| 词条 | Alan Fersht |
| 释义 |
| name = Sir Alan Fersht | birth_name = Alan Roy Fersht | image = Alan Fersht.jpg | image_size = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1943|4|21}}[1] | birth_place = Hackney, London | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | nationality = United Kingdom | field = {{Plainlist|
| work_institution = {{Plainlist|
| alma_mater = University of Cambridge | thesis_title = Intramolecular catalysis of ester hydrolysis | thesis_year = 1968 | thesis_url = http://search.proquest.com/docview/301271894 | known_for = Protein folding | prizes ={{Plainlist|
| spouse = {{marriage|Marilyn Persell|1966}}[1] | doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|
| website = {{URL|www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/a-to-g/alan-fersht/}} }}Sir Alan Roy Fersht, FRS, FMedSci[3] (born 21 April 1943) is a British chemist at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge.[6] He works on protein folding.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Former Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Early lifeFersht was born on 21 April 1943.[22] He was educated at Sir George Monoux Grammar School, an all-boys grammar school in Walthamstow, London.[22] He went on to study at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he was awarded his PhD degree in 1968.[23] Career and researchFersht was Wolfson Research Professor of the Royal Society and Professor of Biological Chemistry at Imperial College London from 1978 to 1988 and was Herchel Smith Professor of Organic Chemistry at Cambridge from 1988 to 2010. He was the Director of the Cambridge Centre for Protein Engineering from 1990 to 2010. He is a Fellow of both Gonville & Caius College and Imperial College.[10] Alan Fersht is widely regarded as one of the main pioneers of protein engineering, which he developed as a primary method for analysis of the structure, activity and folding of proteins. He has developed methods for the resolution of protein folding in the sub-millisecond time-scale and has pioneered the method of phi value analysis for studying the folding transition states of proteins. His interests also include protein misfolding, disease and cancer.[1] Awards and honoursFersht was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1983.[24] The Royal Society awarded him the Gabor Medal in 1991 for molecular biology, in 1998 the Davy Medal for chemistry and in 2008 the Royal Medal. He is a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences,[2] a Foreign Member of the American Philosophical Society, a Foreign Member of the Accademia dei Lincei, an Honorary Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.[3] His nomination for the Royal Society reads: {{centred pull quote|Distinguished for work on mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, especially by stopped and quenched flow methods. He showed that a slow relaxation of chymotrypsin was not a chemical step on the reaction pathway, but a pH-dependent isomerisation between active and inactive forms, and investigated the energetics and equilibria of the transition. He elucidated the leaving-group specificity, leading to a detailed structural interpretation which showed the energetics of "strain" at the binding site. Another experiment dispelled final doubts about the role of a tetrahedral intermediate. More recently Fersht has studied a more complex group of enzymes, the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. He demonstrated that their precise specificity depends on consecutive independent recognition steps, and under appropriate conditions he trapped a transiently discharged aminoacyl tRNA. Fersht has shown how binding energy can be used to enhance either specificity or rate in an enzymatic reaction, leading to a demonstration of thermodynamic limitations on mechanisms of the "induced fit" type.[24]}} Fersht holds honorary doctorates from: Uppsala University(1999);[25] Free University of Brussels; Weizmann Institute of Science; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; and University of Aarhus. Fersht has received many prizes and medals including: the FEBS Anniversary Prize; Novo Biotechnology Award; Charmian Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry; Max Tishler Lecture and Prize Harvard University; The Datta Lectureship and Medal of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies; Jubilee Lecture and the Harden Medal of the Biochemical Society; Feldberg Foundation Prize, Distinguished Service Award, Miami Nature Biotechnology Winter Symposium; Christian B. Anfinsen Award of the Protein Society; Natural Products Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Stein and Moore Award of the Protein Society;[26][27] Bader Award of the American Chemical Society; Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang Prize and Medal; Bijvoet Medal of the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research of Utrecht University in 2008 and the Gilbert N. Lewis Medal University of California, Berkeley, and the Wilhelm Exner Medal in 2009.[28] In 2003 he was knighted for his pioneering work on protein science.[22] His citation on elected to the Academy of Medical Sciences reads: {{centred pull quote|Herchel Smith Professor of Organic Chemistry at the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, Cambridge, Sir Alan is one of the world's leading protein scientists. He was elected to the Royal Society in his late 30s in 1983 for his work illuminating enzymic catalysis and how enzymes attain high fidelity in the translation of the genetic code. Subsequently he was one of the pioneering founders of protein engineering, developing it as an analytical procedure for understanding interactions in proteins and enzyme catalysis. This radical new approach unravelled the relationships between the structure, activity and function of proteins. The full power of his methods became apparent in his seminal and far reaching contributions to the field of protein folding and stability. These studies opened the way to development of novel therapies in cancer and other diseases. He currently works on mutations that affect the stability and activity of the tumour suppressor p53 and how mutants may be "rescued" by small molecule drugs. His contributions have been widely recognised nationally and internationally by prizes for both chemistry and molecular biology, and by memberships of foreign academies.[3]}} Personal lifeFersht's recreations include chess[29] and horology.[22] He married Marilyn Persell in 1966 and has one son and one daughter.[22] Selected publications
References{{Scholia|author}}1. ^1 {{GoogleScholar|id=Y8ba4XUAAAAJ}} {{s-start}}{{s-aca}}{{s-bef2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/64214.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417135757/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/64214.html|archivedate=17 April 2015|title=Alan Fersht, University of Cambridge, Election Year: 1993|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417140157/http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-sir-alan-fersht/|title=Professor Sir Alan Fersht FRS FMedSci|url=http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-sir-alan-fersht/|archivedate=17 April 2015|publisher=Academy of Medical Sciences}} 4. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324163357/http://www.cam.ac.uk/women-at-cambridge/profiles/jane-clarke|title=Women at Cambridge: Jane Clarke|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/women-at-cambridge/profiles/jane-clarke|publisher=University of Cambridge|archivedate=24 March 2015}} 5. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 8476861| year = 1993| author1 = Clarke| first1 = J| authorlink1 = Jane Clarke (scientist)| title = Engineered disulfide bonds as probes of the folding pathway of barnase: Increasing the stability of proteins against the rate of denaturation| journal = Biochemistry| volume = 32| issue = 16| pages = 4322–9| last2 = Fersht| first2 = A. R. | authorlink2 = Alan Fersht | doi=10.1021/bi00067a022}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ch.cam.ac.uk/staff/arf.html |title=Professor Sir Alan Fersht FRS, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge |accessdate=26 July 2011}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Jackson | first1 = S. E. | last2 = Fersht | first2 = A. R. | doi = 10.1021/bi00107a010 | title = Folding of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2. 1. Evidence for a two-state transition | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 30 | issue = 43 | pages = 10428–10435 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1931967}} 8. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Fersht | first1 = A. R. | last2 = Shi | first2 = J. P. | last3 = Knill-Jones | first3 = J. | last4 = Lowe | first4 = D. M. | last5 = Wilkinson | first5 = A. J. | last6 = Blow | first6 = D. M. | last7 = Brick | first7 = P. | last8 = Carter | first8 = P. | last9 = Waye | first9 = M. M. Y. | doi = 10.1038/314235a0 | last10 = Winter | first10 = G. | title = Hydrogen bonding and biological specificity analysed by protein engineering | journal = Nature | volume = 314 | issue = 6008 | pages = 235–238 | year = 1985 | pmid = 3845322}} 9. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Matouschek | first1 = A. | last2 = Kellis | first2 = J. T. | last3 = Serrano | first3 = L. | last4 = Fersht | first4 = A. R. | title = Mapping the transition state and pathway of protein folding by protein engineering | doi = 10.1038/340122a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 340 | issue = 6229 | pages = 122–126 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2739734}} 10. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Fersht | first1 = A. | last2 = Matouschek | first2 = A. | last3 = Serrano | first3 = L. | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90561-W | title = The folding of an enzyme I. Theory of protein engineering analysis of stability and pathway of protein folding | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 224 | issue = 3 | pages = 771–782 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1569556}} 11. ^{{cite book |author =Fersht, Alan |title=Structure and mechanism in protein science: a guide to enzyme catalysis and protein folding |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=1999 |pages= |isbn=0-7167-3268-8 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} 12. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/protein/gzq103| title = The Selected Papers of Sir Alan Fersht: Development of Protein Engineering| journal = Protein Engineering Design and Selection| volume = 24| pages = 225–227| year = 2010| last1 = Wilkinson | first1 = A. J.}} 13. ^{{cite book |author1=Qinghua Wang |author2=Fersht, Alan |title=Selected Papers of Sir Alan Fersht: The Development of Protein Engineering (Icp Selected Papers) |publisher=Imperial College Press |location=River Edge, N.J |year=2010 |pages= |isbn=1-84816-554-4 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} 14. ^{{cite book |author =Fersht, Alan |title=Enzyme structure and mechanism |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=1985 |pages= |isbn=0-7167-1614-3 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} 15. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.oldmonovians.com/old-monovians/who-s-who/sir-alan-fersht-frs.html|title = Professor Sir Alan Fersht FRS becomes the 42nd Master of Caius|accessdate = 21 November 2012|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150422144426/http://www.oldmonovians.com/old-monovians/who-s-who/sir-alan-fersht-frs.html|archivedate = 22 April 2015|dead-url = no}} 16. ^Europabio: profile {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 17. ^BBC: brief Fersht career summary at time of knighthood 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imperial.ac.uk/P5679.htm|title=Imperial College London: biographical summary Alan Fersht|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627054247/http://www.imperial.ac.uk/college.asp?P=5679|archivedate=27 June 2009}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/a-to-g/alan-fersht|title=Fersht webpage at MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140914125130/http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/a-to-g/alan-fersht/|archivedate=14 September 2014}} 20. ^{{Scopus|id= 36043863300}} 21. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 24277833| pmc = 3856823| year = 2013| author1 = Fersht | first1 = A. R. | authorlink1 = Alan Fersht| title = Profile of Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel, 2013 nobel laureates in chemistry| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America| volume = 110| issue = 49| pages = 19656–7| doi = 10.1073/pnas.1320569110}} 22. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Who's Who | surname = FERSHT | othernames = Sir Alan (Roy) | id = U15668 | volume = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}} 23. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Alan Roy|last=Fersht |title=Intramolecular catalysis of ester hydrolysis |publisher=University of Cambridge |year=1968 |url=http://www.theses.com|authorlink=Alan Fersht}}{{subscription required}} 24. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F1983%2F09%27) |title=EC/1983/09: Fersht, Alan Roy |publisher=The Royal Society |archivedate=13 May 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6PXLf9Jen?url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=%28RefNo%3D%3D%27EC%2F1983%2F09%27%29 |location=London |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 25. ^http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/ 26. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 15484254| year = 2004| title = Alan R. Fersht receives Bader Award / Corey Award to David W. C. Mac Millan / Breslow Award to Peter B. Dervan| journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition| volume = 43| issue = 41| pages = 5430| doi = 10.1002/anie.200462026}} 27. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 11345067| year = 2001| title = Alan Fersht. 2001 Stein and Moore Award| journal = Protein Science| volume = 10| issue = 4| pages = 905}} 28. ^editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria. 29. ^{{cite book |author =Fersht, Alan |title=Jaques Staunton Chess Sets 1849–1939 |publisher=Kaissa Publications |location= |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=0-9557325-0-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} | before = Sir Christopher Hum }}{{s-ttl | title = Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge | years = 2012–2018 }}{{s-aft | after = Pippa Rogerson }}{{s-end}}{{FRS 1983}}{{Authority control}}{{Gonville and Caius Masters}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fersht, Alan}} 21 : 1943 births|Living people|British chemists|British Jews|Jewish scientists|Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Members of the University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry|Academics of Imperial College London|Fellows of the Royal Society|Knights Bachelor|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization|Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences|Royal Medal winners|English biophysicists|Masters of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gabor Medal|People educated at Sir George Monoux College|People from Walthamstow|Jewish chemists|Bijvoet Medal recipients |
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