| 词条 | Hegang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Hegang}} |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|鹤岗市}}}}}} |official_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |motto = |image_skyline = HeGang.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Hegang in 2013 |image_map = Location of Hegang Prefecture within Heilongjiang (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Hegang City (yellow) in Heilongjiang (light grey) and China |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Heilongjiang |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Heilongjiang |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_mapsize = 240 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Heilongjiang |subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name2 = 8 |established_title = Settled |established_date = 1906 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_total_km2 = 14679.88 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_metro_km2 =4574.9 |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =1058665 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_metro =664471 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto | area_urban_km2 = 117 | area_urban_footnotes = (2018)[1] | population_urban = 690000 | population_urban_footnotes = (2018)[2] |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_blank2_title = Major nationalities |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coor_pinpoint = Hegang government |coordinates = {{coord|47.3501|N|130.2980|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-23_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 280 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 154100 - 154200 |area_code = 086 |blank_name = License plate prefixes |blank_info = {{lang|zh-cn|黑H}} |iso_code = CN-HL-04 |blank1_name = GDP (2007) |blank1_info = CNY 19.6 billion |blank2_name = - per capita |blank2_info = CNY 17,818 |blank3_name = Climate |blank3_info = Dwb |website = {{URL|www.hegang.gov.cn}} }}{{Infobox Chinese |pic=鶴崗.png |piccap="Hegang", as written in Chinese |picsize=150px |s=鹤岗 |t=鶴崗 |p=Hègǎng |rus=Хэган |mnc=ᡥᡝᡤᠠᠩ |mnc_rom=Heg'ang |order=st }}{{stack end}} Hegang ({{zh|s=鹤岗|p=Hègǎng}}, also known as Heli and Xingshan), is a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China, situated in the southeastern section of the Lesser Khingan Range, facing Jiamusi across the Songhua River to the south and Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast across the Amur River to the north. Hegang is one of the principal coal-producing cities in China. Hegang covers an administrative area of {{convert|14679.88|km²|abbr=on}} and according to the 2010 Census, has a population of 1,058,665 inhabitants.[4] Its built-up area is home to 664,471 inhabitants spread out over 5 urban districts including Dongshan being urbanized, even though still largely rural. HistoryEarly historyThe region of Hegang was a desolate and uninhabited area until the late 1890s. In 1906, the area of Hegang City was under the administration of Tangyuan County under the Qing Dynasty. Since then, the government has been encouraging people to farm in the region. In 1914, coalfield was discovered in Haoli, and Heilongjiang Government approved to set up Xinghua Mines ({{lang|zh-hant|興華煤礦}}) which is jointly invested by merchants including Shen Songnian ({{lang|zh|沈松年}}). The area was also renamed Xingshan ({{lang|zh-hant|興山}}) after the Xinghua Coal Mine. The Hegang mines were founded in 1916 by a Chinese entrepreneur with Russian capital. Hegang has witnessed rapid economic growth thanks to its rich coal resources. In 1926 a railway was built between Hegang and Jiamusi, some 30 miles to the south on the Songhua River. A coal carrier fleet was privately financed in 1930 by General Zhang Xueliang. On August 1932, Hegang mines were occupied by the Japanese as the Japanese Empire advanced through Manchuria. The mines were further developed during the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. On August 11, 1945, Hegang was occupied by the Soviet Red Army, and was relegated to the Communist Force. Since several major coal mines in southern Manchuria were controlled by Kuomintang Forces, Hegang became one of the main coal-producing area of Communist Force in the Chinese Civil-War, playing an important role in guaranteeing the acquisition of weapons and other war materials. Hegang was renamed in 1949, and set up as a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang.[5] People's RepublicAfter 1949 the city experienced further rapid growth. The mines were extended and modernized, and their annual output increased dramatically. Most of the coal is high-quality coking coal that is also used to make coal gas; apart from a small quantity consumed in Jiamusi, the bulk of it is shipped by rail to Anyang, Henan and to other industrial cities such as Anshan and Benxi in Liaoning. By the late 1950s the coal industry employed more than 80 percent of the working population. Although the mines continued to be developed and output increased, Hegang's industrial activity was beginning to diversify, especially after a large thermal-power-generating installation was constructed by the early 1970s.[6] GeographyHegang is located in the northeast part of Heilongjiang province, spanning from latitude 47° 04′−48° 9′ N to longitude 129° 40′−132° 31' E. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:
The region also faces Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast across the Amur River with an international border of {{convert|235|km}}. Lesser Khingan Mountains crosses the city. The total administrative area of Hegang is {{convert|14,648|km2}}. Amur river and Songhua river are the main rivers in Hegang. ClimateHegang has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb/Dwa),[7] with long, bitterly cold, but dry winters, and humid and warm summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−17.2|°C|0}} in January to {{convert|21.7|°C|1}} in July, and the annual mean is {{convert|3.43|°C|1}}. Close to 2/3 of the annual precipitation falls in the months of June thru August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −34.5 to 37.7 °C. {{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y |single line=y |location = Hegang (1971−2000) |Jan record high C=1.5 |Feb record high C=7.3 |Mar record high C=19.0 |Apr record high C=27.5 |May record high C=33.5 |Jun record high C=36.2 |Jul record high C=37.7 |Aug record high C=34.9 |Sep record high C=31.0 |Oct record high C=25.8 |Nov record high C=13.1 |Dec record high C=4.8 |Jan high C = −12.7 |Feb high C = −7.7 |Mar high C = 0.5 |Apr high C = 11.1 |May high C = 18.9 |Jun high C = 23.6 |Jul high C = 26.5 |Aug high C = 24.7 |Sep high C = 18.9 |Oct high C = 9.9 |Nov high C = −2.1 |Dec high C = −10.9 |Jan mean C = -17.2 |Feb mean C = -12.7 |Mar mean C = -4.5 |Apr mean C = 5.6 |May mean C = 13.0 |Jun mean C = 18.5 |Jul mean C = 21.7 |Aug mean C = 19.9 |Sep mean C = 13.7 |Oct mean C = 4.8 |Nov mean C = -6.6 |Dec mean C = -15.0 |year mean C = 3.4 |Jan low C = −20.8 |Feb low C = −16.9 |Mar low C = −9.4 |Apr low C = 0.4 |May low C = 7.4 |Jun low C = 13.7 |Jul low C = 17.4 |Aug low C = 15.7 |Sep low C = 8.9 |Oct low C = 0.3 |Nov low C = −10.4 |Dec low C = −18.3 |Jan record low C = -34.5 |Feb record low C = -28.6 |Mar record low C = -24.1 |Apr record low C = -11.0 |May record low C = -3.5 |Jun record low C = 6.0 |Jul record low C = 10.4 |Aug record low C = 7.1 |Sep record low C = -2.4 |Oct record low C = -14.7 |Nov record low C = -25.1 |Dec record low C = -30.7 |year high C= 8.4 |year low C= −1.0 |year high F = 47.1 |year low F = 30.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 3.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 4.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 9.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 21.9 |May precipitation mm = 55.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 113.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 133.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 148.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 75.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 31.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 8.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 6.6 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 4.7 |Feb precipitation days = 4.1 |Mar precipitation days = 5.6 |Apr precipitation days = 7.3 |May precipitation days = 11.9 |Jun precipitation days = 14.1 |Jul precipitation days = 14.5 |Aug precipitation days = 14.7 |Sep precipitation days = 11.7 |Oct precipitation days = 7.8 |Nov precipitation days = 5.4 |Dec precipitation days = 5.8 |source 1 = Weather China|date=May 2011 }} SubdivisionsThe prefecture-level city of Hegang is divided into 6 districts and 2 counties. The information presented here uses the metric system and data from the 2010 Census.
EconomyIn 2010, Hegang's GDP grew 16.1% to RMB 25.1 billion, ranking tenth among 13 prefectures and prefecture-level cities in the province.[8] Agriculture and animal husbandry are considered two pillars of the city's primary industry. Heavy industry dominates the city's industrial sector. Other major industries in the city include agricultural products processing, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, dairy and related products,forestry industries, and the production and supply of electricity.[9] TransportThe Yichun-Hegang Highway, the Jiamusi-Hegang Highway and the Hegang-Luobei Highway form a comprehensive highway network within the city. It takes less than four hours to drive from Hegang to Harbin, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang Province. Luobei Port, which is within a one-hour drive from Hegang, is a major port on the Amur River. Jiamusi Airport, a one-hour drive from Hegang, operates flights to Beijing, Dalian and other major cities domestically. Town twinning{{flagdeco|Russia}} Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, RussiaNotes1. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition|last=Cox|first=W|publisher=Demographia|year=2018|isbn=|location=St. Louis|pages=24}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition|last=Cox|first=W|publisher=Demographia|year=2018|isbn=|location=St. Louis|pages=24}} 3. ^ 4. ^{{zh icon}} Compilation by LianXin website. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325041441/http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1048 |date=2012-03-25 }} 5. ^Hegang - China culture {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922085844/http://scenery.cultural-china.com/en/147Scenery7881.html |date=2011-09-22 }} 6. ^{{Cite book |script-title=zh:鹤岗市志 |trans-title=History of Hegang |author=Office of the Hegang Almanac Compilation Committee |year=1990 |publisher=Heilongjiang People's Press |isbn=978-7-207-01737-6}} 7. ^Climate map of Asia Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A. 8. ^2010年鹤岗市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 9. ^Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks References{{Empty section|date=July 2014}}External links{{Commons category|Hegang}}
2 : Cities in Heilongjiang|Prefecture-level divisions of Heilongjiang |
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