词条 | Chamical |
释义 |
|official_name = Chamical |other_name = |native_name = |nicknames = Perla de los Llanos ("Pearl of the Plains"), Ciudad del Cohete ("Rocket City") |settlement_type = City |motto = |image_skyline = ChamicalStreet.jpeg |imagesize = |image_caption = View southwest along Avenida Perón in downtown Chamical. The brushy Sierra de los Quinteros range can be seen in distant background |image_flag = Bandera_Chamical_La_Rioja_Arg_ar-f-cm.png |flag_size = |image_seal = ChamicalCOA.jpeg |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Argentina |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize= 100 |pushpin_map_caption = Map of Argentina with Chamical highlighted |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Argentina}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = La Rioja |subdivision_type2 = Department |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_party = Justicialist Party |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Daniel G. Elías |established_title = City status |established_date = 1955 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = 2010 census |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 12,919 |population_density_km2 = |timezone = ART |utc_offset = -3 |coordinates = {{coord|30|21|S|66|19|W|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 471 |elevation_ft = |elevation_point = at City Hall |postal_code_type = Zip code |postal_code = F5380 |area_code = 03826 |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = BSh |website = |footnotes = }} Chamical is a small city in, and the seat of government of, Chamical Department in the south of La Rioja Province, Argentina.[1] With a population of 12,919 permanent residents at the {{Census-ar|2010}}, up from 11,831 at the time of the 2001 census, it is the third-most populous settlement in La Rioja Province after Chilecito. It is home to the CELPA aerospace test center, founded in 1961 and operated by the Argentine Air Force. The town, which is crossed by the Tirante wadi, lies on the Ruta 38 (Spanish Wikipedia), around 140 km from La Rioja (2 hours by bus), and some 300 km from Córdoba (4 hours by bus). This young urban habitation has been an important site in several stages of Argentine history during the past fifty years. Chamical is regarded as the tango hub in La Rioja Province. Name originChamical got its name from the many specimens of the medicinal herb known as chamico (Spanish, "jimsonweed") found growing wild in the area. Geography and climateChamical is located in the droughty Llanos Riojanos (Spanish for "Riojan Plains") and has four distinct seasons, giving it a BSh hot semi-arid climate under the Köppen climate classification. The dry period of April to October is mild to cool, with the normal monthly mean temperature reaching its lowest in July at {{convert|11.7|C|F|1}}. The rainy period of November to March is warm to hot, with the normal monthly mean temperature peaking in January at {{convert|26.4|C|F|1}}. There has hardly ever been any snow or frost, but there has often been hail. Total yearly precipitation averages a scanty {{convert|448.8|mm|in|0}} with plentiful sunny days, and the rainfall centers in summer. The wettest month is January, during which time Chamical receives an average of {{convert|94.1|mm|in|0}}. Winters are quite cool, but usually sunny; rather, snowfall is an odd occurrence. The Servicio Meteorológico Nacional reports that July is the coldest month with a mean high of {{convert|18.7|C|F|1}} and a mean low of {{convert|5.7|C|F|1}}. Springtime is mild, windy and wontedly warm. Summers are hot (as is common with La Rioja Province), somewhat rainy and, most often, the mercury rises to 38 degrees Celsius (≈100 Fahrenheit) or higher in the shade, which means unpleasant. The rain brings some relief from the stifling Riojan heat. January, the warmest month, has an average high of {{convert|33.4|C|F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|20.1|C|F|1}}. Fall is mild and pleasant, but can go chilly. The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|45.5|C|F|1}} on December 25, 2013 while the lowest temperature on record was {{convert|-7.7|C|F|1}} on July 31, 1993.[2] {{Weather box|location=Chamical (1981–2010, extremes 1963–present)|single line=y |metric first =y |Jan record high C = 45.2 |Feb record high C = 42.2 |Mar record high C = 40.2 |Apr record high C = 38.2 |May record high C = 34.5 |Jun record high C = 29.3 |Jul record high C = 31.5 |Aug record high C = 40.4 |Sep record high C = 41.7 |Oct record high C = 41.2 |Nov record high C = 42.8 |Dec record high C = 45.5 |year record high C = 45.5 |Jan high C = 33.2 |Feb high C = 31.6 |Mar high C = 29.2 |Apr high C = 25.2 |May high C = 21.4 |Jun high C = 18.3 |Jul high C = 18.6 |Aug high C = 22.0 |Sep high C = 25.0 |Oct high C = 29.3 |Nov high C = 31.7 |Dec high C = 33.5 |year high C = 26.6 |Jan mean C = 26.5 |Feb mean C = 25.1 |Mar mean C = 23.2 |Apr mean C = 19.1 |May mean C = 15.2 |Jun mean C = 11.9 |Jul mean C = 11.3 |Aug mean C = 14.4 |Sep mean C = 17.7 |Oct mean C = 22.2 |Nov mean C = 24.6 |Dec mean C = 26.4 |year mean C = 19.8 |Jan low C = 20.3 |Feb low C = 19.3 |Mar low C = 18.1 |Apr low C = 14.1 |May low C = 10.0 |Jun low C = 6.6 |Jul low C = 5.3 |Aug low C = 7.7 |Sep low C = 10.6 |Oct low C = 15.1 |Nov low C = 17.7 |Dec low C = 19.7 |year low C = 13.7 |Jan record low C = 10.3 |Feb record low C = 8.9 |Mar record low C = 4.5 |Apr record low C = 1.0 |May record low C = -4.0 |Jun record low C = -5.0 |Jul record low C = -7.7 |Aug record low C = -7.5 |Sep record low C = -3.1 |Oct record low C = 1.0 |Nov record low C = 4.5 |Dec record low C = 6.0 |year record low C = -7.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 105.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 95.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 68.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 26.6 |May precipitation mm = 9.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 2.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 4.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 1.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 9.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 30.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 42.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 83.5 |year precipitation mm = 479.4 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 8.6 |Feb precipitation days = 6.6 |Mar precipitation days = 6.8 |Apr precipitation days = 4.4 |May precipitation days = 2.7 |Jun precipitation days = 1.5 |Jul precipitation days = 1.4 |Aug precipitation days = 1.0 |Sep precipitation days = 2.2 |Oct precipitation days = 2.9 |Nov precipitation days = 5.4 |Dec precipitation days = 7.2 |year precipitation days = 50.7 |Jan humidity = 60.0 |Feb humidity = 63.3 |Mar humidity = 67.4 |Apr humidity = 68.6 |May humidity = 68.7 |Jun humidity = 67.4 |Jul humidity = 60.0 |Aug humidity = 50.3 |Sep humidity = 46.5 |Oct humidity = 47.3 |Nov humidity = 50.5 |Dec humidity = 54.8 |year humidity = 58.7 |source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[3][4] |source 2 = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)[2] |date=2014}} Neighboring towns{{Geographic Location|Centre=Chamical |East=Chañar |North=Casa de Piedra |Northwest=La Rioja |South=Olta |Southwest=Chepes |West=Punta de los Llanos }} Landmark snapshotsReferences1. ^Ministerio del Interior {{es icon}} {{coord|30|22|S|66|19|W|display=title|region:AR_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}2. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php |title = Chamical, La Rioja |work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales |publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario |language = Spanish |accessdate = June 15, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas.txt| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1981-2010| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional| language = Spanish| accessdate = January 20, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web |url = https://www2.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo |title = Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Chamical Aero |work = Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo |publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language = Spanish |accessdate = 4 October 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904022616/https://www2.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo# |archive-date = 2017-09-04 |dead-url = yes |df = }} 1 : Populated places in La Rioja Province, Argentina |
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