontent||related=
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|see also= }} References{{commons category|Jetstream 31}}
1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/24536|title=World Airline Census 2018|last=|first=|date=|website=Flightglobal.com|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-27}} 2. ^{{ASN accident|19891226-0}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=TYS|title=Knoxville-McGhee Tyson Airport, TN profile |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=Flight Safety Foundation}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR94-05.pdf |title=National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-94/05|work=NTSB |date=May 24, 1994 |accessdate=July 5, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941213-0 |title=Accident description: British Aerospace 3201 Jetstream 32 N918AE |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=Flight Safety Foundation |access-date=1 January 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20000521-0 |title=Accident description: British Aerospace 3102 Jetstream 31 N16EJ |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=Flight Safety Foundation |access-date=1 January 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20041118-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace 3101 Jetstream 31 YV-1083C Caracas-Simon Bolivar Airport (CCS) |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=Flight Safety Foundation}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=44c26035&opt=0 |title=Accident: Linksair JS31 at Isle of Man on Mar 8th 2012, runway excursion, gear collapse |first=Simon |last=Hradecky |publisher=The Aviation Herald |date=8 March 2012 |accessdate=9 March 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-17309739 |title=Passenger plane crash-lands at Ronaldsway Airport |publisher=BBC News Online |accessdate=9 March 2012}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-28814373 |title=Doncaster's Robin Hood Airport closed after aircraft landing incident |work=BBC News |date=August 16, 2014|accessdate=July 5, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/SeincendiaavinquedespegdesdeSanJuan-1872202.html|title=Se incendia avión que despegó desde San Juan |language=Spanish |trans-title=Fire on aircraft from San Juan |date=13 October 2014 |website=Elnuevodia.com |publisher=El Nuevo Día Educador}} 12. ^1 {{cite book| last = Taylor | first = JWR (Editor)| title = Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1988–1989 | year = 1988 | publisher=Jane's Information Group | isbn =978-0-7106-0867-3 }}
6 : British airliners 1980–1989|British Aerospace aircraft|Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft|Cruciform tail aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1980|Low-wing aircraft |
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