| 词条 | Buckingham Friends Meeting House |
| 释义 |
| nrhp_type =nhl | image = Buckingham Friends BucksCo PA from SE.jpg | caption = Southern (front) and eastern sides | location= 5684 Lower York Road (US Rte. 202), Buckingham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania | coordinates = {{coord|40|20|56|N|75|2|27|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Pennsylvania#USA | area = {{convert|39|acre|ha}} | built ={{start date|1768}} | architect= Matthias Hutchinson, Arthur Edwin Bye | architecture= Georgian | designated_nrhp_type= July 31, 2003[1] | added = March 28, 1997 (original) July 31, 2003 (addition)[2] | governing_body = Private | refnum=97000291 (original)[2] 03001034 (addition) | designated_other1_name = Pennsylvania state historical marker | designated_other1_abbr=PHMC | designated_other1_date = March 26, 1947[3] | designated_other1_link = List of Pennsylvania state historical markers | designated_other1_color = navy | designated_other1_textcolor=#ffc94b }} The Buckingham Friends Meeting House is a historic Quaker meeting house at 5684 Lower York Road (United States Route 202) in Buckingham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Built in 1768 in a "doubled" style, it is nationally significant as a model for many subsequent Friends Meeting Houses. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2003.[1][4] HistoryThe first meeting house on the site was built from logs in 1705–1708 by English Quakers, some of the earliest settlers in the area. The second meetinghouse was a wooden frame building. The third was a stone building built c. 1731. Remnants of some of these buildings, especially stone mounting blocks used to help mount horses, are scattered around the property. A stone schoolhouse was built to the east of the meetinghouse in 1798, and forms the nucleus of the current Buckingham Friends School.[5] The current building was completed in 1768 and was the first of the doubled type meeting houses that became the standard form of Quaker meeting house for the next 100 years.[8] Earlier meeting houses were generally single-cell structures, that were often divided by a partition into two unequally sized for separate men's and women's business meetings. Men and women met together for worship and were separated for business meetings. Buckingham's design is a two-cell symmetrical form with roughly equal-sized sections. After this change in design, men and women would sit on separate sides of the partition for both worship and business meetings, with the partition closed only during business meetings. About this time written Quaker discipline became more standardized, which may have encouraged the two-cell form as a uniform meeting house design. In particular, marrying a non-Quaker became grounds for disownment or being "read out of the meeting." Since marriage was in the purview of the women's business meeting, their business meeting acquired a higher status and needed increased space.[5] The use of the Buckingham Meeting House as a model began within a few years of its completion. In New Jersey at least five meeting houses were built in the doubled style by 1788, with several being designed by committees who travelled to see the Meeting House.[6] The Quaker ideal of simplicity was perhaps ignored by the Buckingham Meeting House's Georgian architectural design, which may reflect the affluence of the Buckingham Quakers.[7] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1804948002&ResourceType=Building|title=Buckingham Friends Meeting House|accessdate=2008-02-05|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606104400/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1804948002&ResourceType=Building#|archive-date=2011-06-06|dead-url=yes|df=}} 2. ^1 {{NRISref|2009a}} 3. ^{{cite web | title = PHMC Historical Markers | work =Historical Marker Database | publisher = Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission | url =http://search.pahistoricalmarkers.com/ | accessdate = December 19, 2013}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Historic Landmark Nomination: Buckingham Friends Meeting House / Buckingham Meeting of Friends, Buckingham Monthly Meeting|url={{NHLS url|id=97000291}} |format=pdf|date=August 2001 |author=Catherine C. Lavoie |publisher=National Park Service}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |last=Historic American Buildings Survey |authorlink=Historic American Buildings Survey |title=Silent Witness, Quaker Meetinghouses in the Delaware Valley, 1695 to the Present |publisher=Philadelphia Yearly Meeting |year=2002 |pages=52}} 6. ^{{cite thesis |last=Tvaryanas |first=Damon |type=Masters thesis |title=The New Jersey Quaker Meeting House: A Typology and Inventory |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |year=1993 |location=Philadelphia |url=https://archive.org/details/newjerseyquakerm00tvar |pages=73–74 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101010101/https://archive.org/details/newjerseyquakerm00tvar |archivedate=2012-01-01}} 7. ^1 Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Buckingham Friends Meeting House, retrieved 2012-01-01. External links
9 : Quaker meeting houses in Pennsylvania|National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania|Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania|Religious buildings completed in 1768|Churches in Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania state historical marker significations|Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania|18th-century Quaker meeting houses|National Register of Historic Places in Bucks County, Pennsylvania |
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