“BRP Andrés Bonifacio (PF-7)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

BRP Andrés Bonifacio (PF-7)^[3] was a Philippine Navy frigate in commission from 1976 to 1985. She was one of six ex-United States Navy Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders/ex-United States Coast Guard Casco-class high endurance cutters received from the United States after the Vietnam War, two of which were acquired to supply spare parts for the other four. Andrés Bonifacio was considered the lead ship of her class in the Philippine Navy, and she and her three commissioned sister ships were the largest Philippine Navy combat ships of their time.

In July 2016, a newer frigate received by the Philippine navy from the US navy was also named BRP Andres Bonifacio (FF-17).^[4]

History

Construction and United States Navy service 1943–1946

Andrés Bonifacio was built in the United States by Lake Washington Shipyard at Houghton, Washington, as the United States Navy Barnegat-class seaplane tender {{USS|Chincoteague|AVP-24}}. Commissioned in April 1943, she operated in support of the New Guinea campaign and in the Central Pacific during World War II and operated at Okinawa and in China after the war. She was decommissioned in December 1946 and placed in reserve.

United States Coast Guard service 1949–1972

In 1949 the U.S. Navy loaned Chincoteague to the United States Coast Guard, in which she was commissioned as the Casco-class Coast Guard cutter USCGC Chincoteague (WAVP-375). She was reclassified as a high endurance cutter, redesignated WHEC-375, and transferred permanently from the Navy to the Coast Guard in 1966. Her primary duty was to patrol ocean stations in the North Atlantic Ocean, providing weather data and engaging in search-and-rescue and law-enforcement operations. The Coast Guard decommissioned her in June 1972.

Republic of Vietnam Navy service 1972–1975

Due to the Vietnamization Program of the United States Government, Chincoteague was transferred to South Vietnam in June 1972 and was commissioned into the Republic of Vietnam Navy as patrol vessel {{ship|RVNS|Lý Thường Kiệt|HQ-16}}. She participated in the Battle of the Paracel Islands against ships of the People's Republic of China on 19 January 1974.

When South Vietnam collapsed at the end of the Vietnam War in late April 1975, Lý Thường Kiệt fled to Subic Bay in the Philippines, packed with South Vietnamese refugees. On 22 May 1975 and 23 May 1975, a U.S. Coast Guard team inspected Lý Thường Kiệt and five of her sister ships, which also had fled to the Philippines in April 1975. One of the inspectors noted: "These vessels brought in several hundred refugees and are generally rat-infested. They are in a filthy, deplorable condition. Below decks generally would compare with a garbage scow."^[5]

After Lý Thường Kiệt had been cleaned and repaired, the United States formally transferred her to the Republic of the Philippines on 5 April 1976.

Philippine Navy service

Active service 1976–1993

The former Lý Thường Kiệt was commissioned into the Philippine Navy as frigate RPS Andrés Bonifacio (PF-7). On June 1980^[6] her prefix was changed from "RPS" to "BRP", and was renamed BRP Andrés Bonifacio (PF-7). She was reportedly decommissioned in June 1985,^[7] although she was still listed as "active" as of July 1993.^[8]

The Philippine Navy made plans to reactivate Andrés Bonifacio as an auxiliary fleet flagship in 1995,^[10]^[11] but this never took place due to a lack of funds.

Disposal

Andrés Bonifacio eventually sank at her berthing area in Fort San Felipe, part of the Sangley Point Naval Base at Cavite City on Luzon. She was refloated and ultimately sold for scrapping in 2003. Her hulk's sale helped the Philippine Navy to finance an upgrade program for its three {{sclass-|Jacinto|corvette}}s.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Technical details

There were changes made to the Andrés Bonifacio class as compared to their original design during its service with the US Navy, US Coast Guard and the Republic of Vietnam Navy. The ships were passed to the Philippine Navy with fewer weapons on-board and old surface search radars, and these were addressed later on by the Philippine Navy through modernization programs, including the addition of a helicopter landing pad in 1979.

The single Mk. 12 5-inch/38-caliber (127 mm) gun was Andrés Bonifacio{{'}}s primary weapon. It was mounted in a Mark 30 Mod 0 enclosed base ring and had a range of up to {{convert|18200|yd|m}} yards. The gun was a dual-purpose type, capable of both antisurface and antiair warfare. She also carried a two twin Mk. 1 Bofors 40mm L/60 anti-aircraft guns and two single Bofors 40mm L/60 anti-aircraft guns, four twin 20mm Oerlikon cannons, four M2 Browning .50-caliber (12.7-mm) general-purpose machine guns, and two 81mm mortars.^[12]

Radar system installed include the Sperry AN/SPS-53 Surface Search & Navigation Radar replacing the previously installed AN/SPS-23, while retaining both the AN/SPS-29D Air Search Radar and Mk.26 Mod.1 Fire Control Radar System.^[2]

Hatch and Kirk, Inc, added a helicopter deck aft in 1979.^[13] Although the ship had no permanently assigned aircraft and could provide no servicing for visiting helicopters, the helicopter deck could accommodate a visiting MBB Bo 105C helicopter, used by the Philippine Navy for utility, scout, and maritime patrol purposes.

The ship was powered by two Fairbanks-Morse 38D diesel engines with a combined power of around 6,200 brake horsepower (4.63 megawatts) driving two propellers. The main engines could propel the 1,766-ton displacement (standard load) ship at a maximum speed of around {{convert|18|kn|km/h|0}}. The ship had a maximum range of {{convert|8000|nmi|km|-1}} at an economical speed of {{convert|15.6|kn|km/h|0}}.^[12]

The Philippine Navy made plans to upgrade the entire ship class with new radar systems and the BGM-84 Harpoon long-range anti-ship cruise missile, but this did not materialize due to the worsening political and economic crisis in the Republic of the Philippines in the mid-1980s.^[14]

References

1. ^{{Cite web |url=http://timawa.net/forum/index.php/topic,4306.0.html |title=What happened to the BRP Andres Bonifacio? |access-date=25 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723022258/http://timawa.net/forum/index.php/topic,4306.0.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
2. ^¹²³Jane's Fighting Ships 1982–1983
3. ^This article assumes that the authoritative Jane{{'}}s Fighting Ships 1980–1981, p. 370, is correct about the ship{{'}}s lineage (i.e., that she was the former {{USS|Chincoteague|AVP-24}}, {{USCGC Chincoteague (WAVP-375)|USCGC Chincoteague (WAVP-375/WHEC-375)}}, and {{ship|RVNS|Lý Thường Kiệt|HQ-16}}. However, extensive confusion exists on these points in print and on the Web. The Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images entry for Chincoteague (see http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-c/avp24.htm), the United States Coast Guard Historian{{'}}s Office (see http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Chincoteague1949.asp), and Conway{{'}}s All the World{{'}}s Fighting Ships 1947–1982 Part II: The Warsaw Pact and Non-Aligned Nations, p. 356, all agree with Jane{{'}}s that Andrés Bonifacio was the former Lý Thường Kiệt and Chincoteague. However, NavSource.org in its entry on Chincoteague (see http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/43/4324.htm) states in the ship{{'}}s history that Chincoteague instead became the South Vietnamese ship {{ship|RVNS|Trần Bình Trọng|HQ-05}} and that Trần Bình Trọng became Andrés Bonifacio, although in photo captions posted below that in the Chincoteague entry it also states that Chincoteague became both Lý Thường Kiệt (HQ-16) and Trần Bình Trọng (HQ-05), raising the possibility that either Trần Bình Trọng or Lý Thường Kiệt became Andrés Bonifacio. (Meanwhile, NavSource.org{{'}}s entry for {{USS|Castle Rock|AVP-35}} and USCGC Castle Rock (WAVP-383/WHEC-383) (see http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/43/4335.htm) states that Trần Bình Trọng (HQ-05) instead became the Philippine Navy frigate {{BRP|Francisco Dagohoy|PF-10}}). Adding to the confusion, the Inventory of VNN{{'}}s Battle Ships Part 1 (see Part 1 at http://www.vnafmamn.com/VNNavy_inventory.html) claims that Trần Bình Trọng became Andrés Bonifacio and in its Part 2 (see Part 2 at http://www.vnafmamn.com/VNNavy_inventory2.html) contradicts all the other sources by stating that Lý Thường Kiệt became yet another Philippine Navy ship, {{BRP|Diego Silang|PF-9}}. The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships in its entry for USS Bering Strait (AVP-34) (see http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/b5/bering-strait-i.htm) states that Diego Silang was the former Trần Bình Trọng.
4. ^{{cite news|title=Formal Turn-over of US Ship to Ph Navy|url=http://subicbaynews.net/?p=14408|accessdate=5 September 2016|publisher=Subic Bay News|date=July 27, 2016}}
5. ^This quote, from the U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office at http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/McCulloch_1946.pdf, is unattributed.
6. ^Philippine Navy Information Manual 1995 – Adoption of Pilipino Translation of "Bapor ng Republika ng Pilipinas"
7. ^NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive USS Chincoteague (AVP-24)
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Chincoteague1949.pdf |title=US Coast Guard History Program – Chincoteague, 1949 |publisher=US Coast Guard |year=1994 |accessdate=2011-10-31}}
9. ^The New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/02/world/leader-of-a-failed-coup-attempt-escapes-detention-in-philippines.html Leader of a Failed Coup Attempt Escapes Detention in Philippines].
10. ^Hazegray.org. World Aircraft Carriers List: US Seaplane Tenders: Small Tenders
11. ^NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive. LST-1064 Nansemond County and Philippine Naval Forces News Bulletin. Naval News Bulletin #1
12. ^¹DLSU N-ROTC Office. Naming and Code Designation of PN Vessels {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928112219/http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/offices/sps/rotc/pdf/ms2/namingPNships.pdf |date=28 September 2011 }}.
13. ^Philippine Naval Forces News Bulletin [https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/pentagon/barracks/7248/navy2.htm&date=2009-10-26+00:27:00 Naval News Bulletin # 1].
14. ^Harpoon Database Encyclopedia AVP-10 Barnegat class {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705232838/http://www.harpoondatabases.com/Encyclopedia/Entry1757.aspx |date=5 July 2008 }}