| 词条 | Charles Gwynn |
| 释义 |
| name =Sir Charles Gwynn | image = | caption = | birth_date =4 February 1870 | death_date =12 February 1963 (aged 93) | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = | birth_place =County Donegal, Ireland | death_place =Dublin, Ireland | nickname = | allegiance ={{flag|United Kingdom}} | branch ={{army|United Kingdom}} | serviceyears =1889–1931 |servicenumber= | rank =Major General | unit =Royal Engineers | commands =Staff College, Camberley | battles =World War I | awards =Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order | relations = | laterwork = }} Major General Sir Charles William Gwynn, KCB, CMG, DSO, FRGS (4 February 1870 – 12 February 1963) was an Irish born British Army officer, geographer, explorer and author of works on military history and theory. Military careerCharles William Gwynn was the fourth son of John Gwynn (1827–1917), Regius Professor of Divinity at Trinity College, Dublin, and his wife, Lucy Josephine (1840–1907) daughter of the Irish nationalist William Smith O'Brien. He was born at Ramelton, County Donegal, while his father was rector of the local church. He was educated at St. Columba's College, Dublin and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 15 February 1889.[1] Promoted to lieutenant on 15 February 1892, he saw active service in West Africa 1893–94 in operations against the Sofas,[2] and in 1897 joined the geographical section of the Intelligence Branch of the War Office.[1] Following the reconquest of Sudan from the Mahdi, Gwynn undertook survey work there,[2] remaining until 1904. He was promoted to captain on 15 February 1900,[3] received a brevet promotion to major on the following day,[4] and was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his survey work determining the Sudanese/Abyssinian border.[1] He attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1905 to 1906.[5] In June 1911, he was detailed to Australia as an instructor at the Royal Military College, Duntroon,[2] where he served as the director of military art, instructing cadets in tactics, strategy and military history, with the local rank of lieutenant colonel. During much of his time there he acted as Commandant while the head of the College, Brigadier General W.T. Bridges, was away on tour.[5] With the outbreak of World War I, he returned to England, where he unsuccessfully sought a posting to France. In July 1915, he was sent to the Middle East and was appointed General staff Officer Grade 1 (GSO1) of the Australian 2nd Division at Gallipoli. He was eventually posted to serve as the Chief of Staff of the II Anzac Corps, a position he held until the end of the war. He was present at the battle of Messines in June 1917.[5] His brother, Stephen, and Stephen's son, Dennis, also served in the Great War.[6] Gwynn was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1918. During the Great War he was mentioned in dispatches six times, received the brevet ranks of lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and was awarded the Belgian Croix de Guerre and the French Légion d'honneur.[5] After World War I, he served in a variety of staff assignments, culminating in May 1926 when he was made Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley.[2] Upon his retirement in 1931,[2] he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.[5] After his retirement, in 1934, Major General Gwynn wrote Imperial Policing, now regarded as a classic in the field of low intensity conflict and small wars.[7] Gwynn was of medium height and wiry in build. He had a slight stammer.[8] Publications by Charles Gwynn
PhotographsReferences1. ^1 2 The Geographical Journal, Vol. 129, No. 2 (Jun. 1963), pp. 251–251 2. ^1 2 3 4 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=27167|page=1172| date=20 February 1900}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=27168|page=1260|date=23 February 1900}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 Gavin Long, 'Gwynn, Sir Charles William (1870–1963)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, Melbourne University Press, 1983, pp 146–147 6. ^Irish Times, 22 May 2017 7. ^Command of the Army, Charles Gwynn and Imperial Policing: The British Doctrinal Approach to Internal Security in Palestine 1919–29, Robert Johnson, in The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History Volume 43, 2015, Issue 4, pp 570–589 8. ^Full Circle, General Sydney F. Rowell, 1974 External links
15 : 1870 births|1963 deaths|Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath|Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George|Companions of the Distinguished Service Order|Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society|English explorers|Explorers of Africa|Irish people of World War I|British Army personnel of World War I|People from County Down|Royal Engineers officers|Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley|Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Commandants of the Staff College, Camberley |
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