| 词条 | Herchel Smith |
| 释义 |
|name = Herchel Smith |birth_date = {{birth date|1925|05|06}} |birth_place = Plymouth, UK |death_date = {{death date and age|2001|12|20|1925|05|06}} |death_place = West Chester, Pennsylvania |residence = |citizenship = British/American |nationality = British |ethnicity = |fields = |workplaces = University of Oxford University of Manchester |alma_mater = Emmanuel College, Cambridge |doctoral_advisor = Alexander Robertus Todd |doctoral_students = |known_for = Oral birth-control pill |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |awards = |religion = Jewish |signature = |footnotes = }} Herchel Smith (May 6, 1925 – December 20, 2001) was an Anglo-American organic chemist. His discoveries include the key inventions underlying oral and injectable contraceptives. In later life, he was a major benefactor to university science. In England, Cambridge University, Emmanuel College, Cambridge and Queen Mary, University of London have been the major beneficiaries; and in the US, Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, and Williams College. During his lifetime and after his death, Smith donated over US$200 million to Cambridge and US$100 million to Harvard, including endowments to expand student exchange between the two universities through fellowships. His early education in Plymouth and Exeter (in the South West of England) led him in 1942 to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he studied the Natural Sciences Tripos. Smith had research interests in organic chemistry that were stimulated by Professor Lord Todd. His independent research started in Oxford University (1952–1956) but reached its full fruition whilst he was a lecturer in organic chemistry at the University of Manchester. In 1961, a three-month visit to the research laboratories of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals in Pennsylvania, evolved into a permanent position where he continued to research steroid chemistry. Herchel Smith’s work on new methods for the total synthesis of steroids led to the development of commercially feasible methods for the industrial production of estrone, equilin (an important constituent of treatments for post-menopausal syndrome), 19-nor-testosterone, and Norgestrel (a novel progestogen). Norgestrel was found to be a potent contraceptive and formed the basis for a range of contraceptive drugs both oral and injectable - mainly marketed by Wyeth and Schering AG of Germany, who are still leaders in contraceptives. He retired in 1973 and started a new career as a philanthropist in which he returned to the academic community the major part of the substantial fortune that had accrued from his patent and licensing fees. Smith's interests outside research and chemistry were varied. He was a discerning art collector. During a period in the mid-1970s he purchased the Kimberly Diamond, one of the largest yellow diamonds ever to be found in South Africa. Also he designed his own ocean-going yacht, Synthesis. Finally, he also initialled his precious metals portfolio, particularly in platinum. External links
10 : 1925 births|2001 deaths|Organic chemists|Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Academics of the University of Oxford|People associated with Queen Mary University of London|Academics of the University of Manchester|Harvard University people|People from Plymouth|British chemists |
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