| 释义 |
- Taxonomy Revised taxonomy
- Distribution
- Life history
- References
{{automatic taxobox
| image = CeratobatrachusGuentheriLyd.jpg
| image_caption = Ceratobatrachus guentheri
| taxon = Ceratobatrachidae
| authority = Boulenger, 1884
| type_genus = Ceratobatrachus
| type_genus_authority = Boulenger, 1884
| synonyms = Ceratobatrachinae
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =5, see text.
}}The Ceratobatrachidae are a family of frogs[1][2] found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands.[1] TaxonomyThe Ceratobatrachidae have formerly been treated as a subfamily (i.e., Ceratobatrachinae) in the family Ranidae (true frogs), but they do not seem to be particularly closely related to other former ranids. The four genera are:[1] - Alcalus (5 species)
- Cornufer Tschudi, 1838 (> 50 species)
- Liurana Dubois, 1987 (4 species)
- Platymantis Günther, 1858 (> 30 species)
The following genera were formerly recognized, and have now been merged into the genera above. - Batrachylodes Boulenger, 1887 (8 species)
- Palmatorappia Ahl, 1927 (1 species)
- Ceratobatrachus Boulenger, 1884 (1 species)
- Discodeles Boulenger, 1918 (5 species)
The largest genus, Platymantis, is known to be paraphyletic. Solving this problem will likely lead to a more narrowly defined Platymantis, possibly by transferring some species (together with Batrachylodes) to a larger Ceratobatrachus.[3] In addition, "Ingerana" baluensis (Boulenger, 1896) is placed incertae sedis in this family, as opposed to Dicroglossidae where the rest of Ingerana are.[1] Revised taxonomyBrown, et al. (2015)[4] proposes the following new taxonomy for Ceratobatrachidae based on molecular phylogenetics and data from recently discovered species. Brown's classification reduces the total number of genera down to 3, namely Alcalus, Cornufer, and Platymantis. Liurana is a recently proposed genus of frogs from the Eastern Himalayan region that belongs to Ceratobatrachidae.[5] Liurana belongs to the subfamily Liuraninae. - Family Ceratobatrachidae
- Subfamily Liuraninae
- Genus Liurana
- Liurana reticulata (= Ingerana reticulata)
- Liurana xizangensis (= Limnonectes xizangensis)
- Liurana medogensis (= Limnonectes medogensis)
- Liurana alpina (= Limnonectes alpinus)
- Subfamily Alcalinae
- Genus Alcalus (= part of Ingerana, including Ingerana mariae, Ingerana baluensis, and Ingerana rajae)
- Subfamily Ceratobatrachinae
- Genus Cornufer — Melanesia and South Pacific distribution
- Subgenus Potamorana (= part of Discodeles, including Discodeles malukuna and Discodeles bufoniformis)
- Subgenus Ceratobatrachus
- Cornufer guentheri (= Ceratobatrachus guentheri)
- Cornufer acrochordus (= Platymantis acrochorda)
- Cornufer myersi (= Platymantis myersi)
- Yanuboto clade (= Platymantis vitiensis and Platymantis vitianus)
- Cornufer guppyi (= Discodeles guppyi)
- Cornufer heffernani (= Palmatorappia solomonis)
- Cornufer cheesmanae (= Platymantis cheesmanae)
- Cornufer bufonulus (= Platymantis bufonulus)
- Cornufer caesiops (= Platymantis caesiops)
- Cornufer minutus (= Batrachylodes minutus)
- Cornufer sp. Halmahera Island (= Platymantis sp. Halmahera Island)
- Cornufer bimaculatus (= Platymantis bimaculatus)
- Cornufer batantae (= Platymantis batantae)
- Subgenus Batrachylodes (= Genus Batrachylodes)
- Subgenus Aenigmanura (= Platymantis)
- Genus Platymantis — Philippine distribution
- Subgenus Tagomukhus (= Platymantis corrugatus Group)
- Subgenus Lahatnanguri (= Platymantis guentheri and Platymantis dorsalis Group species)
- Subgenus Tirahanulap (= Platymantis hazelae Group)
- Subgenus Tahananpuno (= Platymantis guentheri Group)
- Subgenus Lupacolus (= Platymantis dorsalis Group)
Below is the fully expanded tree, with the new species names listed for each subgenus. - Family Ceratobatrachidae
- Subfamily Liuraninae
- Liurana
- Liurana reticulata
- Liurana xizangensis
- Liurana medogensis
- Liurana alpina
- Subfamily Alcalinae
- Genus Alcalus
- Alcalus mariae
- Alcalus baluensis
- Alcalus rajae
- Alcalus sariba
- Alcalus tasanae
- Subfamily Ceratobatrachinae
- Genus Cornufer
- Subgenus Potamorana
- Cornufer malukuna
- Cornufer bufoniformis
- Subgenus Ceratobatrachus
- Cornufer guentheri
- Cornufer acrochordus
- Cornufer myersi
- Cornufer vitiensis
- Cornufer vitianus
- Cornufer guppyi
- Cornufer heffernani
- Cornufer cheesmanae
- Cornufer bufonulus
- Cornufer caesiops
- Cornufer minutus
- Cornufer sp. Halmahera Island
- Cornufer bimaculatus
- Cornufer batantae
- Subgenus Batrachylodes
- Cornufer trossulus
- Cornufer vertebralis
- Cornufer wolfi
- Subgenus Aenigmanura
- Cornufer neckeri
- Cornufer parilis
- Cornufer guppyi
- Cornufer desticans
- Cornufer magnus
- Cornufer solomonis
- Cornufer weberi
- Cornufer admiraltiensis
- Cornufer latro
- Cornufer gilliardi
- Cornufer boulengeri
- Cornufer papuensis
- Cornufer pelewensis
- Cornufer akarithymus
- Cornufer sulcatus
- Cornufer nexipus
- Cornufer manus
- Cornufer adiastolus
- Cornufer schmidti
- Cornufer custos
- Cornufer macrosceles
- Cornufer mamusiorum
- Cornufer nakanaiorum
- Genus Platymantis
- Subgenus Tagomukhus — widespread distribution
- Platymantis corrugatus
- Subgenus Lahatnanguri — Luzon, Romblon, and West Visayas distribution
- Platymantis pygmaeus
- Platymantis levigata
- Platymantis insulatus
- Platymantis banahao
- Subgenus Tirahanulap — Luzon, Romblon, and West Visayas distribution
- Platymantis isarog
- Platymantis subterrestris
- Platymantis lawtoni
- Platymantis hazelae
- Platymantis panayensis
- Platymantis polillensis
- Platymantis sierramadrensis
- Platymantis rivularis
- Platymantis montanus
- Subgenus Tahananpuno — Bicol Peninsula and Visayas distribution
- Platymantis diesmosi
- Platymantis bayani
- Platymantis guentheri
- Platymantis rabori
- Platymantis luzonensis
- Platymantis negrosensis
- Subgenus Lupacolus — Luzon distribution
- Platymantis cagayanensis
- Platymantis taylori
- Platymantis pseudodorsalis
- Platymantis naomii
- Platymantis mimula
- Platymantis indeprensus
- Platymantis quezoni
DistributionCeratobatrachidae is distributed across Island Southeast Asia,[4] as well as in the Eastern Himalayas. - Genus
- //Liurana">Liurana
- Eastern Himalayas: 4 species
- Genus
- //Alcalus">Alcalus
- Borneo: 2 species (Alcalus baluensis and Alcalus rajae)
- Palawan: 1 species (Alcalus mariae)
- Genus
- //Platymantis">Platymantis
- Philippines: 50-60 species
- Genus
- //Cornufer">Cornufer
- Palau: 1 species
- Maluku: 3-4 species
- New Guinea: 6-8 species
- Bismarck Archipelago: 18-22 species
- Solomon Islands: 20-25 species
- Fiji: 2 species
Life historyAll Ceratobatrachidae lay eggs outside of water and undergo direct development where eggs hatch directly into froglets, without free-living tadpole stages.[6] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Ceratobatrachidae |title=Ceratobatrachidae Boulenger, 1884 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=22 February 2014}}
2. ^{{ITIS|id=773179 |taxon=Ceratobatrachidae Boulenger, 1884}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Ceratobatrachidae/Platymantis |title=Platymantis Günther, 1858 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=22 February 2014}}
4. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Rafe M. |last2=Siler |first2=Cameron D. |last3=Richards |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Diesmos |first4=Arvin C. |last5=Cannatella |first5=David C. |title=Multilocus phylogeny and a new classification for Southeast Asian and Melanesian forest frogs (family Ceratobatrachidae) |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=174 |issue=1 |year=2015 |pages=130–168 |doi=10.1111/zoj.12232}}
5. ^{{aut|Yan, F., Jiang, K., Jin, J.-q., Suwannapoom, C., Li, C., Vindum, J.V., Brown, R. M. & Che, J.}} 2016. The Australasian frog family Ceratobatrachidae in China, Myanmar and Thailand: discovery of a new Himalayan forest frog clade. Zoological research Kunming 37: 7–14. [comb. nov. p. 11–12]
6. ^{{cite book |title=Skeletal Variation in Melanesian Forest Frogs (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) |last=Fuiten |first=Allison Marie |year=2012 |publisher=M.A. thesis , University of Kansas |pages=69 |url=http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/handle/1808/10647 |accessdate=22 February 2014}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q55459}} 4 : Ceratobatrachidae|Frogs by classification|Amphibian families|Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger |