| 词条 | Cabin of Peter the Great |
| 释义 |
The cabin of Peter the Great (Russian: Domik Petra I or Domik Petra Pervogo or Domik Petra Velikogo) is a small wooden house which was the first St Petersburg "palace" of Tsar Peter the Great. The log cabin was constructed in three days in May 1703,{{efn|Explorations in St. Petersburg and Saint Petersburg: Museums, Palaces, and Historic Collections say 1703; Petriva dates it to 1707.}} by soldiers of the Semyonovskiy Regiment.{{sfnp|Fitzlyon|Zinovieff|Hughes|2003|p=44|ps=}} At that time, the new St. Petersburg was described as "a heap of villages linked together, like some plantation in the West Indies".{{sfnp|Hughes|1998|p=216|ps=}} The date of its construction is now considered to mark the foundation of the city. The design is a combination of an izba, a traditional Russian countryside house typical of the 17th century, and the Tsar's beloved Dutch Baroque, later to evolve into the Petrine Baroque. Peter built similar domiki elsewhere in Russia - for example, in Voronezh, and Vologda. The wooden cabin in St. Petersburg covers only {{convert|60|m2|ft2}}{{r|Explorations}} and contains three rooms - living room, bedroom, and study. It has large ornate windows and a high hipped roof of wooden tiles.{{sfnp|Cowles|1971|p=57|ps=}}{{efn|Cowles describes Peter the Great "living for years in a small log cabin, composed of three rooms."}} Inside, the wooden walls were painted with red oil to resemble brick, and the rooms came to be known as the "red chambers" (krasnyie khoromtsy).{{sfnp|Giangrande|Norwich|2003|p=18|ps=}}{{efn|The Companion Guide to St. Petersburg translates this as the "fair mansion".}} There are no fires or chimneys, as it was intended to be used only in the warmer summer months. It was occupied by the Tsar between 1703 and 1708,{{sfnp|Giangrande|Norwich|2003|p=18|ps=}} while Peter supervised the construction of the new imperial city and the Peter and Paul Fortress. The cabin was moved to its present location, 6 Petrovskaia Naberezhnaia,{{sfnp|Giangrande|Norwich|2003|p=18|ps=}} in 1711 from its original site on the north bank of the River Neva close to the present Winter Palace. Peter had it encased for its protection within a red brick pavilion in 1723, and ordered that it be preserved for posterity as a memorial to his modesty, and the creation of St. Petersburg ex nihilo. Catherine the Great ordered the shelter for the cabin to be renovated in 1784, and the protective brick pavilion was reconstructed by Nicholas I in the 1840s.{{sfnp|Giangrande|Norwich|2003|p=18|ps=}} Nicholas I also had the bedroom converted into a chapel dedicated to Christ the Redeemer, and iron railings were added in 1874. Peter's domiki were used to mark significant dates, such as the bicentenary of Peter's birth in 1672. They became a centre of devotion to the tsar, the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Russian motherland (rodina). An image of the log cabin was included on the Peter the Great Fabergé egg, created in 1903 to celebrate the bicentenary of the founding of St. Petersburg. After the Russian Revolution, they became symbols of Russian heroic labour. A prized national monument, the contents were removed, and the Cabin was boarded up and camouflaged during the Second World War. It was the first St. Petersburg museum to reopen in September 1944, after the end of the Siege of Leningrad. Personal and domestic objects owned and used by Peter are still displayed within, and a bust of Peter by Parmen Zabello stands outside. The cabin is open to the public{{r|Explorations}} as a branch of the Russian Museum.{{r|Museum}} References{{commons category|Cabin of Peter the Great}}Notes{{notelist}}Citations1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/museum/complex/let_sad/dimik_petra/ |title=The Cabin of Peter the Great |publisher=State Russian Museum |accessdate=15 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YXtTUJlJ?url=http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/museum/complex/let_sad/dimik_petra/ |archivedate=15 May 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }} [1]
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9 : Peter the Great|Houses in Russia|Houses completed in 1703|Historic house museums in Saint Petersburg|Biographical museums in Saint Petersburg|Russian Museum|Log buildings and structures|Wooden buildings and structures in Russia|1703 establishments in Russia |
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