| 词条 | Center of origin | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
A center of origin (or center of diversity) is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties.[1] They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Nikolai Vavilov. PlantsLocating the origin of crop plants is basic to plant breeding. This allows one to locate wild relatives, related species, and new genes (especially dominant genes, which may provide resistance to diseases). Knowledge of the origins of crop plants is important in order to avoid genetic erosion, the loss of germplasm due to the loss of ecotypes and landraces, loss of habitat (such as rainforests), and increased urbanization. Germplasm preservation is accomplished through gene banks (largely seed collections but now frozen stem sections) and preservation of natural habitats (especially in centers of origin). Vavilov centers{{see|Neolithic revolution|List of food origins}}A Vavilov Center (of Diversity) is a region of the world first indicated by Nikolai Vavilov to be an original center for the domestication of plants.[4] For crop plants, Nikolai Vavilov identified differing numbers of centers: three in 1924, five in 1926, six in 1929, seven in 1931, eight in 1935 and reduced to seven again in 1940.[5][6] Vavilov argued that plants were not domesticated somewhere in the world at random, but that there were regions where domestication started. The center of origin is also considered the center of diversity. Vavilov centers are regions where a high diversity of crop wild relatives can be found, representing the natural relatives of domesticated crop plants. Later in 1935 Vavilov divided the centers into 12, giving the following list:
ImportanceIn 2016, researchers linked the origins and primary regions of diversity ("areas typically including the locations of the initial domestication of crops, encompassing the primary geographical zones of crop variation generated since that time, and containing relatively high species richness in crop wild relatives") of food and agricultural crops with their current importance around the world in modern national food supplies and agricultural production. The results indicated that foreign crops were 68.7% of national food supplies as a global mean, and their usage has greatly increased in the last fifty years.[10] See also
References1. ^{{cite document|title=International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i0510e.pdf |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2009|page=Article 2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Center Of Origin}}2. ^Ladizinsky, G. (1998). Plant Evolution under Domestication. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.1078208 | last1 = Diamond | first1 = J.|authorlink1=Jared Diamond | last2 = Bellwood | first2 = P. | title = Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions | journal = Science | volume = 300 | issue = 5619 | pages = 597–603 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12714734|bibcode = 2003Sci...300..597D | citeseerx = 10.1.1.1013.4523 }} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Cornell and Polish research scientists lead effort to save invaluable potato genetic archive in Russia |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/July00/Vavilov.bpf.html |author=Blaine P. Friedlander Jr |date=2000-06-20 |accessdate=2008-03-19}} 5. ^{{cite book |author=Vavilov, N. I. |authorlink=Nikolai Vavilov |author2=Löve, Doris (trans.) |author2link=Doris Löve |year=1992 |origyear= |title=Origin and Geography of Cultivated Plants |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=xxi |isbn=978-0521404273}} 6. ^{{cite journal |last=Corinto |first=Gian Luigi |date=2014 |title=Nikolai Vavilov's Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants With a View to Conserving Agricultural Biodiversity |journal=Human Evolution |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=285–301 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267349404}} 7. ^Adapted from Vavilov (1951) by R. W. Schery, Plants for Man, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1972 8. ^History of Horticulture, Jules Janick, Purdue University, 2002 9. ^{{cite journal | last=Gross | first=B. L. | last2=Zhao | first2=Z. | title=Archaeological and genetic insights into the origins of domesticated rice | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume=111 | issue=17 | date=21 April 2014 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1308942110 | pmid=24753573 | pmc=4035933 | pages=6190–6197}} 10. ^{{cite journal |author=Khoury, C.K. |author2=Achicanoy, H.A. |author3=Bjorkman, A.D. |author4=Navarro-Racines, C. |author5=Guarino, L. |author6=Flores-Palacios, X. |author7=Engels, J.M.M. |author8=Wiersema, J.H. |author9=Dempewolf, H. |author10=Sotelo, S. |author11=Ramírez-Villegas, J. |author12=Castañeda-Álvarez, N.P. |author13=Fowler, C. |author14=Jarvis, A. |author15=Rieseberg, L.H. |author16=Struik, P.C. |title=Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide |journal=Proc. R. Soc. B |date=2016 |volume=283 |issue=1832 |pages=20160792 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2016.0792 |pmc=4920324 }} 3 : Conservation biology|History of agriculture|Neolithic |
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