“Cervical cancer staging”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Cervical cancer staging

释义

Stages
References

Cervical cancer staging is the assessment of cervical cancer to decide how far the disease has progressed. Cancer staging generally runs from stage 0, which is pre-cancerous or non-invasive, to stage IV, in which the cancer has spread throughout a significant part of the body.^[1]

Cervical cancer is staged by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system, which is based on clinical examination, rather than surgical findings.^[2] It allows only the following diagnostic tests to be used in determining the stage: palpation (feeling with the fingers), inspection, colposcopy, endocervical curettage, hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, proctoscopy, intravenous urography, and X-ray examination of the lungs and skeleton, and cervical conization.

Stages

Stage 0: The carcinoma is confined to the surface layer (cells lining) of the cervix. Also called carcinoma in situ (CIS).

Stage I: The carcinoma has grown deeper into the cervix, but has not spread beyond it (extension to the corpus would be disregarded). Stage One is subdivided as follows:

IA Invasive carcinoma which can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with deepest invasion ≤5 mm and the largest extension ≤7 mm

IA-1 Measured stromal invasion of ≤3.0 mm in depth and extension of ≤7.0 mm

IA-2 Measured stromal invasion of >3.0 mm and not >5.0 mm with an extension of not >7.0 mm

IB Clinically visible lesions limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA

IB-1 Clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension

IB-2 Clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension

Stage II: Cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina

IIA Without parametrial invasion

IIA-1 Clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension

IIA-2 Clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension

IIB With obvious parametrial invasion

Stage III: The tumour extends to the pelvic wall and/or involves lower third of the vagina and/or causes hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney

IIIA Tumour involves lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall

IIIB Extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney

Stage IV: The carcinoma has extended beyond the true pelvis or has involved (biopsy proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum. A bullous oedema, as such, does not permit a case to be allotted to Stage IV

IVA Spread of the growth to adjacent organs

IVB Spread to distant organs^[3]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging|title=Staging|website=National Cancer Institute|language=en|access-date=2018-11-07}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staged.html|title=Cervical Cancer Stages|website=www.cancer.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-07}}
3. ^{{cite book | last = Rosdahl | first = Caroline | title = Textbook of basic nursing | publisher = Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | location = Philadelphia | year = 2012 | page=1550|isbn = 1605477729 }}

2 : Oncology|Infectious causes of cancer

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。