“Bundjalung people”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Bundjalung people

释义

Language
Country
Initiation ceremony
Musical instruments
Alternative names
See also
Notes
Citations
Sources
External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2018}}{{Infobox
| above = Bundjalung people
| abovestyle = background-color: #FFFF99
| subheader = {{small|Aka: Badjalang (Tindale)(Horton)}}
{{small|Bandjalang (SIL)}}
| image1 =
| caption1 = South Eastern Queensland bioregion
| headerstyle = background-color: #FFFF99
| header1 = Hierarchy
| label2 = Language family:
| data2 = Pama–Nyungan
| label3 = Language branch:
| data3 = Bandjalangic
| label4 = Language group:
| data4 = Bundjalung
| label5 = Group dialects:
| data5 = {{Plainlist|

Arakwal{{sfn|Bunjalung of Byron Bay (Arakwal) Indigenous Land}}
Baryulgal{{sfn|Sharpe|1994}}
Dinggabal{{sfn|Sharpe|1994}}
Githabul^[1]
Minyungbal{{sfn|Sharpe|1994}}
Nganduwal{{sfn|Sharpe|1994}}
Njangbal{{sfn|Sharpe|1994}}
Waalulbal{{sfn|Sharpe|1994}}
Wiyabal(a.k.a. Widje{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=191}})
Wudjeebal.{{sfn|Sharpe|1994}}
Yugumbir^[1]

| label6 = Group estate:
| header20 = Area (approx. 6,000 sq. km)
| label22 = Bioregion:
| label23 = Location:
| data23 = {{Plainlist|

North-eastern
New South Wales

| label24 = Coordinates:
| data24 = {{coord|29|15|S|152|55|E|region:AU-NSW|display=inline, title}}
| label25 = Mountains:
| data25 = {{Plainlist|

McPherson Range
Mount Warning
{{small|(a.k.a. Wollumbin)}}

| label26 = Rivers{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=191}}
| data26 =

Lower reaches of {{Plainlist|

Clarence River
{{small|a.k.a. Breimba;{{sfn|Hoff|2006}} }}
Tweed River;
Richmond River

| label27 = Other geological:
| data27 = Cape Byron
| label28 = Urban areas:{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=191}}
| data28 = {{Plainlist|

Ballina
Beaudesert
Casino
Gold Coast
Grafton
Lismore
Tabulam
Tweed Heads
Logan, Queensland
Warwick
Woodenbong

}}

The Bundjalung people (also known as Bunjalung, Badjalang and Bandjalang) are Aboriginal Australians who are the original custodians of northern coastal area of New South Wales (Australia), located approximately {{convert|550|km}} northeast of Sydney, an area that includes the Bundjalung National Park.

Bundjalung people all share descent from ancestors who once spoke as their first, preferred language one or more of the dialects of the Lower-Richmond branch of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung language family

The Arakwal of Byron Bay count themselves as one of the Bundjalung peoples.{{sfn|Agreements}}

Language

Country

According to Norman Tindale, Bundjalung tribal lands encompassed roughly {{convert|2,300|mi2|km2}}, from the northern side of the Clarence River to the Richmond River, including Ballina with their inland extension running to Tabulam and Baryugil. The coastal Widje horde ventured no further than Rappville.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=191}}

Initiation ceremony

According to R. H. Mathews, the Bundjalung rite of transition into manhood began with a cleared space called a walloonggurra some distance from the main camp. On the evening the novices are taken from their mothers around dusk, the men sing their way to this bora ground where a small bullroarer (dhalguñgwn) is whirled.{{sfn|Mathews|1900|pp=67–73,67}}

Musical instruments

The Bundjalung used a variety of instruments including blowing on a eucalyptus leaf, creating a bird-like sound. Clapsticks were used to establish a drumbeat rhythm on ceremonial dancing occasions. Emu callers, short, one foot, about 30 cm long didgeridoos were traditionally used by the Bundjalung when hunting (Eastern Australia Coastal Emus). When striking the emu-caller at one end with the open palm it sounds like an emu. This decoy attracts the bird out of the bush making it an easy prey.{{cn|date=February 2018}}

Alternative names

Badjelang. (paidjal/badjal means "man")
Budulung
Buggul
Paikalyung, Paikalyug
Bandjalang, Bandjalong
Bunjellung
Bundela, Bundel
Widje. (clan or clans at Evans Head)
Watchee
Woomargou{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=191}}

Notes

Citations

1. ^¹{{Ethnologue20|bdy|Bandjalang}}

Sources

{{Cite web| title = ATNS - Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements project

| publisher = Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project
| url = http://www.atns.net.au/agreement.asp?EntityID=509
| access-date = 14 May 2015
| ref = {{harvid|Agreements}}
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Note on the aborigines of Casino, N.S.W.

| last = Bundock | first = M.
| journal = Archiv für Ethnologie
| year = 1889 | volume = 2 | pages = 52–53
| url = https://archive.org/details/internationalesa02inte
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite web| title = Bunjalung of Byron Bay (Arakwal) Indigenous Land Use Agreement

| publisher = Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project
| url = http://www.atns.net.au/agreement.asp?EntityID=506
| access-date = 20 May 2008
| ref = {{harvid|Bunjalung of Byron Bay (Arakwal) Indigenous Land}}
}}

{{Cite web| title = Githabul People's native title determination: North-eastern New South Wales

| publisher = National Native Title Tribunal
| url = http://www.nntt.gov.au/Publications-And-Research/Publications/Documents/Multimedia%20and%20determination%20brochures/Determination%20brochure%20Githabul%20people%20November%202007.pdf
| format = pdf | dead-url = yes
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110601000000/http://www.nntt.gov.au/Publications-And-Research/Publications/Documents/Multimedia%20and%20determination%20brochures/Determination%20brochure%20Githabul%20people%20November%202007.pdf
| date = 29 November 2007 | archive-date = 1 June 2011
| ref = {{harvid|NNTT|2007}}
}}

{{cite book| title = Bunjalung Jugun | trans-title = Bunjalung Country

}} citing Yamba Yesterday, Howland and Lee, Yamba Centenary Committee.

{{Cite interview| title = Ruby Langford Ginibi: Full interview transcript

| last = Langford Ginibi | first = Ruby
| interviewer = Robin Hughes
| publisher = Australian Biography project
| url = http://www.australianbiography.gov.au/subjects/langford/intertext4.html
| date = 15 November 1995 | pages = 1–5
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Totemic divisions of the Australian tribes

| last = Mathews | first = R. H.
| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| journal = Proceedings of Royal Society of New South Wales
| year = 1897a | volume = 31 | pages = 154–176
| url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41844904
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Wandarral of the Richmond and Clarence River tribes

| last = Mathews | first = R. H.
| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| journal = Proceedings of Royal Society of Victoria
| year = 1897b | volume = 10 | pages = 29–42
| url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8361705
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Initiation ceremonies of Australian tribes. Appendix Nguttan initiation ceremony

| last = Mathews | first = R. H.
| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| journal = Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
| year = 1898 | volume = 37 | pages = 54–73
| url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7103412
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Walloonggurra ceremony

| last = Mathews | first = R. H.
| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| journal = Queensland Geographic Journal
| year = 1900 | volume = 15 | pages = 67–74
| url = https://archive.org/download/queenslandgeogra15roya/queenslandgeogra15roya.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Bundjalung Settlement and Migration

| last = Sharpe | first = Margaret C.
| journal = Aboriginal History
| year = 1985 | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–124
| url = http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p71761/pdf/article063.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = An all-dialect dictionary of Banjalang, an Australian language which is still in use

| last = Sharpe | first = Margaret C.
| year = 1994
| postscript = {{inconsistent citations}}
| ref = harv
}}

{{cite book| title = Aboriginal Pathways: in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River

| last = Steele | first = John Gladstone
| year = 1984
| publisher = University of Queensland Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e6WBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT82
| isbn = 978-0-702-25742-1
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal

| last1 = Threlkeld | first1 = Lancelot
| last2 = Fraser | first2 = John
| author1-link = Lancelot Threlkeld
| year = 1892
| publisher = Government printer | location = Sydney
| url = https://downloads.newcastle.edu.au/library/cultural%20collections/pdf/al1892whole.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| chapter = Badjalang (QLD)

| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 1974
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| publisher = Australian National University Press
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/badjalang.htm
| ref = harv
}}

{{cite news| title = Troy Cassar-Daley

| work = Talking Heads
| publisher = Australian Broadcasting Corporation
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/tv/talkingheads/txt/s2554373.htm
| date = 4 May 2009 | access-date = 12 July 2011
| ref = {{harvid|ABC|2009}}
}}{{Refend}}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080727065751/http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/page/default.asp?site=2&page=TIN_Tribal&level=3&code=2&item=D6 Badjalang portion of Norman Tindale's Aboriginal Tribes of Australia map] Accessed 21 May 2008
Bundjalung of Byron Bay Aboriginal Corporation, representing the Bundjalung and Arakwal people, land and waters
[https://web.archive.org/web/20150505080020/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/collections/language_bibs/bundjalung_banjalang.pdf Bibliography of Bundjalung language and people resources], at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
Bibliography of Arakwal language and people resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
"Australia's Sacred Sites Part 5 - Byron Bay" ABC Radio's Spirit of Things (October 2002; Accessed 21 May 2008
A Walk in the Park Series: "New South Wales - Arakwal National Park" ABC Radio (December 2004) Accessed 21 May 2008
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024620/http://www.ausanthrop.net/resources/ausanthrop_db/detail.php?id_search=26 "Badjalang"] AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database. Accessed 20 May 2008
Bunjalung of Byron Bay (Arakwal) Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) Accessed 21 May 2008
New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change Aboriginal cultural heritage webpage Living on the frontier Accessed 21 May 2008
New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change November 2007 Media Release Wollumbin Aboriginal Consultative Group{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} Accessed 21 May 2008

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