| 词条 | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management |
| 释义 |
|agency_name = Bureau of Ocean Energy Management |seal = BOEM_logo.png |seal_width = |headquarters = Main Interior Building Washington, D.C. |formed = {{Start date|2011|10|01}} |preceding1 = Minerals Management Service |coordinates = |employees = N/A |budget = N/A |chief1_name = Walter Cruickshank |chief1_position = Director {{small|(Acting)}} |parent_agency = {{nowrap|Department of the Interior}} |website = www.boem.gov |footnotes = }} The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior, established in 2010 by Secretarial Order.[1] The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) states: "...the outer Continental Shelf is a vital national resource reserve held by the Federal Government for the public, which should be made available for expeditious and orderly development, subject to environmental safeguards, in a manner which is consistent with the {{sic|mainta|inence}} of competition and other national needs."{{Attribution needed|date=July 2012}} BOEM and its sister agency, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement are the agencies to which this responsibility is delegated. They exercise the oil, gas, and renewable energy-related management functions formerly under the purview of the Minerals Management Service (MMS). Specifically, BOEM activities involve resource evaluation, planning, and leasing.[1] DirectorsThe agency's first director, serving from June 2010 to May 2014, was Tommy Beaudreau.[2] The second director was Abigail Ross Hopper.[3] Currently, the deputy director Walter Cruickshank serves as the acting director.[4] Ocean floor surveysA function inherited from the MMS is the review of nearly 1,700 planned wells and pipelines every year. The BOEM keeps records of shipwrecks, to ensure the Nation's important historical sites are protected. These shipwrecks, when over fifty years old, are considered National landmarks, and any new wells or pipelines have to be studied for their potential effect on archaeological sites on the outer continental shelf.[5] List of shipwrecksThe BOEM maintains a list of shipwrecks and the location.
WW IIThere were over 100 attacks on ships in the Gulf by German u-boats. Several were listed by the MMS and maintained by the BOEM.
The only known German U-boat to be sunk in the Gulf is U-166. After sinking the SS Robert E. Lee the United States Navy patrol craft PC-566 reported hitting and sinking the submarine. This was questioned and the sinking was attributed to a United States Coast Guard Grumman G-44 Widgeon, that reported an attack over 100 miles away, thought to be the U-166. In 2001 the wreckage of U-166 was identified near the wreckage of the Robert E. Lee and in 2014 the record was set straight that PC-566 actually sunk U-166. In 2014 the position, {{coord|28|37|N|90|45|W|dim:400000|display=inline,title}} was designated a war grave.[12] See also
References1. ^1 {{Citation|last=Salazar|first=Ken|authorlink=Ken Salazar|title=Secretarial Order Nº 3299|url=http://www.doi.gov/deepwaterhorizon/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&PageID=32475|format=PDF|publisher=US Department of the Interior|accessdate=May 21, 2010|date=May 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520165825/http://www.doi.gov/deepwaterhorizon/loader.cfm?csModule=security%2Fgetfile&PageID=32475#|archive-date=2010-05-20|dead-url=yes|df=}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Past Directors|url=http://www.boem.gov/Past-Directors/|website=BOEM|publisher=BOEM|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Abigail Ross Hopper, Director|url=http://www.boem.gov/Director/|website=BOEM|publisher=BOEM|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Deputy Director|url=http://www.boem.gov/Deputy-Director/|website=|publisher=BOEM|accessdate=4 March 2015}} 5. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=4Uk3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA35&dq=Attakapas+Wildlife+Management+Area&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiax5Oez5zSAhUJ94MKHU4-A3EQ6AEILzAE#v=onepage&q=Attakapas%20Wildlife%20Management%20Area&f=false Google books]: pp 3-179 & 3-180 (table 3-39 and 3-40), Proposed Use of Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading Systems On the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf - Retrieved 2017-02-19 6. ^FV Northern Eagle- Retrieved 2017-02-19 7. ^SS Gulfoil- Retrieved 2017-02-19 8. ^SS Gulfpenn- Retrieved 2017-02-19 9. ^SS Robert E. Lee- Retrieved 2017-02-19 10. ^SS Alcoa Puritan- Retrieved 2017-02-19 11. ^SS Amapala- Retrieved 2017-02-19 12. ^[https://www.boem.gov/BOEM-Newsroom/Press-Releases/2001/010615-pdf.aspx MMS Ensures Nation's Historic Shipwrecks are Protected as Archaeologists Share in U-Boat Discovery]- Retrieved 2017-02-19 External links
5 : Government agencies established in 2011|United States Department of the Interior agencies|Oil wells|Natural resources agencies in the United States|Environmental agencies in the United States |
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