| 词条 | Buffalo treehopper |
| 释义 |
| image = Bueffelzikade.jpg | image_caption = Stictocephala bisonia, side view | image2 = Membracidae - Stictocephala bisonia.JPG | image2_caption = Upperside | genus = Stictocephala | species = bisonia | authority = Kopp & Yonke, 1977 }} The buffalo treehopper (Stictocephala bisonia) is a species of treehopper belonging to the subfamily Membracinae.[1] It is also sometimes classified as Ceresa bisonia.[2] DistributionThis species is native to North America, but now it is widespread throughout southern Europe and it is also present in the Near East and in North Africa.[3] AppearanceBuffalo treehoppers are a bright green color and have a somewhat triangular shape that helps camouflage them so as to resemble thorns or a twiggy protuberance.[4][5][6] It gets its name from the vague resemblance of its profile to that of an American bison.[5] They grow to 6 to 8 millimeters (0.24 to 0.31 in) long and have transparent wings.[5][6] Life cycleS. bisonia mates during the summer months.[6] Males attract females with a song that, unlike similar songs used by cicada and crickets, are outside the sonic range audible to humans.[6] Females lay eggs from July to October using a blade-like ovipositor.[5][6] Up to a dozen eggs are laid in each slit made by the female.[5][6]Nymphs emerge from the eggs the following May or June.[5][6] The nymphs, which resemble wingless adults, but have a more spiny appearance, descend from the trees where they hatched to feed on grasses, weeds, and other nonwoody plants.[5][6]They molt several times in the following month and a half until they have reached adulthood.[6] Then they return to the trees to continue their life cycle.[6] FeedingBoth adult and immature buffalo treehoppers feed upon sap using specialized mouthparts suited for this purpose.[6] Black locust, clover, elm, goldenrod, and willow are among their favorite food sources.[6] It is also an occasional pest of fruit trees and is harmful to young orchard trees, especially apple trees.[6] It has become an invasive species in some parts of Europe.[2] Bibliography
References1. ^[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id871380/ Biolib] 2. ^1 {{Citation | year =2008 | contribution =buffalo treehopper | contribution-url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/83648/buffalo-treehopper#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=buffalo%20treehopper%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia | title =Encyclopædia Britannica | edition =Online | publisher =Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. | accessdate =2008-07-14}} 3. ^Fauna europaea 4. ^John A. Jackman,Bastiaan M. Drees - A Field Guide to Common Texas Insects - Taylor Trade Publishing 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url= http://tfpg.cas.psu.edu/279.htm|title= Buffalo Treehopper|accessdate= 2008-07-16|date= 2008-06-05|work= Pennsylvania Tree Fruit Production Guide|publisher= Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web|url= http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/buffalo_treehopper.htm|title= Buffalo Treehopper: Stictocephala bisonia|first=Mark|last=Moran|date= 2004-04-05|work= Study of Northern Virginia Ecology|publisher= Fairfax County Public Schools| accessdate =2008-07-14}} External links
4 : Auchenorrhyncha|Insects described in 1977|Hemiptera of North America|Hemiptera of Europe |
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