| 词条 | Center for Reproductive Rights |
| 释义 |
|name = Center for Reproductive Rights |image = |leader_title = President and CEO |leader_name = Nancy Northup |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |membership = |headquarters = New York City |formation = 1992 |type = Non-profit corporation |predecessor = |budget= |purpose= The advancement of reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right |region_served = Global |num_staff = |num_volunteers = |motto = |website = {{url|http://reproductiverights.org}} }} The Center for Reproductive Rights (CRR) is a global legal advocacy organization that seeks to advance reproductive rights. The organization's stated mission is to "use the law to advance reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right that all governments are legally obligated to protect, respect, and fulfill."[1] Founded by Janet Benshoof in 1992, its original name was the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy.[2] The Center for Reproductive Rights is Headquartered in New York City.[3] The Center continually monitors the treatment of reproductive rights in various media in the US and abroad.[4] Charity Watch rates the Center for Reproductive Rights "A-".[5]HistoryIn July, 2011 the CRR filed suit against the state of North Dakota over a state law that would ban all medical abortions.[6] In July 2013, the CRR, along with the Red River Women's Clinic, filed a lawsuit of the enactment of fetal heartbeat, genetic, and sex selection restrictions on abortions.[7] In September 2013, a federal judge dismissed the genetic and sex selection parts of the lawsuit without prejudice.[8] In 2011 the CRR joined with the ACLU and Planned Parenthood to challenge a law passed which requires women to get an ultrasound four hours before an abortion. In addition, it requires the doctor to put the ultrasound image within the view of the woman and describe it. The plaintiffs have called it an "ideological message," and a violation of the First Amendment. And since the patient is not actually required to listen to what the doctor describes and can even choose to wear blinders and headphones, the plaintiffs went on to call it a "farce."[9] After suing the Obama administration over the restricted access to birth control, in June 2013 the U.S. Department of Justice ordered that the Obama administration make all forms of emergency contraception available over the counter and without an age restriction.[10] In recent years, CRR is one of three primary groups challenging increased state level restrictions to reproductive health and abortion care.[11] In May, along with the American Civil Liberties Union filed suit against a 12-week abortion ban in Arkansas.[12] In June the CRR filed a lawsuit against the state of Kansas to block HB 2253 stating that the abortion restrictions it imposed is unconstitutional.[13] In August a coalition of groups, including the CRR, filed suit in Oklahoma to block enforcement of a law that restricts access to emergency contraception, stating that the law is unconstitutional.[14] In August a federal judge blocked the law from going into effect.[15] In November 2015 the United States Supreme Court agreed to review stringent restrictions enacted into law by abortion opponents in Texas. Upon coming into force the laws would leave Texas, a state with a population of 27 million, served by only ten clinics, 34 less than the number in service before the laws were enacted. The appeal, handled by the Center for Reproductive Rights, is U.S. Supreme Court docket number 16-274, Whole Woman's Health v. Cole. It is the first case that the high court has accepted scrutinizing abortion restriction since 2007.[16] In 2016 the Center expanded its international program, including the launch of an international litigation campaign that has included the first abortion case decided by the United Nations Human Rights Committee and the first case to frame preventable maternal deaths as a human rights violation.[17] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.reproductiverights.org/about-us|publisher=Center for Reproductive Rights|accessdate=15 September 2016}} 2. ^{{cite news|last1=Wadler|first1=Joyce|title=PUBLIC LIVES; Defending the Defenders of Abortion Rights|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/04/nyregion/public-lives-defending-the-defenders-of-abortion-rights.html|accessdate=2 March 2016|publisher=The New York Times|date=November 4, 1998}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/ohio-texas-heartbeat-abortion-ban-womens-health-2017-530351|title=Ohio and Texas are among the battleground states for abortion rights next year|date=2016-12-10|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=2016-12-10}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nancy-northup/misremembering-dr-tiller_b_339284.html|title=Nancy Northup: Misremembering Dr. Tiller: How Law & Order Got It Wrong|last=Northup|first=Nancy|date=2009-10-29|publisher=Huffingtonpost.com|accessdate=2010-06-11}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.charitywatch.org/ratings-and-metrics/center-for-reproductive-rights/2|title=Charity Watch Top Rated Charities|accessdate=5 May 2015}} 6. ^{{cite press release | url=http://reproductiverights.org/en/press-room/center-for-reproductive-rights-takes-legal-action-to-block-north-dakota-attack-on-women%E2%80%99s | title=Center for Reproductive Rights takes legal action to block North Dakota attack on women’s health, abortion rights | publisher=CRR | date=18 July 2011 | accessdate=18 September 2013 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423151117/http://reproductiverights.org/en/press-room/center-for-reproductive-rights-takes-legal-action-to-block-north-dakota-attack-on-women%E2%80%99s | archivedate=23 April 2013 | df= }} 7. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/26/us/lawsuit-challenges-north-dakotas-abortion-limits.html?_r=0 | title=Lawsuit Challenges North Dakota’s Abortion Limits | publisher=The New York Times | date=25 June 2013 | accessdate=18 September 2013 | author=Eckholm. Erik}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/judge-dismisses-part-dakota-abortion-lawsuit-20227777 | title=Judge Dismisses Part of N. Dakota Abortion Lawsuit | publisher=ABC News | date=11 September 2013 | accessdate=18 September 2013 | author=MacPherson, James}} 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.news-record.com/news/article_03c9f696-0bf1-11e3-aaa2-001a4bcf6878.html | title=Update: Ruling on ultrasounds still ‘several weeks’ off | publisher=News & Record | date=29 August 2013 | accessdate=29 August 2013 | author=Lopez, Robert}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/06/obama-administration-plan-b-one-step-over-counter | title=Buying Plan B Will No Longer Require an ID or a Prescription | publisher=Mother Jones | date=10 June 2013 | accessdate=2 August 2013 | author=Sheppard, Kate}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/06/nancy-northup-abortion-franks-supreme-court | title=Republicans Want to Ban Abortions After 20 Weeks. Here's How One Group Is Fighting Back. | publisher=Mother Jones | date=14 June 2013 | accessdate=2 August 2013 | author=Sheppard, Kate}} 12. ^{{cite press release | url=https://www.aclu.org/reproductive-freedom/aclu-and-center-reproductive-rights-ask-federal-court-block-arkansas-abortion | title=ACLU and Center for Reproductive Rights Ask Federal Court to Block Arkansas Abortion Ban | publisher=American Civil Liberties Union | date=17 May 2013 | accessdate=14 August 2013}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2013/06/24/center-for-reproductive-rights-joins-fight-against-kansas-anti-abortion-super-bill/ | title=Center for Reproductive Rights Joins Fight Against Kansas Anti-Abortion Super Bill | date=24 June 2013 | accessdate=14 August 2013 | author=Mason Pieklo, Jessica}} 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/article.aspx/Lawsuit_would_block_states_new_morning_after_pill_law/20130808_504_0_OKLAHO316390?subj=298 | title=Lawsuit would block state's new morning-after pill law | publisher=Tulsa World | date=8 August 2013 | accessdate=15 August 2013 | author=Hoberock, Barbara}} 15. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/nation/22025792-418/oklahoma-judge-blocks-law-restricting-access-to-morning-after-pill.html | title=Oklahoma judge blocks law restricting access to morning-after pill | publisher=Chicago Sun Times | date=19 August 2013 | accessdate=22 August 2013 | author=Associated Press}} 16. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/13/us-usa-court-abortion-idUSKCN0T229F20151113 Supreme court to decide major abortion case for first time since 2007] Lawrence Hurley reporting in Reuters Fri Nov 13, 2015 17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/12/01/ireland_will_pay_damages_to_a_woman_forced_to_travel_abroad_for_an_abortion.html|title=Ireland Will Pay Damages to a Woman Forced to Travel Abroad for an Abortion|last=Cauterucci|first=Christina|date=2016-12-01|newspaper=Slate|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339|access-date=2016-12-10}} 5 : Human rights organizations based in the United States|Reproductive rights organizations|Non-profit organizations based in New York City|Pro-choice organizations in the United States|1992 establishments in New York (state) |
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