| 词条 | Henry, Count of Portugal |
| 释义 |
| name = Henry | image = Conde D. Henrique - Compendio de crónicas de reyes (Biblioteca Nacional de España).png | caption = Henry in the Castilian manuscript Compendium of Chronicles of Kings (...) (c. 1312-1325) | reign = 1096{{snd}}1112 | succession = Count of Portugal | predecessor = Raymond | successor = Afonso Henriques | birth_date = {{circa|1066}} | birth_place = Dijon, Burgundy | death_date = 12 May 1112 | death_place = Astorga, León | burial_place = Braga Cathedral, Braga, Portugal | spouse = Teresa of León | issue = Urraca Henriques Sancha Henriques Afonso I of Portugal | issue-link = | issue-pipe = | house = Portuguese House of Burgundy (founder) | father = Henry of Burgundy | religion = Roman Catholicism }} Henry (Portuguese: Henrique, French: Henri; 1066{{snd}}1112), Count of Portugal, was the first member of the Capetian House of Burgundy to rule Portugal and the father of the country's first king, Afonso Henriques. Biographical sketchFamily relationsBorn in 1066 in Dijon, Duchy of Burgundy, Count Henry was the youngest son of Henry, the second son of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=28}}{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=225}} His two older brothers, Hugh I and Odo, inherited the duchy.{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=225}} No contemporary record of his mother has survived. She was once thought to have been named Sibylla based on an undated obituary reporting the death of "Sibilla, mater ducus Burgundie" (Sibylla, mother of the Duke of Burgundy), under the reasoning that she was not called duchess herself and hence must have been the wife of Henry, the only father of a duke who never himself held the ducal title, yet this was probably a reference to her daughter-in-law, Sibylla, mother of the then-reigning Hugh II. Richard suggested that she might instead have been called Clémence.{{Sfn|Richard|1958|pp=38–9}} Whatever her name, her son Henry was kinsman (congermanus) of his brother-in-law, Raymond of Burgundy, and this relationship may have come through either, or both, of their mothers, who are both of undocumented parentage. It has been suggested that Henry's mother may have been the daughter of Reginald I, which would make her the maternal aunt of Raymond who would then be Henry’s first cousin.{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|pp=105 and 225}} This solution is problematic, as Henry's brother Odo I, Duke of Burgundy married Raymond's sister, Sibylla, and though marriages between close kin sometimes took place through dispensation, the prohibition against first-cousin marriages in church law makes it likely that the relationship between Odo and Sibylla, and hence that between Henry and Raymond, was more distant.{{Sfn|Vajay|2000|pp=2–6}} Based on the relationship between Henry and Raymond and the apparent introduction of the byname Borel into the family of the Dukes of Burgundy through this marriage, genealogist Szabolcs de Vajay suggested Henry's mother was daughter of Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona, and his wife Guisla de Lluçà.{{Sfn|Vajay|1960|pp=158–61}}{{Sfn|Vajay|1962|p=167}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|In an apparent editorial error, the Barcelona count in question is called "Raimond Berenger Ier" in Vajay's original presentation of the theory,{{Sfn|Vajay|1960|pp=160}} but the author's true intent is clear, having named the same Barcelona count correctly earlier in that paper,{{Sfn|Vajay|1960|pp=257}} while in a subsequent paper he cites his earlier work as concluding her parents were Beranger-Ramon Ier and Guisla d'Ampurias.{{Sfn|Vajay|1962|p=167}} This proposed ancestry for count Henry's mother was coupled to Vajay's hypothesis for the ancestry of Raymond of Burgundy's mother, Stephanie, that Vajay himself subsequently concluded was incorrect.{{Sfn|Vajay|2000|pp=2–6}}}} One of his paternal aunts was Constance of Burgundy, the wife of Alfonso VI of León, and one of his grand-uncles was Hugh, Abbot of Cluny, one of the most influential and venerated personalities of his time.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=28}} Count Henry’s family was very powerful and governed many cities in France such as Chalon, Auxerre, Autun, Nevers, Dijon, Mâcon and Semur.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=28}} ReconquistaAfter the defeat of the Christian troops in the Battle of Sagrajas in October 1086, in the early months of the following year, King Alfonso VI appealed for aid from Christians at the other side of the Pyrenees. Many French nobles and soldiers heeded the call, including Raymond of Burgundy, Henry's brother, Duke Odo, and Raymond of St. Gilles,{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=105}} Not all of them arrived at the same time in the Iberian Peninsula and it is most likely that Raymond of Burgundy came in 1091.{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=223}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Reilly mentions that they were already married by 1087, the year of Raymond's arrival in Spain, although the marriage did not take place until 1095.{{Sfn|Reilly|1982|p=14, chapter I}}}} Although some authors claim that Count Henry came with the expedition which arrived in 1087, even though "documentary evidence here is much more slight",{{Sfn|Reilly|1982|p=14, note 15, chapter I}} his presence is confirmed only as of 1096 when he appears confirming the fueros of Guimarães and Constantim de Panoias. Three of these French nobles married daughters of King Alfonso VI: Raymond of Burgundy married infanta Urraca, later Queen Urraca of León; Raymond of St. Gilles married Elvira; and Henry of Burgundy married Teresa of León, an illegitimate daughter of the king and his mistress Jimena Muñoz.{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=162}} Pact with his cousin Raymond of BurgundyBetween the first quarter of 1096 and the end of 1097, count Raymond, seeing that his influence in the Curia Regis was diminishing, reached an agreement with his cousin Henry of Burgundy, who had not yet been appointed governor of Portugal. The birth of King Alfonso's only son, Sancho Alfónsez, was also perceived as a threat by the two cousins. They agreed to share power, the royal treasury, and to support each other.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=28-29}} Under this agreement, which counted with the blessings of their relative, the Abbot of Cluny,{{refn|group=lower-alpha|"The undated text, which has come down to us through Cluny, consists of a short note sent to Abbot Hugo by means of a messenger named Dalmacio Geret, which includes a copy of the oaths that the two cousins had made at the behest of the aforementioned abbot".{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=226}}}} Raymond "promised his cousin under oath to hand him over the Kingdom of Toledo and one–third of the royal treasury upon the death of King Alfonso VI". If he could not deliver Toledo, he would give him Galicia. Henry, in turn, promised to help Raymond "obtain all the dominions of King Alfonso and two–thirds of the royal treasury".{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=170}}{{Sfn|Reilly|1982|p=27, note 55, chapter I}} It seems that news of this pact reached the king who, in order to counter the initiative of his two sons-in-law, appointed Henry governor of the region extending a flumine mineo usque in tagum (from the Minho River to the banks of the Tagus).{{Sfn|Reilly|1982|p=29, note 59, chapter I}} Until then, this region had been governed by count Raymond who saw his power limited to just Galicia.{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|pp=170-171}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|The pact between counts Raymond and Henry is reproduced in the work cited in the bibliography.{{Sfn|David|1948|pp=275–276}}}} {{Quote|Accordingly, both cousins instead of being allies, became rivals with conflicting interests; the succession pact went up in smoke and, henceforth, each would try to garner the favor of King Alfonso.{{Sfn|Martínez Díez|2003|p=171}}}}After the death of Alfonso VIAfter Raymond's death, Queen Urraca (Teresa's half-sister) married Alfonso the Battler for political and strategic reasons. Henry took advantage of the family conflicts and political unrest to serve on both sides and aggrandize his domains at the cost of the squabbling royal couple. Caught under siege in Astorga by the King of Aragon, then at war with Urraca, Henry held the city with the help of his sister-in-law. Henry died on 22 May 1112,{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=34}} from wounds received during the siege.{{Sfn|Reilly|1995|pp=133−134}} His remains were transferred, following his previous orders, to Braga where he was buried in a chapel at Braga Cathedral the building of which he had promoted.{{Sfn|Caetano de Souza|1735|p=37}} After his death, his widow governed the county since their son Afonso was only three years old at that time.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|pp=34-43}} LegacyCount Henry was the leader of a group of gentlemen, monks, and clerics of French origin who exerted great influence in the Iberian Peninsula, promoted many reforms and introduced several institutions from the other side of the Pyrenees, such as the customs of Cluny and the Roman Rite. They occupied relevant ecclesiastical and political positions which provoked a strong backlash during the last years of the reign of King Alfonso VI.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=29}} Marriage and issueHe married Teresa of León around 1095.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=25}} From Teresa, Henry had two sons and three daughters of whom three survived to adulthood:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Henry, Count of Portugal |2= 2. Henry of Burgundy |3= |4= 4. Robert I, Duke of Burgundy |5= 5. Helie of Semur |6= |7= |8= 8. Robert II of France |9= 9. Constance of Arles |10= 10. Dalmas, Lord of Semur |11= 11. Aremburge of Burgundy |12= |13= |14= |15= |16= 16. Hugh Capet |17= 17. Adelaide of Aquitaine |18= 18. William I of Provence |19= 19. Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou |20= |21= |22= 22. Henry I, Duke of Burgundy |23= 23. Mathilde of Châlon |24= |25= |26= |27= |28= |29= |30= |31= }} NotesReferences{{reflist|2}}Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal}}
|-{{s-vac|last=Nuno Mendes}}{{s-ttl|title=Count of Portugal|years=1096–1112|regent1=Theresa|years1=1096–1112}}{{s-aft|after=Afonso|as=co-ruler with Theresa}}{{s-end}}{{Counts of Portugal}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry, Count Of Portugal}} 12 : Portuguese monarchs|Portuguese people of French descent|People of the Reconquista|Roman Catholic monarchs|House of Burgundy|Burials at Braga Cathedral|1066 births|1112 deaths|Counts of Portugal (Asturias-León)|County of Portugal|11th-century rulers of Portugal|12th-century rulers of Portugal |
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