| 词条 | Carpinteria Tar Pits |
| 释义 |
The Carpinteria Tar Pits (also Carpinteria Oil Seeps) are a series of natural asphalt lakes situated in the southern part of Santa Barbara County in southern California.[1][2] The Carpinteria Tar Pits are a natural asphalt lake areas similar to Tierra de Brea Trinidad and Tobago, Lake Guanoco in Venezuela and the La Brea Tar Pits (Los Angeles) and McKittrick Tar Pits (McKittrick) both also located in the US state of California.[3] GeographyThe Carpinteria Tar Pits are located in the southeastern extremity of Santa Barbara County about {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Santa Barbara in the town of Carpinteria.[1] The area is a designated park, the Tar Pits Park, and lies within the Carpinteria State Beach area in the southern part between the Santa Rosa and the San Miguel campsites.[1][2] Most of the tar pits are located along a short stretch directly on the beach and generate from the underlying Carpinteria Offshore Oil Field. GeologyThe Carpinteria Tar Pits probably date from the Pleistocene epoch. The creation of an asphalt lake is typically the result of upwards migrations of hydrocarbons along a geologic fault. Additionally, in connection with subduction pressure can be created against underlying oil source rock.[3][4] The oil is moving towards the surface and slowly transforming into bitumen; and, on the way through the lithosphere, it is picking up clay and water and is cooled into asphalt. HistoryThe Carpinteria Tar Pits were known to the local Native American Chumash people, who mined the asphalt and used it as a sealant for waterproofing their tomols (plank-built boats) and other purposes.[1][2][5] The area was named "La Carpinteria" (the carpentry) by a Spanish expedition under explorer Gaspar de Portolà, which arrived in the area on August 17, 1769.[2] Starting around 1915, the tar pits were mined and the asphalt was used for building a coastal highway. In 1933, the area was designated a state beach and in 1941 it was formally opened to the public.[2] The tar pits have trapped and preserved hundreds of Pleistocene Age birds and animals. Some findings are on display at the Carpinteria Valley Museum of History, but no paleontological studies have been conducted because the tar pits were used as a local rubbish dump.[2][5] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.carpinteria.com/activities/parks/tarpits/ |title=Tar Pits Park|publisher=Carpinteria.com |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-03-20}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/599/files/carpinteria.pdf |title=Carpinteria State Beach|publisher=State of California|format=pdf |work= |accessdate=2012-03-20}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=485|title=Pitch (Asphalt) Lakes of Trinidad, Venezuela, and California|format=|work=|accessdate=2012-03-20|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401124638/http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=485|archivedate=2012-04-01|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gstt.org/geology/pitch%20lake.htm |title=The Pitch Lake of trinidad |work= |accessdate=2012-03-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131053406/http://www.gstt.org/geology/pitch%20lake.htm |archivedate=2010-01-31 |df= }} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=GC127EG |title=Tar Pits Park |format= |work= |accessdate=2012-03-20}} 9 : Asphalt lakes|National Natural Landmarks in California|Carpinteria, California|Parks in Santa Barbara County, California|Pleistocene paleontological sites of North America|Lagerstätten|Natural history of California|Paleontology in California|Oil fields in Santa Barbara County, California |
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