| 词条 | Burrington Camp |
| 释义 |
| name =Burrington Camp | native_name =Burrington Ham | native_language = | image =Geograph 2559806 Burrington Ham.jpg | caption = | locmapin =Somerset | coordinates = {{coord|51|19|28|N|2|44|22|W|display=inline,title}} | location =Burrington, Somerset, England | area = | built =Iron Age | architect = | architecture = | governing_body = | designation1 =Scheduled Ancient Monument | designation1_offname = | designation1_date = | designation1_number =194391[1] | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_date = | designation2_number = }} Burrington Camp, also known as Burrington Ham, is an Iron Age hill fort in the North Somerset district of Somerset, England. The hill fort is situated in the Mendip Hills approximately {{convert|0.6|mi}} south from the village of Burrington. The camp overlooks Burrington Combe, where there have been archaeological discoveries of cemeteries, demonstrating a very long human occupation of the area.[2] The hill fort has an oval shape and is univallate.[3] The name "Burrington Ham" was commonly used for the hill fort before the 20th century.[4] At that time, the camp was sometimes thought to be a Roman one and was also associated with the Druids.[5][6] Background{{further|Hill fort}}Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC.[7] The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people.[8] Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".[9] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Burrington Camp |url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=194391 |work=National Monuments Record |publisher=English Heritage |accessdate=16 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001212521/http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=194391 |archivedate= 1 October 2012 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web | title=Mendip Hills An Archaeological Survey of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty | work=Somerset County Council Archaeological Projects | url=http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/downloads/HES_MendipAONB.pdf | format= PDF | accessdate=16 January 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.fortifiedengland.com/Home/Categories/ViewItem/tabid/61/Default.aspx?IID=1360 | title=Burrington Camp | publisher=Fortified England | accessdate=16 January 2011}} 4. ^William Phelps, The history and antiquities of Somersetshire vol. 1 (1836), p. 26: "Burrington Camp or Ham, as it is called, stands on the elevated ridge..." 5. ^Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, vols. 32-33 (1887), p. 5: "On Burrington Ham, a mile beyond the boundary of Wrington, is a Roman camp, and remains have been found in the comb." 6. ^John Murray & Co., A handbook for travellers in Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, and Somersetshire (1859), p. 230: "...and above, on the hill, an earthwork called Burrington Ham, which is supposed to have been a scene of Druidical worship." 7. ^{{citation |first1=Andrew |last1=Payne |first2=Mark |last2=Corney |first3=Barry |last3=Cunliffe |title=The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive Survey of Hillfort Interiors in Central Southern England |publisher=English Heritage |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-873592-85-4 |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.10744 | page=1}} 8. ^{{citation |last=Sharples |first=Niall M |title=English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle |publisher=B. T. Batsford |year=1991 |location=London |isbn=0-7134-6083-0 | pages=71–72}} 9. ^{{citation |url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/2008/swords/swords-found.html |title=Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds |publisher=Channel 4 |date=2008-05-19 |accessdate=16 September 2009}} 4 : History of Somerset|Hill forts in Somerset|Iron Age sites in Somerset|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in North Somerset |
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