“California World War II Army Airfields”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

California World War II Army Airfields

释义

Major airfields
Fourth Air Force AAF Training Command AAF contract flying schools Air Transport Command Technical Service Command
Known secondary facilities
References

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|caption=Map of Major California World War II Army Airfields {{ubl| Fourth Air Force | AAF Training Command | AAF Contract Flying Schools | Air Transport Command | Technical Service Command}}
}}
|type=Army Airfields
|code=
|built=1940–1944
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|used= 1940–present
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During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in California for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers.

Most of these airfields were under the command of Fourth Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC). However, Air Technical Service Command (ATSC), Air Transport Command (ATC) and I Troop Carrier Command used a significant number of airfields in a support role. A significant number of them had operational squadrons for air defense of the Pacific coastline and anti-submarine patrols, and one was even handed over to Civil Air Patrol pilots for their use.

In addition to the major fields, dozens of minor auxiliary fields and airstrips were built, generally to provide more room for basic flight training, but also to support other operations. A few of these were designed as "fallback fields" for launching defensive operations in case of a Japanese invasion.

Most Army airfields were built with three runways in a triangle, with parking ramp areas adjacent to one runway.This triangular configuration allowed rapid construction, without regard to the direction of the prevailing winds. Navy fields were generally built with two runways in a cross, with a third runway intersecting the other two at an angle.

There were, of course, other designs, including single-runway fields. Most noteworthy were "landing mats," large concrete squares, hexagons and circles, which allowed takeoffs and landings in any direction.

Following the war, many bases and auxiliary fields were given to local governments or returned to service as municipal airports. Often, budget constraints caused the new owners to close or even remove the "extra" runways, retaining only those that faced into the prevailing winds. In at least one case (Orland), large portions of a landing mat were removed, leaving a conventional runway and ramp.

Several fields were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War, or used for experimental aviation, the most notable of these being Edwards Air Force Base.

A few were sold or given back to private owners, generally to be returned to agricultural use, while a handful have become private airports. A number of fields were simply abandoned, due to their remote locations, and the remains of these can still be found, especially in the Mojave Desert.

It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes.

Major airfields

Fourth Air Force

The mission of Fourth Air Force was the air defense of the West Coast, operating two air defense wings in California (Los Angeles and San Francisco). It also provided operational training of newly formed groups and squadrons in combat aircraft prior to their deployment to overseas combat theaters. After April 1944, operational training was changed to replacement training of newly commissioned pilots in combat fighters from the AAF Training Command advanced flying schools.

Chandler Municipal Airport, {{convert|2|mi|km}} west of Fresno

Briefly used in 1941 While Hammer Army Airfield under construction

Now: Fresno Chandler Executive Airport {{airport codes|FCH|KFCH|FCH}}

Chico Army Airfield, {{convert|5|mi|km}} north of Chico

Army Air Forces Basic Flying School / Army Air Force Pilot School, Basic, 24 March 1942–25 April 1944

10th Base Headquarters an Air Base Squadron, 12 July 1942–25 April 1944

433rd Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Fighter), 25 April 1944–31 October 1945

Now: Chico Municipal Airport
{{Airport codes|CIC|KCIC|CIC}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Orland Auxiliary Field

Kirkwood Auxiliary Field

Vina Auxiliary Field

Campbell Auxiliary Field

Oroville Auxiliary Field

Sacramento Municipal Airport

Oroville Army Airfield

Siskiyou County Army Airfield

Redding Army Airfield

Daggett Municipal Airport, Daggett

Now: Barstow-Daggett Airport {{Airport codes|DAG|KDAG}}

Hamilton Army Airfield,{{convert|7|mi|km}}, Novato, north of San Rafael

Air Base Squadron, 45th Air Base Group / 46th Air Base Squadron/ 46th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, 25 August 1940–1 April 1944

460th Army Air Force Base Unit (Base Services, Air Transport Command), 1 April 1944–8 May 1946

Hq, West Coast Wing, Air Transport Command, 1 August 1944–4 December 1945

Was: Hamilton Air Force Base (1947–1976)

Now: Part of the Hamilton Wetland Restoration Project

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Montague Air Force Auxiliary Field

Napa Army Airfield

Willows Municipal Airport

Redding Army Airfield

Siskiyou County Army Airfield

Hammer Army Airfield, {{convert|5|mi|km}} northeast of Fresno

Joint Use with United States Navy (NATS)

50th Air Base Squadron / 50th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, 2 August 1941–31 March 1944

450th Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Night Fighter), 1 April 1944–15 March 1946

Now: Fresno Air National Guard Base {{Airport codes|FAT|KFAT}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Salinas Army Air Base

Delano Army Airfield

Meadows Field

Visalia Army Airfield

Hayward Army Airfield

Lemoore Army Airfield, {{convert|9|mi|km}} southwest of Lemoore

Air Corps Basic Flying School / AAF Basic Flying School / AAF Pilot School, Basic; 30 November 1941–1 June 1944

88th Air Base Squadron / 88th Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron; 12 December 1941–30 April 1944

3023rd Army Air Force Base Unit (Pilot School, Basic); 1 May 1944–1 June 1944

461st Army Air Force Base Unit (Processing In); 1 June 1944–10 November 1945

Now: non-flying agricultural use.

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Boston Field

Huron Field

Indian Field

Murray Field

West Field

Summit Lake Field (Now NAS Lemoore)

Helm Field

Corcoran Municipal Airport

Porterville Army Airfield

Coalinga Municipal Airport (Old)

March Army Airfield, {{convert|10|mi|km}} southeast of Riverside

Base Headquarters and 4th Air Base Squadron; 1 September 1936–1 September 1940

4th Air Base Group; 1 September 1940–15 January 1941

Air Base Squadron, 32nd Air Base Group / 31st Air Base Squadron / 31st Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron; 15 January 1941–31 March 1944

420th Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Heavy Bombardment); 1 April 1944–31 March 1946

Was: March Air Force Base (1947–1993)

Now: March Air Reserve Base

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Buffalo Springs Airport

Needles Army Airfield

Shavers Summit Army Airfield

Marysville Army Airfield, {{convert|3|mi|km}} south of Marysville.

Now: Yuba County Airport {{Airport codes|MYV|KMYV}}

Muroc Army Airfield, {{convert|23|mi|km}} southeast of Mojave

323rd Air Base Sq / 323rd Base Headquarters and Air Base Sq; 1 May 1942–31 March 1944

421st Army Air Force Base Unit (Combat Crew Training Station, Heavy Bombardment); 1 April 1944–16 October 1945

Now: Edwards Air Force Base

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Bishop Army Airfield

Blythe Army Airfield

Palmdale Army Airfield

Desert Center Army Airfield

Gary Army Airfield

Rice Army Airfield

Muroc Flight Test Base

Ontario Army Airfield,{{convert|1|mi|km|adj=on}} east of Ontario

311th Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: LA/Ontario International Airport
{{Airport codes|ONT|KONT|ONT}}

Salinas Army Air Base,{{convert|3|mi|km}} southeast of Salinas

301st Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron

Also used by Air Transport Command

Now: Salinas Municipal Airport {{airport codes|SNS|KSNS|SNS}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Half Moon Bay Flight Strip

Santa Maria Army Airfield, Santa Maria

483d Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: Santa Maria Public Airport {{Airport codes|SMX|KSMX}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Estrella Army Airfield

Santa Rosa Army Airfield, {{convert|7|mi|km}} northwest of Santa Rosa

493d Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: Charles M. Schulz - Sonoma County Airport
{{airport codes|STS|KSTS|STS}}

Thermal Army Airfield, {{convert|2|mi|km}} southwest of Thermal

Joint Use with United States Navy

VI Air Support Command (AGF)

475th Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport
{{Airport codes|TRM|KTRM}}

Van Nuys Army Airfield, Van Nuys

505th Army Air Force Base Unit

Was:Van Nuys Air National Guard Base (1946–1990)

Now: Van Nuys Airport {{Airport codes|VNY|KVNY}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Grand Central Air Terminal

Oxnard Flight Strip

Was: Oxnard Air Force Base (1951–1970)

Now: Camarillo Airport

AAF Training Command

Training Command airfields in California provided Primary, Basic and Advanced (both single and multi-engine) pilot training under the Army Air Force Flying Training Command. Mather AAF provided Navigator Training. Training Command also provided technical aircraft support training to both enlisted and officer personnel at aircraft delivery fields, operated by manufacturers such as North American, Douglas, Northrup, Lockheed and Consolidated Aircraft. Santa Ana AAB provided basic indoctrination training to new enlisted personnel and also pilot qualification screening for prospective air cadets.

Gardner Army Airfield, {{convert|10|mi|km}} southeast of Taft

63d Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: Agricultural Use

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Parker Auxiliary Airfield

Conners Auxiliary Airfield

Allen Auxiliary Airfield

Maricopa Auxiliary Airfield

Taft Auxiliary Airfield

Cuyama Auxiliary Airfield

Mather Army Airfield, {{convert|10|mi|km}} east of Sacramento

67th Army Air Force Base Unit

Also used by: Air Transport Command

Was: Mather Air Force Base (1947–1993)

Now: Sacramento Mather Airport
{{Airport codes|MHR|KMHR|MHR}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Concord Army Airfield

Franklin Auxiliary Airfield

Lincoln Auxiliary Airfield

Winter-Davis Flight Strip

Elk Grove Auxiliary Airfield

Victorville Army Airfield, {{convert|6|mi|km}} northwest of Victorville

87th Army Air Force Base Unit

Was: George Air Force Base (1947–1992)

Now: Southern California Logistics Airport
{{Airport codes|VCV|KVCV}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Hawes Auxiliary Airfield

Helendale Auxiliary Airfield

Mirage Auxiliary Airfield

Grey Butte Auxiliary Airfield

Santa Ana Army Air Base,{{convert|5|mi|km}} south of Santa Ana

414th Army Air Force Base Unit

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Orange County Army Airfield

Now: John Wayne Airport
{{Airport codes|SNA|KSNA|SNA}}

Minter Field Army Airfield, {{convert|14|mi|km}} northwest of Bakersfield

64th Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: Shafter-Minter Field Airport
{{Airport codes|MIT|KMIT}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Wasco Auxiliary Airfield

Bakersfield Auxiliary Airfield

Famoso Bakersfield Auxiliary Airfield

Dunlap Auxiliary Airfield

Semi-tropic Auxiliary Airfield

Poso Auxiliary Airfield

Lost Hills Auxiliary Airfield

Coalinga Municipal Airport (Old)

Stockton Army Airfield, {{convert|3|mi|km}} south of Stockton

60th Army Air Force Base Unit

Also used by: Air Transport Command

Now: Stockton Metropolitan Airport
{{Airport codes|SCK|KSCK|SCK}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Kingsbury Auxiliary Airfield

New Jerusalem Auxiliary Airfield

Modesto Auxiliary Airfield

Tracy Auxiliary Airfield

Franklin Auxiliary Airfield

Merced Army Airfield,{{convert|6|mi|km}} northwest of Merced

HQ Continental Air Forces

90th Army Air Force Base Unit

Was: Castle Air Force Base (1947–1995)

Now: Castle Airport {{airport codes|MER|KMER|MER}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Merced Municipal Airport Auxiliary Field

Ballico Auxiliary Field

Howard Auxiliary Field

Athlone Auxiliary Field

Potter Auxiliary Field

Merced New Municipal Airport Auxiliary Field

Mariposa Auxiliary Field

AAF contract flying schools

Private flying schools operated under contract by Flying Training Command, providing primary pilot training to new air cadets. Although training was provided by civilian contractors and instruction was provided by civilian instructors, the schools were commanded by military personnel and were operated as a military base. These schools operated from early 1942 until being phased out in mid-1944. Graduates then advanced to regular Training Command flight schools for Basic and Advanced training.

Eagle Field, {{convert|7|mi|km}} southeast of Dos Palos

{{Airport codes|||CL01}}

Operated by: Coast Aviation Corporation

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Hammond Auxiliary Field

Vail Auxiliary Field

Dos Palos Emergency Field

Canal Field Auxiliary Field

Mason Auxiliary Field

Gary Field, {{convert|4|mi|km}} northwest of Blythe

Operated by: Morton Air Academy

Now: W R Byron Airport (Private) {{Airport codes|||44CA}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Ripley Auxiliary Field#1

Ripley Auxiliary Field#2

Hancock Field, {{convert|1|mi|km}} east-southeast of Santa Maria

Operated by: Allen Hancock College of Aeronautics

Now: Closed about 1959, now Allan Hancock College

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Santa Maria Auxiliary Field

La Brea Auxiliary Field

Mckinnon Auxiliary Field

Souza Auxiliary Field

Waller-Franklin Auxiliary Field

Lone Pine Airport, {{convert|1|mi|km}} southeast of Lone Pine

{{Airport codes|||026}}

Operated by: Undetermined

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Adamson Landing Field

Independence Auxiliary Field

Inyo County Auxiliary Field

King City Airport, {{convert|1|mi|km}} southeast of King City

Operated by: Undetermined

Now: Mesa Del Rey Airport {{Airport codes|KIC|KKIC|KIC}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Benard Auxiliary Field

Hanson Auxiliary Field

Sorenson Auxiliary Field

Trescony Auxiliary Field

McChesney Field, {{convert|3|mi|km}} southeast of San Luis Obispo

Operated by: Undetermined

Now: San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport {{Airport codes|SBP|KSBP|SBP}}

Rankin Field, {{convert|6|mi|km}} southeast of Tulare

Operated by: Rankin Aeronauticial Academy, Inc.

Now: Agricultural use

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Hunter Auxiliary Field

Tipton Auxiliary Field

Strathmore Auxiliary Field

Tulare Airport

Trauger Auxiliary Field

Ryan Field,{{convert|3|mi|km}} southest{{Clarify|date=August 2015}} of Hemet

Operated by: Ryan School of Aeronautics

Now: Hemet-Ryan Airport {{Airport codes|||HMT}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Banning Auxiliary Field

Highland Auxiliary Field

Ryan Auxiliary Field#1

Ryan Auxiliary Field#2

Ryan Auxiliary Field#3

Valle Vista Auxiliary Field

Gibbs Auxiliary Field

Sequoia Field, {{convert|8|mi|km}} north of Visalia

{{Airport codes|||D86}}

Operated by: Visalia-Dinuba School of Aeronautics

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Three Rivers Auxiliary Field

Ventura County Army Airfield, {{convert|2|mi|km}} west of Oxnard

Operated by: Mira Loma Flight Academy

Also used by United States Navy as a NAAS to NAS San Diego

Now: Oxnard Airport,{{airport codes|OXR|KOXR|OXR}}

War Eagle Field, {{convert|5|mi|km}} west of Lancaster

Operated by: Polaris Flight Academy

Now: Detention Facility

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Liberty Auxiliary Field

Victory Field Auxiliary Field

Air Transport Command

Airfields were used for transport of personnel, supplies and equipment. Also for ferrying replacement aircraft to overseas units (Primarily Pacific Theater and Alaska).

Fairfield-Suisun Army Airfield, {{convert|5|mi|km}} southeast of Fairfield.

Station #10, Air Transport Command, Pacific Wing

1504th Army Air Forces Base Unit

Now: Travis Air Force Base {{airport codes|SUU|KSUU|SUU}}

Oakland Municipal Airport, {{convert|6|mi|km}} northeast of Oakland

20th Ferrying Group

507th Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: Oakland International Airport {{Airport codes|OAK|KOAK}}

Reno Army Air Base Auxiliary Flight Strip, {{convert|64|mi|km}} north of Truckee.

Emergency landing field for Reno Army Air Base, Nevada (ATC)

Later: Amedee Army Airfield {{airport codes|AHC|KAHC|AHC}}

Palm Springs Army Airfield, {{convert|3|mi|km}} east of Palm Springs.

21st Ferrying Group

459th Army Air Force Base Unit

Also used by the United States Navy (Ferrying Service)

Now: Palm Springs International Airport {{airport codes|PSP|KPSP|PSP}}

San Francisco Municipal Airport, {{convert|11|mi|km}} southeast of San Francisco

Port of Embarkation

San Francisco Fighter Wing (4th Air Force)

Now:San Francisco International Airport {{Airport codes|SFO|KSFO}}

Also: Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco

Technical Service Command

Provided aircraft modification prior to overseas deployment and also depot-level repair and maintenance services. Technical Service Command also operated acceptance centers for newly manufactured aircraft in Southern California, then ATC Ferrying Command transferred the new aircraft to various airfields or modification centers prior to deployment to operational units.

McClellan Army Airfield, {{convert|9|mi|km}} northeast of Sacramento

4895th Army Air Force Base Unit

Sacramento Air Depot

Was: McClellan Air Force Base (1947–2001)

Now: McClellan Airfield {{airport codes|MCC|KMCC|MCC}}

Also: Coast Guard Air Station Sacramento

Winter-Davis Flight Strip

Redding Army Airfield

San Bernardino Army Airfield, {{convert|2|mi|km}} southeast of San Bernardino

499th Army Air Force Base Unit

San Bernardino Air Depot

Was: Norton Air Force Base (1947–1994)

Now: San Bernardino International Airport {{Airport codes|SBD|KSBD|SBD}}

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Desert Center Army Airfield

Rice Army Airfield

Gibbs Auxiliary Field

Peik Auxiliary Field

Clover Field (Santa Monica Municipal Airport), {{convert|2|mi|km}} east of Santa Monica

Delivery airport for Douglas Aircraft (A-20, B-18, C-47)

Delivery airport for Vultee Aircraft (BT-13)

Now: Santa Monica Airport {{airport codes|SMO|KSMO|SMO}}

Hawthorne Municipal Airport, {{convert|2|mi|km}} east of Hawthorne

Joint Use: United States Navy

Delivery airport for Northrop Aircraft (P-61)

Also used by Technical Training Command

Now: Jack Northrop Field/Hawthorne Municipal Airport {{Airport codes|HHR|KHHR}}

Lindbergh Field (San Diego Municipal Airport), {{convert|3|mi|km}} northof San Diego.

Delivery airport for Consolidated Aircraft (PBY, B-24)

Now: San Diego International Airport {{Airport codes|SAN|KSAN|SAN}}

Also: Coast Guard Air Station San Diego

Known sub-bases and auxiliaries

Gibbs Auxiliary Field

Peik Auxiliary Field

Lockheed Air Terminal, {{convert|3|mi|km}} west-northwest of Burbank.

Delivery airport for Lockheed Aircraft (P-38, B-17, PV-2, C-69)

Also used by Technical Training Command

Now: Bob Hope Airport {{Airport codes|BUR|KBUR}}

Long Beach Army Airfield, {{convert|4|mi|km}} northeast of Long Beach

6th Ferrying Group (Air Transport Command)

Delivery airport for Douglas Aircraft(B-17, A-26, C-47)

348th Army Air Force Base Unit

Now: Long Beach Airport {{Airport codes|LGB|KLGB|LGB}}

Lomita Landing Strip

Mines Field (Los Angeles Municipal Airport), {{convert|12|mi|km}} southwest of Los Angeles.

Delivery airport for North American Aviation(AT-6, P-51, B-25)

Delivery airport for Douglas Aircraft (SBD Dauntless)

Aerial Port of Embarkation (Air Transport Command)

Los Angeles Fighter Wing (4th Air Force)

Also used by Technical Training Command

Now: Los Angeles International Airport {{Airport codes|LAX|KLAX}}

Also: Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles

Santa Monica Municipal Airport, Santa Monica, {{convert|2|mi|km}} eastof Santa Monica.

Delivery airfield for Douglas Aircraft (C-54)

Now: Santa Monica Municipal Airport {{Airport codes|SMO|KSMO}}

Known secondary facilities

Furnace Creek Emergency Landing Field, {{convert|1|mi|km}} west of Furnace Creek (Army and Navy use)
San Jose Municipal Airport, {{convert|4|mi|km}} northwest of San Jose (Civil Air Patrol)

References

{{Portal|United States Air Force|Military of the United States|World War II}}{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}

Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. {{ISBN|0892010924}}.
Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. {{ISBN|0912799129}}.
Thole, Lou (1999), Forgotten Fields of America : World War II Bases and Training, Then and Now. Vol. 2. Pictorial Histories Pub. {{ISBN|1575100517}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517043623/http://www.airfieldsdatabase.com/ww2/ww2.htm Military Airfields in World War II – California]
{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Art|title=Runways in the Sand|year=2008|publisher=Art Wilson|location=Blythe, CA|isbn=978-0615218892|oclc=316309702|pages=128}} {{LCC|D769.85.C21 B598 2008}}

{{Refend}}{{USAAF Training Bases World War II}}{{USAAF 4th Air Force World War II}}{{DEFAULTSORT:California World War Ii Army Airfields}}

4 : Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in California|Defunct airports in California|1940s in California|California history-related lists

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