| 词条 | Heppner, Oregon |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Heppner, Oregon |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = Museum Building (Morrow County, Oregon scenic images) (morD0092).jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = The Agricultural Collection Building of the Morrow County Museum in Heppner |image_flag = |image_seal = Heppner Oregon City Seal.png |nickname = Gateway to the Blues |motto = |image_map = Morrow_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Heppner_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in Oregon |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |coordinates = {{coord|45|21|22|N|119|33|10|W|type:city(1395)_region:US-OR_source:gnis-1121763_elevation:596_dim:800|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name1 = Oregon |subdivision_name2 = Morrow |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = 1887 |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Jim Kindle |area_footnotes = [1] |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 3.21 |area_total_sq_mi = 1.24 |area_land_km2 = 3.19 |area_land_sq_mi = 1.23 |area_water_km2 = 0.03 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.01 |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |elevation_ft = 2192 |population_total = 1291 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = [2] |population_density_km2 = 405.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 1049.6 |population_est = 1289 |pop_est_as_of = 2012[1] |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_note = |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 97836 |area_code = 458 and 541 |website = www.cityofheppner.com |footnotes = |timezone = Pacific |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = Pacific |utc_offset_DST = -7 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 41-33550[2] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1121763[2] }} Heppner is an incorporated city and the county seat of Morrow County, Oregon, United States. As of 2010, the population was 1,291.[3] Heppner is part of the Pendleton-Hermiston Micropolitan Area. Heppner is named after Henry Heppner, a prominent Jewish-American businessman. HistoryNative American settlementNative Americans lived and traveled along the land between the Columbia Gorge and the Blue Mountains for more than 10,000 years prior to European-American settlement. Ancient petroglyphs have been found approximately 45 miles (72 km.) north of Heppner in Irrigon and Boardman.[4] In 1855, the U.S. Government and the predominant tribes in the region—the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla—signed a treaty whereby the tribes gave up, or ceded, to the United States more than 6.4 million acres in what is now northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington.[5] European-American settlementPrior to Heppner's founding in 1872, European-American ranchers used the area as sheep and cattle range as early as 1858. Records suggest these early cattlemen found abundant rye grass along creek bottoms.[6] Heppner was originally called Standsbury Flats for George W. Standsbury, one of the first European-American settlers in the area.[7][8][9] In 1872, Colonel (Col.) Jackson Lee Morrow, a merchant, entered into a partnership with Henry Heppner, a prominent Jewish businessman,[10] and they built a store on the crossing of the present May and Main streets.[9][6][7] Soon thereafter, a mail and stagecoach line began operations between Pendleton and The Dalles and passed through Heppner.[11] Col. Jackson Lee Morrow was later elected to the Oregon legislative assembly and was instrumental in helping to carve out a new county for Heppner from neighboring Umatilla County and a portion of Wasco County.[12] The assembly named the new county in Morrow's honor.[11] Heppner was designated the temporary county seat at the time the county was created and narrowly defeated nearby Lexington in an election held in 1886 to determine the permanent county seat.[7][13] Heppner was incorporated in the following year on February 9, 1887.[14][9] In 1888, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company completed a railroad spur from the Columbia River up the Willow Creek drainage to Heppner.[11] The Historic Morrow County Courthouse was built in 1902-03 and is one of the oldest continuously used courthouses in Oregon.[15] In 1985, the courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[16] Flood of June 1903{{main|Heppner Flood of 1903}}Heppner was almost destroyed by a flash flood on Sunday, June 14, 1903.[17] The flood was precipitated by a sudden cloudburst and accompanying hail that caused a debris dam collapse and flash flooding, notably on Willow Creek.[17] A wall of water and debris swept down the creeks and canyons and through the city. It has been estimated that 238 people (a quarter of the city's population) drowned, making it the deadliest natural disaster in Oregon's history.[17] Property damage was reported at nearly $1 million. The nearby cities of Ione and Lexington also sustained significant damage.[17] In 1983, the Willow Creek Dam at the outskirts of the city was finished.[17] Post-flood recoveryThe railroad and a growing network of roads had by the early decades of the 20th century made Heppner a trade center and distribution point for regional farm products including wheat, alfalfa, sheep, cattle, horses, and hogs. Despite the flood and two fires in 1918 that destroyed City Hall, the Palace Hotel, the library, many businesses, and more than 30 homes, the community rebuilt. One of its creations, the Heppner Hotel, opened in 1920 and, housing a variety of businesses over the years, it served as a community gathering place through 1972, when its last restaurant closed.[11] Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 318 |1890= 675 |1900= 1146 |1910= 880 |1920= 1324 |1930= 1190 |1940= 1140 |1950= 1648 |1960= 1661 |1970= 1429 |1980= 1498 |1990= 1412 |2000= 1395 |2010= 1291 |estyear=2016 |estimate=1297 |estref=[18] |footnote=source:[19][20] }} Census estimatesAs of July 1, 2016, the annual estimate of the resident population of Heppner was 1,297.[21] 2010 CensusAs of the census of 2010, there were 1,291 people, 559 households, and 370 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1049.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 647 housing units at an average density of {{convert|526.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 92.5% White, 0.2% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 2.6% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.[19] There were 559 households of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.8% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.78.[19] The median age in the city was 45.9 years. 22.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.6% were from 25 to 44; 29.8% were from 45 to 64; and 21.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.[19] 2000 CensusAs of the census of 2000, there were 1,395 people, 583 households, and 398 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,138.5 people per square mile (437.9/km²). There were 660 housing units at an average density of 538.7 per square mile (207.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.70% White, 1.00% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 1.51% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of the population.[19] There were 583 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.88.[19] In the city, the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.[19] The median income for a household in the city was $33,421, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $37,381 versus $20,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,729. About 11.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.[19] GeographyHeppner is at an elevation of {{convert|2192|ft|m}}[2] between the Columbia River to the north and the Blue Mountains to the southeast.[22] The city is along Oregon Route 74, about {{convert|60|mi|km}} southwest of Pendleton and {{convert|185|mi|km}} east of Portland.[22][23] Route 74 forms part of the Blue Mountain Scenic Byway, a {{convert|130|mi|km|adj=on}} set of roads connecting Interstate 84 (I-84) along the Columbia River with the North Fork John Day River in the Blue Mountains. Part of the route follows the Willow Creek drainage through Heppner.[24] Heppner is upstream of Lexington, Ione, and Arlington.[22] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|1.24|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|1.23|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.01|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[25] Climate{{Weather box|location = Heppner, Oregon (1981–2010) |single line = Y |Jan high F = 43.3 |Feb high F = 47.3 |Mar high F = 55.1 |Apr high F = 61.3 |May high F = 69.2 |Jun high F = 76.9 |Jul high F = 85.9 |Aug high F = 85.7 |Sep high F = 76.6 |Oct high F = 64.3 |Nov high F = 50.7 |Dec high F = 41.2 |year high F = 63.1 |Jan low F = 27.8 |Feb low F = 29.1 |Mar low F = 33.9 |Apr low F = 37.4 |May low F = 43.7 |Jun low F = 49.0 |Jul low F = 53.7 |Aug low F = 53.5 |Sep low F = 46.9 |Oct low F = 38.7 |Nov low F = 32.6 |Dec low F = 26.1 |year low F = 39.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 1.43 |Feb precipitation inch = 1.11 |Mar precipitation inch = 1.49 |Apr precipitation inch = 1.50 |May precipitation inch = 1.68 |Jun precipitation inch = 1.36 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.34 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.37 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.54 |Oct precipitation inch = 1.13 |Nov precipitation inch = 1.59 |Dec precipitation inch = 1.34 |year precipitation inch= 13.88 |Jan snow inch = 3.9 |Feb snow inch = 2.3 |Mar snow inch = 0.4 |Apr snow inch = 0.1 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.2 |Nov snow inch = 1.0 |Dec snow inch = 4.2 |year snow inch = 12.2 |source 1 = NOAA[26] |date=May 2013 }} Annual cultural eventsHeppner hosts an annual "A Wee Bit O'Ireland" celebration around Saint Patrick's Day.[27][28] The city also hosts the annual Blue Mountain Century Bikeway, a scenic bicycle ride loop of approximately 108 miles starting and ending in Heppner.[29][30] Economy and educationAs of 2002, the five largest employers in Heppner were Morrow County, the Morrow County Health District, the Morrow County School District, the Heppner Ranger District, and the Bank of Eastern Oregon.[23] Heppner is served by the [https://www.morrow.k12.or.us/ Morrow School District], which includes [https://hhs.morrow.k12.or.us/ Heppner Junior/Senior High School] and [https://hes.morrow.k12.or.us/ Heppner Elementary].[31] Heppner is also served by the Heppner Branch of the Oregon Trail Library District, part of Oregon's Sage Library System. GovernmentLocalHeppner is a municipal corporation with the official name City of Heppner per the 1996 Heppner Charter. The powers of the city are vested in the city council which consists of a mayor and six council members each nominated and elected from the city at large or, in case of one or more vacancies in the council, the council members whose offices are not vacant. The mayor serves two-year terms and the council members serve four-year terms. Heppner also maintains a city manager who is appointed by, and may be removed by, a majority of the entire city council. The appointment of city manager is made without regard to political considerations and solely on the basis of administrative qualifications. The mayor votes as a council member with no appointive powers.[32] As of September 2017, Cody High serves as mayor. Council members include Teresa Hughes, John Bowles, Corey Sweeney, Dale Bates, Joanne Burleson, and Adam Doherty. Edie Ball serves as the City Manager.[33] StateHeppner is part of Oregon State House District 57 which includes Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, and Wasco counties and of Oregon State Senate District 29 which includes Gilliam, Morrow Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, and parts of Wasco counties. As of September 2017, Representative Greg Smith (R) serves Heppner in the Oregon State House and Senator Bill Hansell (R) serves Heppner in the Oregon State Senate.[34][35] FederalHeppner is part of Oregon's Second Congressional District. As of September 2017, Heppner is represented by U.S. Rep. Greg Walden (R). Separately, congressional senators for Oregon include Jeff Merkley (D) and Ron Wyden (D). Notable people
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Population Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=June 2, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa?url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html |archivedate=June 17, 2013 |df= }} 2. ^1 {{cite web | work = Geographic Names Information System| publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = November 28, 1980 | url ={{Gnis3|1121763}}| title = Heppner| accessdate =July 19, 2013}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pdx.edu/prc/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/2010%20SF1%20Cities%20H-L.pdf|title=2010 Census Profiles - Oregon Cities Alphabetically H‐L|last=|first=|date=August 2011|website=Population Research Center|publisher=Portland State University (PDX) - College of Urban and Public Affairs|access-date=}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.co.morrow.or.us/planning/page/columbia-river-heritage-trail|title=Columbia River Heritage Trail|last=|first=|date=|website=Morrow County Oregon|access-date=}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ctuir.org/treaty-1855|title=Treaty of 1855|last=|first=|date=|website=Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation|publisher=Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla people|access-date=}} 6. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Oregon|last=Capace|first=Nancy|publisher=Somerset Publishers|year=1999|isbn=0403098408|location=|pages=}} 7. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://sos.oregon.gov/archives/records/county/Pages/morrow-history.aspx|title=Morrow County History|last=|first=|date=|website=Oregon Secretary of State - State Archives|access-date=}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Oregon Geographic Names|last=McArthur|first=Lewis A.|author2=Lewis L. McArthur|publisher=Oregon Historical Society Press|year=2003|isbn=0-87595-277-1|edition=7th|location=Portland, Oregon|pages=463–64|authorlink=Lewis A. McArthur|origyear=1928}} 9. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.heppnerchamber.com/history|title=History of Heppner|last=|first=|date=|website=Heppner Chamber of Commerce|publisher=Heppner Chamber of Commerce|access-date=}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.jmaw.org/heppner-jewish-oregon/|title=Henry Heppner, Early Pioneer Jewish Businessman of Heppner, Oregon|last=|first=|date=October 7, 2015|website=Jewish Museum of the American West|publisher=The Western States Jewish History Association|access-date=}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=82001511}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Heppner Hotel|last=Hedman|first=Arnie|author2=Belsma, Ronnie|date=April 23, 1982|publisher=National Park Service|format=PDF|accessdate=July 20, 2013|author3=Lynch, James}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://wpmu.library.oregonstate.edu/osu_archives/2011/07/06/extension-in-north-eastern-oregon/|title=Extension in Northeastern Oregon|last=|first=|date=July 6, 2011|website=Oregon State University Libraries - Special Collections & Archives Research Center|access-date=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=85000366}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Morrow County Courthouse|last=Lynch|first=James E.|author2=Derickson, Patrick M.|date=August 17, 1984|publisher=National Park Service|format=PDF|accessdate=July 18, 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.orinfrastructure.org/profiles/Heppner/|title=Heppner Community Profile|year=2009|publisher=Infrastructure Finance Authority|accessdate=July 18, 2013}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.heppnerchamber.com/history-courthouse|title=Historic Morrow County Courthouse|last=|first=|date=|website=Heppner Chamber|publisher=Heppner Chamber of Commerce|access-date=}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/AssetDetail?assetID=ab145138-e51a-4d48-bd05-abc1db79c314|title=Morrow County Courthouse|last=|first=|date=February 28, 1985|website=National Register of Historic Places Digital Archive|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/books/index.ssf/2009/09/calamity_discovering_oregons_d.html|title= 'Calamity' : Discovering Oregon's Deadliest Natural Disaster|last=Baker|first=Jeff|date=September 2, 2009|work=The Oregonian|accessdate=September 3, 2009}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml|accessdate=June 20, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210041242/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml|archivedate=December 10, 2014|df= }} 20. ^{{cite book|last=Moffatt|first=Riley Moore|title=Population History of Western U.S. Cities and Towns, 1850–1990|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=1996|page=210|isbn=978-0-8108-3033-2}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2016/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html|title=Oregon - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016|last=U.S. Census Bureau|first=|date=|website=City and Town Population Totals Tables: 2010-2016|access-date=}} 22. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=The 2013 Road Atlas|publisher=Rand McNally|isbn=978-052-80062-2-7|location=Chicago, Illinois|pages=84, 85}} 23. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.orinfrastructure.org/profiles/Heppner/|title=Heppner Community Profile|year=2009|publisher=Oregon Infrastructure Finance Authority|accessdate=July 19, 2013}} 24. ^{{cite book|title=Backroads of Oregon: Your Guide to Oregon's Most Scenic Backroad Adventures|last=Ostertag|first=Rhonda|publisher=Voyageur Press|year=2004|isbn=0-89658-081-4|location=Stillwater, Minnesota|pages=105–06}} 25. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 20, 2013}} 26. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pdt | title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = May 5, 2013}} 27. ^{{cite news|last=Malgesini|first=Tammy|title=Leprechauns Plan Wee Bit o’ Fun|url=http://www.eastoregonian.com/news/leprechauns-plan-wee-bit-o-fun/article_b2432078-4b44-11e0-8ea0-001cc4c002e0.html|work=East Oregonian|date=March 10, 2011|location=Pendleton, Oregon|accessdate=June 20, 2013}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=31st Annual "A Wee Bit O'Ireland"|url=http://www.heppnerchamber.com/stpattysday|publisher=Heppner Chamber of Commerce|accessdate=July 19, 2013}} 29. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.heppnerchamber.com/recreation-cycling|title=Blue Mountain Century Bikeway {{!}} Heppner Chamber of Commerce|website=www.heppnerchamber.com|language=en|access-date=2017-09-18}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.oregon.gov/oprd/BIKE/Pages/BMCSB_main.aspx|title=Oregon Parks and Recreation Department: Scenic Bikeways Blue Mountain Century Scenic Bikeway|website=www.oregon.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2017-09-18}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://morrow.k12.or.us/schools|title=Our Schools|year=2012|publisher=Morrow County School District|accessdate=June 28, 2012}} 32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sterlingcodifiers.com/codebook/index.php?book_id=952|title=Sterling Codifiers, Inc.|website=www.sterlingcodifiers.com|access-date=2017-09-18}} 33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityofheppner.com/citycouncil|title=City Council & Meetings {{!}} City of Heppner|website=www.cityofheppner.com|language=en|access-date=2017-09-18}} 34. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/smithg|title=Representative Greg Smith|last=|first=|date=|website=GOP - District 57 (Umatilla, Morrow, Gilliam, Sherman & Wasco Counties)|access-date=}} 35. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/hansell|title=Senator Bill Hansell|last=|first=|date=|website=Official Oregon Legislature Website|access-date=}} Further reading
External links{{commonscat-inline}}
6 : Heppner, Oregon|County seats in Oregon|Cities in Morrow County, Oregon|Cities in Oregon|Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area|1887 establishments in Oregon |
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