| 词条 | Chemical eye injury |
| 释义 |
| name = | synonym = | image = Chemical burn injury..jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = An alkali burn to the human cornea can cause ocular surface failure with neovascularisation, opacification and blindness resulting from LESC deficiency. | pronounce = | specialty = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Chemical eye injury or chemical burns to the eye are due to either an acidic or alkali substance getting in the eye.[1] Alkalis are typically worse than acidic burns.[2] Mild burns will produce conjunctivitis while more severe burns may cause the cornea to turn white.[2] Litmus paper is an easy way to rule out the diagnosis by verifying that the pH is within the normal range of 7.0—7.2.[1] Large volumes of irrigation is the treatment of choice and should continue until the pH is 6—8.[2] Local anesthetic eye drops can be used to decrease the pain.[2] EpidemiologyIn the United States, chemical eye injuries most commonly occur among working-age adults.[3] A 2016 analysis of emergency department visits from 2010-2013 reported over 36,000 visits annually for chemical burns to the eye, with a median age at presentation of 32 years.[4] By individual year of age, 1- and 2-year-old children have the highest incidence of these injuries, with rates approximately 50% higher than the highest-risk adult group (25 years), and 13 times higher than the rate among 7-year-olds.[4] Further research identified [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laundry_detergent_pod#Poisonings laundry detergent pods] as a major source of injury among small children.[5] References1. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Zentani A, Burslem J |title=Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 4: use of litmus paper in chemical eye injury |journal=Emerg Med J |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=887 |date=December 2009 |pmid=19934140 |doi=10.1136/emj.2009.086124 |url=}} {{eye-stub}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |vauthors=Hodge C, Lawless M |title=Ocular emergencies |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=506–9 |date=July 2008 |pmid=18592066 |doi= |url=}} 3. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Saini JS, Sharma A |title=Ocular chemical burns-clinical and demographic profile. |journal= Burns |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=67–69 | date=February 1993 |doi=10.1016/0305-4179(93)90104-G}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Haring RS, Sheffield ID, Channa R, Canner JK, Schneider EB |title=Epidemiologic Trends of Chemical Ocular Burns in the United States. |journal=JAMA Ophthalmology |volume= 134|date=August 2016 |pmid=27490908| doi= 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2645 |pages=1119–1124}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Haring|first1=R. S.|last2=Sheffield|first2=I. D.|last3=Frattaroli|first3=S|title=Detergent Pod–Related Eye Injuries Among Preschool-Aged Children|journal=JAMA Ophthalmology|date=2 February 2017|doi=10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.5694}} 1 : Disorders of conjunctiva |
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