| 词条 | Cannone navale da 381/40 | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Cannone navale da 381/40 | image = | caption = 381 mm guns in the Ansaldo factory | origin = Italy | type = naval gun, coastal defense gun, railroad gun | is_ranged = y | is_explosive = y | is_artillery = y | service =1916–45 | used_by = Italy | wars = | designer = | design_date = 1913–16 | manufacturer = | unit_cost = | production_date = | number = about 24 | variants = | spec_label = | weight = {{convert|68|-|93.5|LT|MT|abbr=on}} | length = about {{convert|15.75|m|0|abbr=on}} | part_length = abt {{convert|15.24|m|0|abbr=on}} | width = | height = | diameter = | crew = | cartridge = | cartridge_weight = {{convert|884|kg|0|abbr=on}} (HE) | caliber = {{convert|381|mm|0|abbr=on}} | barrels = | action = | rate = | velocity = {{convert|700|-|770|m/s|0|abbr=on}} | range = {{convert|24000|m|0|abbr=on}} | max_range = | feed = | sights = | breech = interrupted screw | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = | traverse = | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = }} The Cannone navale da 381/40 was an Italian naval gun ordered in 1913 to equip the battleships of the {{sclass-|Francesco Caracciolo|battleship|4}}. The ships were cancelled in 1916 and the guns intended for them were diverted to other uses. Seven were turned over to the Army and turned into railroad guns, a number were used as coastal defense guns and the rest were used on monitors to provide naval gunfire support for the Army. Most of the monitors were disarmed after World War I and their guns were transferred to coastal batteries, but the railroad guns and the coast defense guns were used throughout World War II. DevelopmentItaly planned a class of four dreadnought battleships to succeed the two ships of the {{sclass-|Andrea Doria|battleship|4}} to be armed with {{convert|381|mm|0|abbr=on}} guns to match the British {{sclass-|Queen Elizabeth|battleship|4}}. The Italians ordered thirty guns in 1913, ten each from Ansaldo-Schneider, Armstrong-Pozzuoli, and Vickers-Terni. The guns had identical ballistic performance, but differed in construction. The government favored the English design and ordered another ten in 1914 from Armstrong-Pozzvoli despite the fact that the Ansaldo guns only weighed {{convert|63|LT|MT|0|abbr=on}} compared to the Armstrong's {{convert|84|LT|MT|0|abbr=on}}.[1] The gun fired an {{convert|884|kg|0|abbr=on}} armor-piercing at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|700|m/s|0|abbr=on}} to a range of {{convert|19800|m|0|abbr=on}} at an elevation of 20°. Mounts that were altered to allow 30° elevation had a maximum range of {{convert|27300|m|0|abbr=on}}. The rate of fire depended on the mount, but did not exceed 1.5–2 rounds per minute.[2] The Francesco Caracciolo class were laid down in 1914–15, but the entry of Italy into World War I in 1915 forced her to suspend construction in favor of higher-priority construction and because of material shortages. This freed up their guns to be used for other purposes. UseRailroad gunsSeven of the Ansaldo guns were transferred to the Army and turned into railroad guns. The gun plus its mount weighed {{convert|212|t|ton|0}} and was {{convert|24.5|m|0}} long. The gun could elevate to a maximum of 25° and it could traverse 2° on its mount. It fired high explosive shells weighing {{convert|730|kg|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|876|kg|0|abbr=on}} to ranges of {{convert|33.6|km|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=on}} respectively. It also fired a {{convert|884.5|kg|0|abbr=on}} armor-piercing shell to a range of {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=on}}.[3] The guns were delivered during 1916–17, but little is known about their service in World War I. They served into World War II, but, again, little is known of their service.[4] Naval gunsTwo Ansaldo guns were mounted on the monitor {{ship|Italian monitor|Faà di Bruno||2}} in 1917. Coast defense gunsOne twin turret was installed at Almalfi battery on the Cavallino coast (North East of Venice) during World War 1, becoming operational in May 1917.[5] Two twin turrets were installed at Brindisi; the batteries Benedetto Brin in 1917 and Fratelli Bandiera in 1923.[6] Photo GallerySee also
References1. ^Clerici, et al., pp. 151–52 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_15-40_m1914.htm|title=Italian 381 mm/40 (15") Model 1914 |date=9 October 2006|accessdate=18 November 2009}} 3. ^Kosar, p. 234 4. ^Clerici, et al., p. 154 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cavallino.info/en/content/pag/The-Amalfi-Battery-during-the-Great-War_49.aspx|title=The Amalfi Battery during the Great War|accessdate=27 October 2011}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751804655|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|last=Friedman|first=Norman|date=2011|publisher=Seaforth Pub|year=|isbn=9781848321007|location=S. Yorkshire|pages=231-232|oclc=751804655}} Sources
External links
8 : Naval guns of Italy|Railway guns|World War I weapons of Italy|World War I artillery of Italy|World War II artillery of Italy|380 mm artillery|Coastal artillery|Gio. Ansaldo & C. artillery |
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