“Heraklion International Airport”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Bluebird Airways
Sky Express

| focus_city =

Aegean Airlines
Ellinair

| elevation-f = 115
| elevation-m = 35
| coordinates = {{coord|35|20|23|N|25|10|49|E|type:airport_region:GR-91|display=inline,title}}
| website =
|metric-rwy = Y
|r1-number = 09/27
|r1-length-f = 8,800
|r1-length-m = 2,714
|r1-surface = Asphalt
|r2-number = 12/30
|r2-length-f = 5,138
|r2-length-m = 1,566
|r2-surface = Asphalt
|stat-year = 2018
|stat1-header = Passengers
|stat1-data = 8,098,465
|stat2-header = Passenger traffic change
|stat2-data = {{increase}} 10.4%
|stat3-header = Aircraft movements
|stat3-data = 55,680
|stat4-header = Aircraft movements change
|stat4-data = {{increase}} 8.9%
|footnotes = Sources: Runways^[1] Statistics: Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority^[2]
}}

Heraklion International Airport "Nikos Kazantzakis" {{airport codes|HER|LGIR}} is the primary airport on the island of Crete, Greece, and the country's second busiest airport after Athens International Airport. It is located about 5 km east of the main city centre of Heraklion, near the municipality of Nea Alikarnassos. It is a shared civil/military facility. The airport is named after Heraklion native Nikos Kazantzakis, a Greek writer and philosopher. Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is Crete's main and busiest airport, serving Heraklion (Ηράκλειο), Aghios Nikolaos (Άγιος Νικόλαος), Malia (Mάλλια), Hersonissos (Χερσόνησος), Stalida (Σταλίδα), Elounda (Ελούντα) and other resorts.

History

The airport first opened in March 1939. This was then merely a piece of flat agricultural land. The first aeroplane (a Junkers Ju 52) carried the first passengers to the site. During the Second World War operations ceased, but in the fall of 1946 traffic resumed, introducing the DC-3 aircraft.^[3]

At first, the airport only offered very basic service, with only primitive installations on the site, in the form of three tents, smoke for wind determination and storm lamps for runway lighting.

In 1947, the first (small) terminal was erected. Hellenic Airlines started commercial flights in 1948. At that time, a total of 4,000 people were served. The year 1953 saw the construction of a paved runway which was initially 1,850 meters long and oriented as 09/27. The next major event followed in 1954, when a four-engined DC-4 aircraft landed for the first time at the airport. In that year the airport handled approximately 18,000 passengers. From 1957 onward, the new Olympic Airways used the airport, starting services with the DC-6 aircraft. Jojo AIr also flew here but ended service on July 2, 2001.

From 1968 until 1971, the runway was extended to 2,680 meters and a new terminal and other facilities were constructed, essentially making it a new airport. On March 18, 1971, the first charter flight from abroad (British Airways) operated at the airport. The new airport itself was officially inaugurated on May 5, 1972.

Terminal Extension

The latest airport expansion projects began in October 2017. The projects will be entirely financed by the Duty Free Shops SA, in agreement with the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport and the Hellenic Ministry of Waters, without any cost to the Greek government, include:^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

the redesign of the layout of the ground and the first floors of the airport
the expansion of the terminal by 2,900 m²), an extension of 17 meters to the airside
the renovation of a further 8,000 m²) within the existing terminal
the increase in the number of gates for arrivals and departures of passengers
integration of the arrival hall
the modification of a luggage belt, so that passengers are not required to queues for their receipt
improve the operation of electronic ticketing
upgrading the video ad system
the modernization of air conditioning in the arrivals hall (budget 700.000 Euros)

The latest extension began on October 2017 and was completed on 30 March 2018, in time for the airport's high season.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Further events

Year	Event
1973–1975	Construction of aircraft hangars and service roads
1988	Inauguration of new international departure and arrivals lounges (900 m²)
1992	Completion of new international arrivals lounge
1994	Operation of new international departures lounge (2,000 m²)
1996	Completion of airport expansion by 11,700 m²
1997	Operation of new international departures lounge (5,000 m²)
2005	Completion of airport expansion by 18,985 m²
2018	Expansion of the terminal by 2,900 m² and renovation of a further 8,000 m²

Airlines and destinations

{{Airport destination list
| Aegean Airlines | Athens, Thessaloniki
Seasonal: Beirut, Bordeaux, Brest,^[11] Deauville, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Larnaca, Lyon, Marseille, Metz/Nancy, Munich, Nantes, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Stuttgart, Toulouse, Zürich,^[12] Yerevan
Seasonal charter: Kiev–Boryspil,^[13] Leipzig/Halle,^[13] Tbilisi^[14]
| Aeroflot | Seasonal: Moscow–Sheremetyevo
| Air France | Seasonal: Paris–Charles de Gaulle (begins 17 July 2019)
| Air Mediterranean | Seasonal charter: Gdańsk,^[16] Katowice,^[16] Wrocław^[16]
| Air Moldova | Seasonal charter: Chișinău^[15]
| AirBaltic | Seasonal charter: Riga^[16]
| Albawings | Seasonal: Tirana (begins 8 June 2019)^[17]
| Alitalia | Seasonal: Rome–Fiumicino^[18]
| Armenia Aircompany | Seasonal: Yerevan
| {{nowrap|ASL Airlines France}} | Seasonal Charter: Lyon,^[19] Manchester^[20]
| Astra Airlines | Thessaloniki
Seasonal: Dresden, Munich
| Austrian Airlines | Seasonal: Vienna
Seasonal charter: Graz,^[21] Linz,^[21] Salzburg^[21]
| Blu-express |Seasonal: Bergamo,^[22] Rome–Fiumicino
| BlueBird Airways | Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion
| British Airways | Seasonal: London–Gatwick^[23]
| Brussels Airlines | Seasonal: Brussels^[24]
| Bulgaria Air | Seasonal charter: Sofia^[25]
| Condor | Seasonal: Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, Leipzig/Halle, Munich, Stuttgart
| Corendon Airlines Europe^[26] | Seasonal: Berlin–Tegel, Bremen (begins 14 April 2019), Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Graz (begins 10 May 2019), Hamburg (begins 27 April 2019), Hannover, Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden, Leipzig/Halle, Linz, Münster/Osnabrück (begins 14 April 2019), Nuremberg, Paderborn/Lippstadt, Stuttgart (begins 13 August 2019), Vienna, Zürich
| {{nowrap|Corendon Dutch Airlines}}^[27] | Seasonal: Amsterdam, Brussels, Groningen, Maastricht/Aachen, Rotterdam
| Cyprus Airways | Larnaca (resumes 20 April 2019)^[28]
| easyJet | Seasonal: Berlin–Schönefeld, Bordeaux, Bristol, Edinburgh, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, Manchester, Milan–Malpensa, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
| easyJet Switzerland | Seasonal: Geneva
| Edelweiss Air | Seasonal: Zürich
| Ellinair | Athens, Thessaloniki
Seasonal: Belgrade,^[29] Katowice, Kiev–Boryspil, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Santorini, Saint Petersburg, Tbilisi,^[29] Warsaw–Chopin
Seasonal charter: Mineralnye Vody,^[30]
| Enter Air | Seasonal charter: Katowice,^[31] Warsaw-Chopin,^[31] Wrocław^[31]
| Eurowings | Seasonal: Berlin–Tegel, Cologne/Bonn, Dusseldorf, Hamburg, Hannover, Munich, Nuremberg, Salzburg, Stuttgart, Vienna
| Finnair | Seasonal: Helsinki
| FlyOne | Seasonal charter: Chișinău^[15]
| Germania Flug | Seasonal: Zürich
| Iberia Express | Seasonal: Madrid
| Jet2.com | Seasonal: Belfast-International, Birmingham,^[32] East Midlands, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds/Bradford, London–Stansted,^[33] Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne
| Lauda | Seasonal: Düsseldorf^[34]
| Lufthansa | Seasonal: Frankfurt (begins 13 April 2019),^[35] Munich
| Luxair | Seasonal: Luxembourg
| Neos | Seasonal: Bergamo, Bologna, Milan–Malpensa, Rome–Fiumicino, Verona^[36]
| NordStar | Seasonal charter: Moscow–Domodedovo (begins 19 May 2019)^[37]
| Nordwind Airlines | Seasonal charter: Chelyabinsk,^[48] Kaliningrad,^[48] Kazan,^[48] Krasnodar,^[48] Moscow–Sheremetyevo,^[48] Nizhny Novgorod,^[48] Novosibirsk,^[48] Omsk,^[48] Perm,^[48] Rostov-on-Don-Platov,^[48] Saint Petersburg,^[48] Samara,^[48] Ufa,^[48] Voronezh,^[48] Yekaterinburg^[38]
| Norwegian Air Shuttle | Seasonal: Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo–Gardermoen, Stockholm–Arlanda
| Ryanair | Seasonal: Bergamo (begins 2 June 2019), Berlin–Tegel (begins 1 April 2019),^[39], Bologna (begins 3 May 2019), Milan–Malpensa (begins 3 June 2019)
| Ryanair Sun | Seasonal charter: Katowice,^[31] Poznań,^[31] Warsaw-Chopin^[31]
| Sky Express | Athens, Kos, Rhodes, Zakynthos^[40]
Seasonal: Paros^[41]
| SkyUp | Seasonal charter: Kiev–Boryspil (begins 24 April 2019)^[42]
| SmartLynx Airlines | Seasonal charter: Riga^[43]
| SmartLynx Airlines Estonia | Seasonal charter: Tallinn^[43]^[44]
| Smartwings |Seasonal: Brno, Budapest, Debrecen,^[45] Lille,^[46] Ostrava, Pardubice, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague
| Smartwings Poland | Seasonal charter: Katowice,^[47] Poznań,^[48] Warsaw–Chopin,^[48] Wrocław^[31]
| Smartwings Slovakia | Seasonal: Bratislava
| SunExpress Deutschland | Seasonal: Düsseldorf, Frankfurt,^[49] Hannover,^[50] Leipzig/Halle,^[51] Munich, Nuremberg, Stuttgart^[49]
| Sundair | Seasonal: Bremen (begins 2 September 2019), Dresden (begins 3 May 2019)
| {{nowrap|Swiss International Air Lines}} | Seasonal: Geneva
| Thomas Cook Airlines | Seasonal: Birmingham, Bristol, East Midlands, Glasgow, London–Gatwick, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne
| Transavia | Seasonal: Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Groningen, Rotterdam
| Transavia France | Seasonal: Lyon, Nantes, Paris–Orly
| TUI Airways | Seasonal: Birmingham, Bournemouth (begins 3 May 2019),^[52] Bristol, Cardiff, Doncaster/Sheffield, East Midlands, Exeter,^[52] Glasgow, London–Gatwick, London-Luton (begins 2 May 2019),^[52] London–Stansted, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Norwich^[52]
Seasonal charter: Dublin^[53]
| TUI fly Belgium | Seasonal: Brussels, Charleroi, Ostend/Bruges, Strasbourg
| TUI fly Deutschland | Seasonal: Basel/Mulhouse, Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hannover, Munich, Nuremberg, Paderborn/Lippstadt (begins 6 May 2019),^[54] Saarbrücken, Vienna
| {{nowrap|TUI fly Netherlands}}| Seasonal: Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Groningen, Rotterdam
| Ural Airlines| Seasonal charter: Yekaterinburg^[89]
| Volotea |Athens
Seasonal: Bari, Marseille, Naples, Palermo, Venice, Verona
| Vueling | Seasonal: Barcelona, Rome–Fiumicino
| Windrose Airlines | Seasonal charter: Kiev–Boryspil^[55]
| Wizz Air | Seasonal: Budapest
| Yakutia Airlines | Seasonal charter: Moscow–Vnukovo^[56]
}}

Statistics

Busiest routes

reason=Broken reference copied from another airport's table|date=March 2017}}
Rank	Destination	Airport(s)	Summer 2016	Top carriers
1	United Kingdom}} London	LGW, LTN, STN	43	British Airways, easyJet, TUI Airways, Thomas Cook Airlines
2	France}} Paris	CDG, ORY	32	Aegean Airlines, Air France, easyJet, Transavia France
3	Russia}} Moscow	DME, SVO, VKO	32	Aegean Airlines, Aeroflot, Ellinair, Siberian Airlines, Ural Airlines
4	Czech Republic}} Prague	PRG	30	Aegean Airlines, SmartWings
5	Italy}} Milan	MXP, LIN	28	Aegean Airlines, Alitalia, easyJet
6	Germany}} Frankfurt	FRA	28	Aegean Airlines, Condor
7	Germany}} Düsseldorf	DUS	28	Aegean Airlines, Air Berlin, Condor, Eurowings
8	Belgium}} Brussels	BRU	24	Aegean Airlines, Brussels Airlines, Jetairfly
9	Austria}} Vienna	VIE	23	Aegean Airlines, Austrian Airlines, NIKI (airline)
10	Germany}} Munich	MUC	22	Aegean Airlines, Air Berlin, Condor, Lufthansa

Traffic figures

Historical annual traffic statistics^[57]

Year	Flights	Passengers	Passengers Change (%)
2001	39,290	5,046,726	{{decrease}} 2.0
2002	36,664	4,791,729	{{decrease}} 5.1
2003	39,523	4,833,507	{{increase}} 0.9
2004	38,170	4,712,508	{{decrease}} 2,5
2005	38,266	4,932,911	{{increase}} 4.7
2006	43,740	5,345,652	{{increase}} 8.4
2007	46,012	5,438,369	{{increase}} 1.7
2008	45,280	5,437,068	{{decrease}} 0.02
2009	44,842	5,052,840	{{decrease}} 7.1
2010	42,396	4,907,337	{{decrease}} 2.9
2011	44,520	5,292,687	{{increase}} 7.9
2012	40,856	5,076,329	{{decrease}} 4.6
2013	43,544	5,792,429	{{increase}} 14.7
2014	43,637	6,024,958	{{increase}} 5.2
2015	43,970	6,057,355	{{increase}} 0.5
2016	47,804	6,742,746	{{increase}} 11.3
2017	51,114	7,336,783	{{increase}} 8.8
2018	55,680	8,098,465	{{increase}} 10.4
2019 (Jan)	967	98,146	{{decrease}} 0.5

Other facilities

The airline Bluebird Airways has its head office at the airport.^[58]

Trivia

It is often requested by airlines that passengers do not take any photographs or video of the runway. This is because of a Hellenic Air Force base (126 CG) which operates at the airport.

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=GR91005 |title=Nikos Kazantzakis |accessdate=13 November 2013 |publisher=WorldAeroData}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ypa.gr/en/our-airports/kratikos-aerolimenas-hrakleioy-n-kazantzakhs|title=HERAKLION AIRPORT "N.KAZANTZAKIS"|accessdate=3 April 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Heraklion Airport History|url=http://www.heraklion-airport.info/history.html|work=www.heraklion-airport.info|accessdate=13 November 2013}}
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53. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.tuiholidays.ie/flight/timetable |title=Flight Timetable |publisher=TUI Airways |date=7 April 2018}}
54. ^{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=TUIfly S19 network additions as of 25MAR19 |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/283552/tuifly-s19-network-additions-as-of-25mar19/ |website=Routesonline |accessdate=26 March 2019}}
55. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.tez-tour.com/ru/kiev/avia-reference.html|title=Timetable|website=www.tez-tour.com}}
56. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.tez-tour.com/avia-reference.html|title=Timetable|website=www.tez-tour.com}}
57. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ypa.gr/userfiles/fa3cb89c-ac1a-4d4b-99ab-a34f011804e1/HERAKLEIO.xlsx|title=Statistical data of Iraklion airport "N. Kazantzakis" for the period 1994–2014 |accessdate=9 January 2016 |publisher=Hellenic Civilian Aviation Authority |format=XLS}}
58. ^"Contact." ([https://www.webcitation.org/6Ao7RIi9a?url=http://www.bluebirdair.gr/contact.html?lang%3Denglish Archive]) Bluebird Airways. Retrieved on 19 September 2012. "Offices: Heraklion International Airport "N.Kazantzakis" – Address in Greek {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192405/http://www.bluebirdair.gr/contact.html?lang=greek |date=2015-09-23 }}: "Γραφεία: Κρατικός αερολιμένας Ηρακλείου Νίκος Καζαντζάκης"

External links

Official Website / Civil Aviation Authority: Heraklion International Airport, "N. Kazantzakis"
Greek Airport Guide: [https://archive.is/20120718152250/http://www.alxd.gr/AirportGuide/iraklio/iraklioE.html Iraklio Airport, "N. Kazantzakis"]
LGIR on Airliners.net
{{WAD|LGIR}}