| 词条 | Carlos Rosales Mendoza |
| 释义 |
| name = Carlos Rosales Mendoza | image_name = Carlos-rosales-mendoza.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | birth_name = Carlos Alberto Rosales Mendoza | birth_date = {{Birth date|1963|02|12|df=y}} | birth_place = La Unión, Guerrero, Mexico | death_date = {{Death date|2015|12|27|1963|02|12|df=yes}} | death_place = Gabriel Zamora, Michoacán | cause = Torture, gunshot | alias = El Tísico, El Prieto, El Carlitos | motive = | charge = Drug trafficking, organized crime and use of illegal firearms | conviction = | conviction_penalty = | children = | occupation = La Familia Cartel drug lord }}Carlos Alberto Rosales Mendoza (12 February 1963 – 27 December 2015) was a former Mexican drug lord who founded and led an organized crime syndicate called La Familia Michoacana.[1] He was a close friend and associate of Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, the former leader of the Gulf Cartel.[2] He was born in the municipality of La Unión, Guerrero in southern Mexico.[3] When Rosales Mendoza founded the first cells of La Familia Michoacana in the 1980s, the Milenio Cartel was competing with the organization for the control of the production and distribution of narcotics in the state of Michoacán.[4][5] In 2000, Rosales Mendoza united with the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas to thwart the Milenio Cartel, causing a wave of violence in western Mexico that lasted until the year 2003.[5] He was arrested twice, on 24 October 2004,[7] and on 5 August 2014, and set free in late 2014. He was found dead in a parking lot on 28 December 2015. Criminal careerReports suggest that Rosales Mendoza's organization can be traced back to the 1980s[8] and that was possibly a vigilante group to counter corruption and local crime, but the organization eventually became involved in the production and distribution of narcotics throughout the Mexican state of Michoacán.[8][4] In the year 2000, Rosales Mendoza broke relations with Armando Valencia Cornelio of the Milenio Cartel and founded his own organization in Michoacan called La Empresa ('The Business'), a criminal organization that was the direct predecessor of La Familia Michoacana, some sources state that La Empresa and La Familia Michoacana are essentially the same thing, mainly because they share the same members but not the same allies.[5] He also formed an alliance with Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, then leader of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, and merged with his organization.[6] This alliance was intended to displace the Milenio Cartel from Michoacán state, and provoked a series of assassinations in the area until 2003.[7][8] With the alliance, Rosales Mendoza became a Gulf Cartel operator and Cárdenas Guillén dispatched two lieutenants of Los Zetas, Efraín Teodoro Torres (Z-14) and Gustavo González Castro (The Erotic One), to help him to train his men and protect the drug trafficking corridors in Guerrero and in the port city of Lázaro Cárdenas.[9] He soon gained the trust of Cárdenas Guillén and became one of the leading lieutenants for the Gulf Cartel in western Mexico, where he commanded a training camp and taught over 50 gunmen military tactics in order to carry out a prisons break to free Cárdenas Guillén, who had been captured and imprisoned in 2003.[10] In 2004, he organised the armed assault on a maximum security prison. His men managed to free 25 inmates, but Rosales Mendoza was arrested on suspicion of masterminding the jailbreak and spent the next decade in prison.[11] After Rosales' arrest in 2004, Nazario Moreno González seized control of the gang and in 2006 [12] severed ties with the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas in an effort to take control of Michoacán from any external influences, marking the birth of an independent La Familia Cartel and Starting a turf war against their former allies.[7][13][14][15] ArrestsWhile preparing to liberate Osiel Cárdenas Guillén from prison, a squadron of about 150 soldiers in the Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE), the special forces unit of the Mexican Army, arrested Rosales Mendoza in the capital city of Morelia, Michoacán on 24 October 2004.[16][17][18] Upon his arrest, Rosales Mendoza was taken under custody to Mexico City and kept in La Palma prison until he was taken to Puente Grande, a maximum security prison in the western state of Jalisco, on 28 October 2004 for 10 years.[16][19] His capture resulted in new organizational leaders: José de Jesús Méndez Vargas and Nazario Moreno González.[20] On 22 May 2014, Rosales Mendoza was released from prison in Jalisco after fulfilling his ten-year sentence for illegal possession of firearms, organized crime, and drug trafficking.[21] On 5 August 2014, he was arrested again by state authorities at a restaurant in Morelia, Michoacán,[22] but was released shortly after without charges.[11] Kingpin Act sanctionOn 24 March 2010, the United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned Rosales Mendoza under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (sometimes referred to simply as the "Kingpin Act"), for his involvement in drug trafficking along with fifty-three other international criminals and ten foreign entities.[23] The act prohibited U.S. citizens and companies from doing any kind of business activity with him, and virtually froze all his assets in the U.S.[24] Carlos Rosales Mendoza was listed in the DEA's "most wanted" list.[11] DeathRosales Mendoza was found dead on December 28, 2015 in a car park in Gabriel Zamora, Michoacán along with three other bodies. All four bodies showed signs of having been tortured.[11][25] Authorities suspect of Ignacio Andrade Rentería (El Cenizo), a former mob lieutenant that now runs the Knights Templar Cartel.[26] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Grayson |first=George W. |title=FPRI: La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate |url=http://www.cfr.org/mexico/fpri-la-familia-another-deadly-mexican-syndicate/p18794 |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |accessdate=15 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCQvBaD8?url=http://www.cfr.org/mexico/fpri-la-familia-another-deadly-mexican-syndicate/p18794 |archivedate=15 November 2012 |date=16 March 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 2. ^{{cite web|title=FORMAL PRISIÓN EN CONTRA DE CARLOS ALBERTO ROSALES MENDOZA (A) "CARLITOS" Y DE ROBERTO HUERTA RÍOS |url=http://www.pgr.gob.mx/cmsocial/bol04/nov/b109604.htm |publisher=Presidencia de la República |accessdate=15 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCZo6A1c?url=http://www.pgr.gob.mx/cmsocial/bol04/nov/b109604.htm |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=no |language=Spanish |year=2004 |df=dmy }} 3. ^{{cite book| title=Money and Finance: Treasury: Treasury, PT. 500-End, Revised as of July 1, 2010| publisher=United States Government Printing Office| isbn=0160860032| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LpcV3VrEnC4C&pg=PA764| accessdate=15 November 2012| page=764| date=28 September 2010}} 4. ^{{cite news|last=Gibbs |first=Stephen |title=Family values of Mexico drug gang |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8319924.stm |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=BBC News |date=22 October 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCQai2NL?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8319924.stm |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oem.com.mx/laprensa/notas/n2118720.htm|title=Organización Editorial Mexicana|publisher=|accessdate=5 January 2017}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Comenzó en la compra y venta de grandes cantidades de mariguana |url=http://www.oem.com.mx/laprensa/notas/n2118720.htm |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=Organización Editorial Mexicana |date=22 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCXq79Rh?url=http://www.oem.com.mx/laprensa/notas/n2118720.htm |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=no |language=Spanish |df=dmy }} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| title=La Familia Michoacana Fact Sheet| url=http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/pressrel/pr102209a1.pdf| publisher=Drug Enforcement Administration| accessdate=15 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129102947/http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/pressrel/pr102209a1.pdf| archivedate=29 November 2010| date=October 2009}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=En Aguascalientes, la Policía Federal captura a Jesús Méndez Vargas, alias El Chango Mendez, lider de la organizacion delictiva "La Familia Michoacana" |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/2011/06/en-aguascalientes-la-policia-federal-captura-a-jesus-mendez-vargas-alias-el-chango-mendez-lider-de-la-organizacion-delictiva-la-familia/ |publisher=Presidencia de la República |accessdate=15 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCXy0uTB?url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/2011/06/en-aguascalientes-la-policia-federal-captura-a-jesus-mendez-vargas-alias-el-chango-mendez-lider-de-la-organizacion-delictiva-la-familia/ |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=no |language=Spanish |date=22 June 2011 |df=dmy }} 9. ^1 {{cite news |last=Grayson |first=George W. |title=La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate |url=http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200901.grayson.lafamilia.html |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=Foreign Policy Research Institute |date=February 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCT5WGPo?url=http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200901.grayson.lafamilia.html |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 10. ^{{cite news| last=Aranda| first=Jesús| title=Carlos Rosales planeaba la fuga de Osiel Cárdenas| url=http://archivo.lajornadamichoacan.com.mx/2004/10/26/10n1soc.html| accessdate=15 November 2012| newspaper=La Jornada|date=26 October 2004 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121115212849/http://archivo.lajornadamichoacan.com.mx/2004/10/26/10n1soc.html| archivedate=15 November 2012| deadurl=no| language=Spanish}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-35192815 |title=La Familia Mexican drug cartel founder killed |work=BBC News |date=29 December 2015 |accessdate=2015-12-29 }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=14091&ArticleId=339066|title=Latin American Herald Tribune - Mexico Arrests Important Familia Michoacana Boss|publisher=|accessdate=5 January 2017}} 13. ^{{cite news|last=Grillo |first=Ioan |title=Mexico drug cartel with its own 'bible' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/mexico/5900976/Mexico-drug-cartel-with-its-own-bible.html |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCQQWciA?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/mexico/5900976/Mexico-drug-cartel-with-its-own-bible.html |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 14. ^{{cite news|title=¿Cómo queda 'La Familia Michoacana' después de la captura de su líder? |url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/06/22/como-queda-la-familia-michoacana-despues-de-la-captura-de-su-lider |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=CNNMéxico |date=22 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCfosQOn?url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/06/22/como-queda-la-familia-michoacana-despues-de-la-captura-de-su-lider |archivedate=15 November 2012 |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Sólo jefes menores, los detenidos o muertos en días pasados en Michoacán: testigos protegidos |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2010/12/17/politica/010n1pol |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=La Jornada |date=17 December 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCfjU06N?url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2010/12/17/politica/010n1pol |archivedate=15 November 2012 |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 16. ^1 2 {{cite news| last=Olguín Sánchez| first=Jesús| title=Aprehenden a lugarteniente de Osiel Cárdenas| url=http://fox.presidencia.gob.mx/buenasnoticias/?contenido=15633&pagina=321| accessdate=15 November 2012| newspaper=Presidencia de la República| date=25 October 2004| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCUHIHdu?url=http://fox.presidencia.gob.mx/buenasnoticias/?contenido=15633&pagina=321| archivedate=15 November 2012| language=Spanish| deadurl=yes| df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=Ejército: Golpes al narco |url=http://www.zetatijuana.com/html/EdcionesAnteriores/Edicion1691/Reportajez_EjercitoGolpesNarco.html |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=Zeta |year=2007 |agency=Choix Editores |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCYb6fS7?url=http://www.zetatijuana.com/html/EdcionesAnteriores/Edicion1691/Reportajez_EjercitoGolpesNarco.html |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=no |language=Spanish |df=dmy }} 18. ^{{cite news| last=González| first=Iván| title=Rosales estaba ligado a Osiel Cárdenas: PGR| url=http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/401158.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041105191935/http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/401158.html| dead-url=yes| archive-date=5 November 2004| accessdate=15 November 2012| newspaper=Esmas.com| date=25 October 2004| language=Spanish| df=dmy-all}} 19. ^{{cite news| title=Llega Carlos Rosales a Puente Grande| url=http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/402088.html| accessdate=15 November 2012| newspaper=Esmas.com| date=28 October 2004| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127162936/http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/402088.html| archivedate=27 January 2010| language=Spanish}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=Mexican Police Arrest La Familia Drug Cartel Bigwig |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/mexican-police-arrest-la-familia-drug-cartel-bigwig-292845 |accessdate=15 November 2012 |newspaper=International Business Times |date=22 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CCRT5Npd?url=http://www.ibtimes.com/mexican-police-arrest-la-familia-drug-cartel-bigwig-292845 |archivedate=15 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 21. ^{{cite news|title=Líder de Zetas y Familia sale de la cárcel |url=http://www.unionyucatan.mx/articulo/2014/06/07/seguridad/lider-de-zetas-y-familia-sale-de-la-carcel |accessdate=8 June 2014 |publisher=Unión Yucatán |date=6 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QBiPXgeb?url=http://www.unionyucatan.mx/articulo/2014/06/07/seguridad/lider-de-zetas-y-familia-sale-de-la-carcel |archivedate=8 June 2014 |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 22. ^{{cite news|title=Detienen a fundador de 'La Familia Michoacana' |url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/Familia_Michoacana-Carlos_Rosales_Mendoza-El_tisico-crimen_organizado-narco_0_350965123.html |accessdate=10 August 2014 |publisher=Milenio |date=10 August 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RiTHaVJI?url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/Familia_Michoacana-Carlos_Rosales_Mendoza-El_tisico-crimen_organizado-narco_0_350965123.html |archivedate=10 August 2014 |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 23. ^{{cite web|title=DESIGNATIONS PURSUANT TO THE FOREIGN NARCOTICS KINGPIN DESIGNATION ACT |url=http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/narco_designations_kingpin.pdf |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury |accessdate=28 May 2014 |page=11 |date=15 May 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514025153/http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/narco_designations_kingpin.pdf |archivedate=14 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 24. ^{{cite web| title=An overview of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act| url=http://www.assetsearchblog.com/uploads/file/drugs.pdf| publisher=United States Department of the Treasury| accessdate=28 May 2014| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528053616/http://www.assetsearchblog.com/uploads/file/drugs.pdf| archivedate=28 May 2014| page=1|date=2009}} 25. ^{{cite news| title=Mataron a Carlos Rosales, El Tísico, en Michoacán| url=https://oaxaca.quadratin.com.mx/Mataron-a-Carlos-Rosales-El-Tisico-en-Michoacan/| publisher=Quadratín Michoacán |date=28 December 2015| language=Spanish}} 26. ^{{cite news |last=Garcia Davish |first=Francisco |url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/Asesinan_a_-El_Tisico-fundador_de_La_Familia-Carlos_Rosales_0_655134505.html |title=PGJ: Asesinato de fundador de 'La Fmilia', tras reunion con autodefensas. |language=Spanish |work=Milenio |date=29 December 2015 |accessdate=2015-12-29 }} Bibliography
6 : 2015 deaths|La Familia Michoacana traffickers|Mexican mob bosses|1963 births|People from Guerrero|People sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act |
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