| 词条 | Caleb Saleeby | |
| 释义 |
|name = Caleb Williams Saleeby |box_width = |image = Caleb Saleeby.jpg |image_width = 180px |alt = photograph |caption = Saleeby circa 1918 |birth_date = 1878 |birth_place = Sussex, England |death_date = {{Death date|1940|12|09|df=yes}} (aged 62) |death_place = Apple Tree, Aldbury, Hertfordshire, England |profession = Doctor, writer, journalist |spouse = Monica Meynell (1903-1910) |specialism = Obstetrics |research_field = |known_for = Eugenics |years_active = 1904–1940 |education = Edinburgh University |work_institutions = Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh |prizes = |relations = |signature = }} Dr Caleb Williams Saleeby FRSE (1878 – 9 December 1940) was an English physician, writer, and journalist known for his support of eugenics. During World War I, he was an adviser to the Minister of Food and advocated the establishment of a Ministry of Health. LifeSaleeby was born in Sussex, the son of Elias G. Saleeby. His father died whilst he was young and his mother moved to 3 Malta Terrace in Stockbridge, Edinburgh.[1] He was educated at the Royal High School in Edinburgh.[2] At Edinburgh University, he took First Class Honours and was an Ettles Scholar and Scott Scholar in Obstetrics. In 1904, he received his Doctor of Medicine degree. He was a resident at the Maternity Hospital and the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, and briefly at the York City Dispensary. In 1906 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Alexander Russell Simpson, Sir Thomas Clouston, Sir William Turner and Daniel John Cunningham.[3] He became a prolific freelance writer and journalist, with strong views on many subjects.[5] He became known in particular as an advocate of eugenics: in 1907 he was influential in launching the Eugenics Education Society, and in 1909 he published (in New York) Parenthood and Race Culture. He was a contributor to the first edition of Arthur Mee's The Children's Encyclopædia.[6] Like Mee, he was a keen temperance reformer. Saleeby's contributions to the Encyclopedia were explicitly racialist: he saw mankind as the pinnacle of evolution, and white men as superior to other men, based on "craniometry".[5] He predicted the use of atomic power, "perhaps not for hundreds of years". He favoured the education of women, but primarily so they should become better mothers.[8] In Woman and Womanhood (1912), he wrote: "Women, being constructed by Nature, as individuals, for her racial ends, are happier and more beautiful, live longer and more beautiful lives, when they follow, as mothers or foster-mothers the role of motherhood". Yet, at this time when the suffragette movement was at its peak, he also wrote that he could see no good reason against the vote for women: "I believe in the vote; I believe it will be eugenic". During World War I, he was an adviser to the Minister of Food and argued in favour of the establishment of a Ministry of Health. Later, he moved away from eugenics, and did not publish any further writings on this subject after 1921—though he continued to write on health matters in particular. He also campaigned for clean air and the benefits of sunlight, founding The Sunlight League in 1924.[5] Although the Sunlight League did not overtly promote nudism Saleeby did confide to friends that the idea behind it was to stimulate the nudist movement.[4] Saleeby founded a nudist club in Britain in the 1920s exhorting the nudist lifestyle in his book Sunlight and Health.[5][6] He died on 9 December 1940 from heart failure at Apple Tree, Aldbury, near Tring. FamilyHe married Monica Meynell, daughter of Alice Meynell and Wilfrid Meynell, in June 1903. They had two daughters, Mary and Cordelia. In 1910, his marriage fell apart after his wife had a nervous breakdown. During this time, their daughter Mary, was sent to live with Viola Meynell. D.H. Lawrence was living at her family's cottage in Sussex. He became Mary's tutor. In 1930 he married Muriel Gordon Billings. Selected works{{wikisource author}}
See also
References1. ^Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1895 2. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Carr-Gomm|first=Philip |title=A Brief History of Nakedness|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1rwBFAz-En0C&pg=PA160|year=2012|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-729-9|pages=160–}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Pliley|first1=Jessica R. |last2=Kramm|first2=Robert |last3=Fischer-Tiné|first3=Harald |title=Global Anti-Vice Activism, 1890-1950: Fighting Drinks, Drugs, and 'Immorality'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVGwDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-10266-8|pages=38–}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Saleeby|first=Caleb Williams |title=Sunlight and Health|url=https://archive.org/details/b2981165x/page/n68|year=1923|publisher=Nisbet & Company, Limited|location=London|page=68}} 7. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7390946-the-children-s-encyclopedia | title = The Children's Encyclopedia (Ten Volume Set) | work = Goodreads | publisher = Goodreads | accessdate = 2010-11-17 }} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | title = The World of the Edwardian Child: as seen in Arthur Mee's Children's Encyclopaedia, 1908–1910 | last = Tracy | first = Michael | year = 1998 | publisher = Hermitage | location = York | isbn = 978-2-9600047-5-5 | oclc = 634653542 | pages = 73–75 }} 9. ^1 Tracy, The World of the Edwardian Child, p. 232. [7] [8] [9] }} Further reading
| title = The Children's Encyclopedia | editor-first = Arthur | editor-last = Mee | publisher = The Educational Book Company | year = 1910 | location = London | oclc = 62484154 }}
| title = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | editor-last = Matthew | editor-first = H. C. G. | editor2-last = Harrison | editor2-first = Brian | isbn = 978-0-19-861411-1 | publisher = Oxford University Press }} External links
7 : 1878 births|1940 deaths|British eugenicists|British naturists|People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh|People from Sussex|Social nudity advocates |
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