| 词条 | Cakile maritima |
| 释义 |
|image = Cakile-maritima-(eurMeersenf) 1.jpg |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Brassicales |familia = Brassicaceae |genus = Cakile |species = C. maritima |binomial = Cakile maritima |binomial_authority = Scop. |range_map = Cakile maritima GBIFDistMap1.png |range_map_caption = Occurrence data from GBIF[1] }} Cakile maritima (European searocket), is a common plant in the mustard family. It is widespread in Europe, North Africa and western Asia, especially on coastlines. It can now be found in many other areas of the world where it has been introduced. It is an inhabitant of the west and east coasts of North America, where it has the potential to become a noxious weed. This is an annual plant which grows in clumps or mounds in the sand on beaches and bluffs. The shiny leaves are fleshy, green and tinted with purple or magenta, and long-lobed. It has white to light purple flowers and sculpted, segmented, corky brown fruits one to three centimeters long. The fruits float and are water-dispersed. DescriptionIt is a glabrous, succulent annual, with a slender or stout taproot. It has a branched stem prostrate or ascending, growing up to {{convert|15|-|45|cm|abbr=on}}. The lobed leaves,[2] are flesh-like and alternate (spaced), they are different from top and bottom of the stem, the lower leaves are obovate or oblancelate, while the upper ones are oblong.[2] It blooms in the UK, between June and August.[3] The small flowers come in shades of white, lilac-coloured or purple,[2][3] with 4 petals measuring up to {{convert|25|mm|abbr=on}} across. Later it produces green maturing to brown, seed capsules (fruit), that are short and stubby. They contain 2 yellow, brown, smooth seeds.[2][3] The seed oil contains a high level of erucic acid,[4][5] PhytochemistryDue to its highly efficient antioxidant system,[6] it can withstand even high doses of Cadmium pollution.[7] TaxonomyIt was published and described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 'Fl. Carniol.' edition 2, Vol.2 on page 35, in 1772.[8][9] The specific epithet maritima, refers to the Latin term for 'of the sea'.[10] Distribution and habitatCakile maritima is native to temperate areas of North Africa, western Asia and Europe.[11]RangeIt is found in Africa within Algeria, the Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, the Madeira Islands, Morocco and Tunisia. In Western Asia, it is found in the Caucasus, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Syria and Turkey. In Eastern Europe, it is found in Estonia and Ukraine. In middle Europe, it is found within Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and Poland. In Northern Europe, in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom. In Southeastern Europe, within Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. In Southeastern Europe, within France, Portugal and Spain.[11] It is also widely naturalised outside of its native range, in North America.[11] HabitatIt grows on the foreshores near large dune systems,[2] and in shingle banks.[3] It is tolerant of salt spray and transient seawater inundation. It is pollinated by a wide range of insects, from Apis mellifera, Eristalis intricarius and Pieris rapae.[2] Veterinary significanceAs the seed oil contains a high level of erucic acid which can have pathological effects on the cardiac muscle of several animal species. However, orange-bellied parrots feed on its seed during their northward migrating journey from Tasmania and Australia.[2] UsesThe seed oil can be used for industrial applications.[5] References1. ^Cakile maritima GBIF.org (28th November 2018) GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.h2gy2e 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal|last1=Davy|first1=J.|last2=Scott|first2=R.|last3=Cordazzo|first3=C. V.|title=Biological flora of the British Isles: Cakile maritima Scop.|journal=Journal of Ecology|date=3 May 2006|volume=94|issue=3|pages=695–711|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01131.x}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |year=1981 |title=Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain |page=50 |publisher=Reader's Digest |isbn=9780276002175}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ali Ghars|first1=Mohamed|last2=Debez|first2=Almed|last3=Smaoui|first3=Abderrazzak|last4=Zarrouk|first4=Moktar|last5=Grignon|first5=Claude|last6=Abdelly|first6=Chedly|title=Variability Of Fruit And Seed-Oil Characteristics In Tunisian Accessions Of The Halophyte Cakile Maritima (Brassicaceae)|journal=Ecophysiology of High Salinity Tolerant Plants|date=2008|pages=55–67}} 5. ^1 Münir Öztürk, Yoav Waisel, M. Ajman Khan, Güven Görk (Editors) {{google books|epKzO4chXzYC|Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants|page=169}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ksouria|first1=Riadh|last2=Megdiche|first2=Wided|last3=Debez|first3=Ahmed|last4=Falleh|first4=Hanen|last5=Grignon|first5=Claude|last6=Chedly|first6=Abdelly|title=Salinity effects on polyphenol content and antioxidant activities in leaves of the halophyte Cakile maritima|journal=Plant Physiology and Biochemistry|date=March–April 2007|volume=45|issue=3–4|pages=244–249|doi=10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.02.001|pmid=17408958|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0981942807000186|accessdate=26 November 2017}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Taamalli|first1=M.|last2=D'Alessandro|first2=A.|last3=Marrocco|first3=C.|last4=Gevi|first4=F.|last5=Timperio|first5=A..|last6=Zolla|first6=L.|title=Proteomic and metabolic profiles of Cakile maritima Scop. Sea Rocket grown in the presence of cadmium.|journal=Mol. Biosyst.|date=April 2015|volume=11|issue=4|pages=1096–109|doi=10.1039/c4mb00567h|pmid=25639878}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Cakile maritima Scop. is an accepted name|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2690424|website=23 March 2012|publisher=theplantlist.org|accessdate=25 November 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Brassicaceae Cakile maritima Scop.|url=http://cwww.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=30179231-2|publisher=ipni.org|accessdate=25 November 2017}} 10. ^Allen J. Coombes {{google books|capqDQYT_VYC&|The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants|page=51}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web|title= Taxon: Cakile maritima Scop. |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=8329 |publisher=ars-grin.gov|accessdate=25 November 2017}} External links
40 : Brassiceae|Flora of North Africa|Flora of Algeria|Flora of the Canary Islands|Flora of Egypt|Flora of Libya|Flora of Madeira|Flora of Morocco|Flora of Tunisia|Flora of the Caucasus|Flora of Georgia (country)|Flora of Iran|Flora of Israel|Flora of Syria|Flora of Turkey|Flora of Europe|Flora of Estonia|Flora of Ukraine|Flora of Belgium|Flora of Germany|Flora of the Netherlands|Flora of Poland|Flora of Denmark|Flora of Finland|Flora of Iceland|Flora of Norway|Flora of Albania|Flora of Bulgaria|Flora of Croatia|Flora of Greece|Flora of Italy|Flora of Montenegro|Flora of Romania|Flora of Serbia|Flora of Slovenia|Flora of France|Flora of Portugal|Flora of Spain|Flora of the United Kingdom|Plants described in 1772 |
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