| 词条 | Carole Chaski |
| 释义 |
}}|thesis_title=Syntactic theories and models of syntactic change : a study of Greek infinitival complementation|thesis_year=1988|discipline=Linguist|sub_discipline=Forensic linguistics|workplaces=North Carolina State University}} Carole Elisabeth Chaski (born 1955) is a forensic linguist and is considered one of the leading experts in the field.[1] Her research has led to improvements in the methodology and reliability of stylometric analysis and inspired further research on the use of this approach for authorship identification.[2] Her contributions have served as expert testimony in several Federal and State Court cases in the United States and Canada [3] She is also the president of ALIAS Technology and executive director of the Institute for Linguistic Evidence, a non-profit research organization devoted to linguistic evidence.[4]Early life and educationCarole Chaski was born in 1955, one of six children of Milton S. Chaski, Sr., and Marylee (née Evans) Chaski.[5][6][7] Chaski attended Severn School and graduated in 1973.[8] She earned awards for both English and Spanish proficiency that year.[8] Chaski earned her A.B. magna cum laude in English and Ancient Greek from Bryn Mawr College in 1975, M.Ed. in Psychology of Reading from the University of Delaware in 1981. Her 1988 Ph.D. dissertation in Linguistics at Brown University was titled Syntactic theories and models of syntactic change : a study of Greek infinitival complementation.[9] CareerWhile teaching linguistics at North Carolina State University (1990–1994), Carole Chaski was asked by police to examine several versions of an alleged suicide note found on a home computer. Using syntactic and statistical analysis, she concluded that the decedent was not the author of the texts, and that a roommate likely was. The roommate later confessed.[1][10][11] Chaski subsequently left teaching to work full-time as a forensic linguist.[1] Since then Forensic Magazine has called Chaski "the leading expert in the field of forensic linguistics".[12] According to John Olsson and June Luchjenbroers, "Dr. Carole Chaski has pioneered the syntactic analysis of authorship.".[13] In the undergraduate textbook Forensic Linguistics: Second Edition: An Introduction To Language, Crime and the Law, John Olsson wrote, "The first linguist to consider markedness in terms of authorship systematically was Carole Chaski, whose statistical analysis of syntax in authorship has met the Daubert challenge in the US court system."[14] Chaski's methodology, according to Olsson, includes software that uses four grammar rules to identify a text's syntactic markedness, in combination with measurements of the ways punctuation is used by a writer. Olsson continued, "Chaski should be credited with having brought forensic authorship comparison (as opposed to long text authorship 'attribution') into the scientific arena, and out of the darkness of literary criticism, canonical literary corpus construction and discourse analysis modes of authorship identification."[14] One of her resulting contributions was her research on the reliability of the different variables that forensic linguists were using as discriminants amongst unknown authors.[15] Her findings led her to conclude that many of the frequently used variables – such as the amount of spelling errors or prescriptive grammar errors – were not valid ways of determining authors or discriminating between them. Chaski's complaint centered on the basis that many of these variables were reflective of dialects and not idiolects.[15] Tim Grant and Kevin Baker have criticized Chaski's evaluation of the authorship markers. The two have addressed issues with the reliability and validity of her methods for evaluating each marker. They also draw attention to Chaski's selection of authors, namely because they lack sociolinguistic diversity.[16] Moreover, according to Lawrence Solan, former president of the International Association of Forensic Linguists, there is a cultural and intellectual divide in the profession, with Chaski advocating "scientific methodology that is replicable from case to case", and others, like James R. Fitzgerald, using "an 'intuitive' approach, examining among other things idiosyncrasies in spelling and word choice to see whether 'constellations of features emerge' ".[17] After explaining Fitzgerald's type of analysis, calling it "forensic stylistics", Michelle Taylor of Forensic Magazine followed with a description of Chaski's type of analysis: "That form of language analysis, sometimes called forensic stylistics, is different from what Chaski does, as she has a formal education in linguistics and uses a computational linguistics method she developed called ALIAS, or Automated Linguistics Identification and Assessment System."[12] Ben Zimmer of The New York Times wrote that Chaski was also working on the problem of "identifying the authorship of a document that was produced by a computer to which multiple users had access" by developing software that could categorize the linguistic structures which tend to be stable across different styles of writing.[18] In 2012 Jack Hitt of The New Yorker noted Chaski's work on a computer algorithm to identify syntactic patterns, citing Chaski's goal, "to develop a standard 'validated tool' that police, civil investigators, and linguists can turn to when testifying in crucial cases, such as a capital murder trial".[19] Chaski's method also uses a database of linguistic samples.[11]Chaski currently serves on the editorial board of Brief Chronicles, a peer reviewed journal of Shakespearean authorship studies.[20] Selected publications
A study on the reliability and validity of certain techniques used in forensic stylistics. Chaski was inspired to conduct the study because of the Court-decision made in United States v. Van Wyk.
A study prescribing a method for authorship attribution in the case of documents that are sourced from computers which have multiple users. Chapters in textbooks
References1. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-16204146.html|title=Forensic linguists becoming more important part of criminal investigations|last=Dahl|first=Dick|date=7 April 2008|work=Lawyers USA|access-date=26 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927111758/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-16204146.html|archive-date=2017-09-27|dead-url=yes|subscription=yes|via=HighBeam Research}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Solan|first=Lawrence|author2=Peter Meijes Tiersma|title=Speaking of crime: the language of criminal justice|publisher=U of Chicago P|year=2005|series=The Chicago series in law and society|pages=169|isbn=978-0-226-76792-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3Eoe-mB6_sC&pg=RA1-PA169|accessdate=1 March 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Carole E. Chaski, PhD|url=https://forensicsciences.columbian.gwu.edu/carole-chaski|website=forensicsciences.columbian.gwu.edu|publisher=Columbia College of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=9 April 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/11419/2|title=Researcher attempts to shed light on security troll|last=Lemos|first=Robert|date=20 October 2006|publisher=SecurityFocus|accessdate=2 March 2010}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.memorialsolutions.com/sitemaker/sites/parsel0/memsol.cgi?user_id=329243|title=Obituary for Milton Chaski , Sr - Lewes, DE|date=March 2011|website=www.memorialsolutions.com|access-date=September 24, 2017}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14022114/the_daily_times/|title=Milton S. Chaski Sr.|last=|first=|date=2011-03-04|work=The Daily Times|access-date=2017-09-26|pages=4|via=Newspapers.com}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14022178/the_news_journal/|title=Marylee Evans Chaski|last=|first=|date=2005-07-06|work=The News Journal|access-date=2017-09-26|pages=16|via=Newspapers.com}} 8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14022012/the_capital/|title=Severn Graduation Hears General|last=|first=|date=1973-05-31|work=The Capital|access-date=2017-09-26|pages=10|via=Newspapers.com}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://library.brown.edu/theses/theses.php?task=search|title=Theses & Dissertations|last=|first=|date=|website=Brown University Library|access-date=|quote=Chaski, Carole Elisabeth (Ph.D.: Linguistics, 1988). Title: Syntactic theories and models of syntactic change : a study of Greek infinitival complementation. Advisor: Francis, Winthrop N. Concentration: Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences}} 10. ^Wilmington Morning Star, Tuesday, September 29, 1992, 6B 11. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14021792/the_news_journal/|title=Linguist: Chaski Developed a Computer Program to Analyze Writing|last=Murray|first=Molly|date=2002-11-16|work=The News Journal|access-date=2017-09-26|pages=2|via=Newspapers.com}} 12. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.forensicmag.com/article/2017/08/solving-crime-one-word-time|title=Solving Crime One Word at a Time|last=|first=|date=August 24, 2017|work=Forensic Magazine|access-date=September 24, 2017}} 13. ^{{cite book|author1=John Olsson|author2=June Luchjenbroers|title=Forensic Linguistics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXFjAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA321|date=5 December 2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4725-6957-8|pages=321–}} 14. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1YnUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46|title=Forensic Linguistics: Second Edition: An Introduction To Language, Crime and the Law|author=John Olsson|first=|date=|publisher=A&C Black|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8264-9308-8|location=|pages=46–}} 15. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Chaski|first1=Carole|title=Who wrote it? steps towards a science of authorship identification|journal=National Institute of Justice Journal|date=September 1997|pages=15–22}} 16. ^{{cite journal|last1=Grant|first1=Tim|title=Identifying reliable, valid markers of authorship: a response to Chaski|journal=International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law|date=2001|volume=8|pages=66–79}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/should-texts-e-mail-tweets-and-facebook-posts-the-be-new-fingerprints-in-court/2015/02/19/a5ec2bf6-6f32-11e4-8808-afaa1e3a33ef_story.html|title=Forensic linguistics: Do your e-mails, texts and tweets reveal clues to your identity?|last=Sellers|first=Frances Stead|date=February 27, 2015|website=Washington Post|access-date=September 25, 2017}} 18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/opinion/sunday/24gray.html|title=Opinion— Decoding Your E-Mail Personality|last=Zimmer|first=Ben|date=July 23, 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 25, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/07/23/words-on-trial|title=Words on Trial|last=Hitt|first=Jack|date=July 16, 2012|work=The New Yorker|access-date=September 25, 2017|issn=0028-792X}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://shakespeareoxfordfellowship.org/wp-content/uploads/BC7_Full.pdf|title=Brief Chronicles: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Authorship Studies|last=|first=|date=|year=2016|editor-last=Stritmatter|editor-first=Roger|website=|orig-year=|access-date=September 24, 2017}} 21. ^{{Cite Book|last=Chaski|first=Carole|title=Author Identification in the Forensic Setting|url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572120.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199572120-e-36|journal=The Oxford Handbook of Language and Law|language=en|pages=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|isbn=9780199572120|location=|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572120.001.0001}} 22. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIjLBQAAQBAJ|title=Forensic Science and Law: Investigative Applications in Criminal, Civil and Family Justice|author1=Chaski|first=Carole|date=22 December 2005|publisher=CRC Press|year=|isbn=978-1-4200-5811-6|editor-last=Wecht|editor-first=Cyril H.|location=|pages=|editor-last2=Rago|editor-first2=John T.}} External links
10 : 1955 births|Living people|Linguists from the United States|Applied linguists|Bryn Mawr College alumni|University of Delaware alumni|Brown University alumni|North Carolina State University faculty|Women linguists|American women in business |
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