| 词条 | Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = Stone of Sisyphus | type = Studio | artist = Chicago | cover = chicagosos.jpg | alt = | released = June 17, 2008 | recorded = 1993 | venue = | studio = | genre = Rock | length = | label = Rhino Records | producer = Peter Wolf | prev_title = 40th Anniversary Edition | prev_year = 2007 | next_title = O Christmas Three | next_year = 2011 | misc = {{Singles | name = Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus | type = studio | single1 = Let's Take a Lifetime | single1date = June 2008 }} }}Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus is the twenty-first studio album, and thirty-second overall, by Chicago. Often referred to as their "lost" album, it was recorded in 1993 and originally intended to be released as Stone of Sisyphus on March 22, 1994, as their eighteenth studio album and twenty-second total album. However, the album was unexpectedly and controversially rejected by the record company, which reportedly contributed to Chicago's later decision to leave their services entirely. Even after the band eventually acquired rights over their catalog, the album remained unreleased until June 17, 2008, after a delay of fourteen years and ten more albums.[1] History{{quote box | quoted=1 | border=none | align=right | width=25% | quote=No matter how prolific we are ... 'Hey man, that'll never get on the radio.'|author=—Jimmy Pankow}}With the releases of Chicago 18, Chicago 19, and Twenty 1, the band with its new generation of members would accomplish what vocalist and bassist Jason Scheff described as a "new legacy" for the 1990s. The next album, initially assumed to be called Chicago XXII, was conceived out of a desire to rediscover the band's personal, musical, and cultural roots, as an entity existing apart from its ultimately commercially marketed trappings. Scheff reflected, "In a sense, it was the beginning of that spirit ... of making music for the right reasons."[2] Concluding their recent album series with producers David Foster, Chas Sandford, and Ron Nevison, the band reapproached Peter Wolf to be the producer of the album. Having already declined the band's employ in the distant past due to scheduling issues, he now accommodated.[3]{{rp|70}} He admonished them, "Don't try to write a hit. ... You have to have your love in mind, and a hit record might happen."[3]{{rp|79}} Scheff later reflected that Sisyphus "was our statement ... taking all the motives away from [the idea that], 'I've got to make a hit; I've got to use outside writers' material'".[2] Walter Parazaider called it "a record that had to be made."[3]{{rp|71}} Thus, against the distant backdrop of wildfires in and around Los Angeles,[3]{{rp|86}} collaboration ensued at the residential studio of producer Peter Wolf. {{cquote|Sisyphus believed he could tackle that rock one more time ...}}ProductionThe musical content of Stone of Sisyphus was reportedly developed in "complete secrecy" from the entire outside world including the record label, in order to emphasize the band's creative sovereignty.[3]{{rp|83}} "Sleeping in the Middle of the Bed" was one of the album's more uniquely styled and potentially commercially controversial tracks. Containing themes of early hip-hop and chants, it was inspired by the 1960s' precursors of rap music, as taken from the band's listening sessions of composer Robert Lamm's personal collection of old records by The Last Poets.[3]{{rp|75–76}} "Bigger Than Elvis" is an unusually personal ballad, nostalgically recalling Jason Scheff's childhood adulation and heartsickness resulting from his father Jerry Scheff's traveling career as Elvis Presley's bassist, as had been canonized in the television broadcast of Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite. Peter Wolf and his wife Ina heard Scheff's stories and coauthored the song. As a surprise to his father, Jason Scheff solicited his father's isolated bass guitar performance for the clandestine track, later revealing the true purpose of the completed song as a gift.[3]{{rp|77–79}} "Twenty Years on the Sufferbus" was the original title of what eventually became the album's title track, originally composed by Dawayne Bailey as a demo song without lyrics during Chicago's 1989 tour.[3]{{rp|81}} According to Bailey, Lee Loughnane would go on to receive cowriting credits on the song for having promoted Bailey's demo amongst the other band members.[12] With the key word "sufferbus" already having been recently used on the 1992 album Sunrise on the Sufferbus by Masters of Reality,[13] and rejecting the lyrical draft of "I'm gonna send my love to the universe", the search for a similar-sounding word ultimately also yielded an accompanying ancient mythos.[14] Robert Lamm's early suggestion was to title the album as Resolve, in order to depart once again from the band's standard numerical nomenclature of Chicago XXII due to the band's collective idea of this album's significance.[14][16] As the subject matter of the title track's lyrics solidified, the album was renamed and then finally planned for release as Stone of Sisyphus in the United States on March 22, 1994. Even after its completion, the band had every anticipation of the album's release and reception.[17] Managerial receptionRegardless of secrecy in development, Peter Wolf described an overwhelmingly positive reception by the prevailing management at Warner Bros., of the album's overall sound and motivation when he delivered the final draft sometime between September and November 1993.[2][3]{{rp|83}} {{quotation|... it could not have gone better. Michael [Ostin, head of Warner Bros. A&R] listened to the tracks, he jumped up and down, he told me again and again, 'Oh, my God, now that's a hit! I love that! That's a hit! God, what a killer record. It's gonna fly out the first week!'[3]{{rp|83}}|Peter Wolf, Producer of Chicago's Stone of Sisyphus}}Warner Bros. created the album's artwork, depicting a likeness of the toiling mythical protagonist, Sisyphus.[16] T-shirts were printed for the impending tour, though they confusingly contained references to the nonexistent title, Chicago XXII. However, the book The Greatest Music Never Sold by Dan Leroy states that within one month from the album's initial delivery to A&R, the entire project was suddenly and unilaterally rejected. Regardless of the expected industry procedures, there was reportedly no strategic contact from the record company toward the band's management; there was made no industry-standard attempt whatsoever for any renegotiation, remixing, rerecording, or reassignment.[3]{{rp|84}} {{quotation|[Stone of Sisyphus] was a little too adventuresome, shall we say, for the label at the time. ... They were expecting another "If You Leave Me Now," "Hard to Say I'm Sorry." ... They asked us to go back and do it again and we said, "Sorry, this is where we're at." | Chicago's cofounder and trombonist, Jimmy Pankow[23]}}Though no explanation of this controversy might ever be recovered from the perspective of the record company, Jason Scheff later explained that Warner Bros. Records had endured a major internal reorganization near that time. The band and its producer said this event had suddenly injected Warner Bros. with new management personnel who doubted the album's future sales performance against the company's requirements. Scheff explained that "the record label wasn't thrilled with the fact that they weren't involved ... during the making of it, plus a lot of political stuff was going on, where Warner Bros. was going through a big change, and letting some of their top executives go."[2][25] FalloutProducer Peter Wolf rebuked the record company's unforeseen abrupt edict as being "only about politics and greed ... nothing to do with the talent"[23] and that it was "Purely a business decision."[3]{{rp|86}} According to author Dan Leroy, "everyone involved" found it "devastating"; Wolf says he was "flabbergasted"; and Dawayne Bailey says, "[a] part of me died". The label's rejection cascaded down to contribute to a "schism within the band". These issues then directed the decisions of the band's own management, which in turn fueled controversy within the band. Management's acquiescence to the label's position, then coerced the same from most of the band's remaining founding members. Those members' yielding position contrasted with other members who nevertheless remained "determined to fight for Chicago's artistic freedom".[3]{{rp|84}} With the album representing the delivery of Dawayne Bailey's first formal compositions and studio recordings with Chicago and yielding a personal epic in the form of Sisyphus,[3]{{rp|80–83}}[30] his contract with the band was not renewed, thus yielding a position for guitarist Keith Howland. Leaving the completed Stone of Sisyphus in a yet unreleased status, the band's new trend of revitalized artistic output would nevertheless continue, instead releasing 1995's Night & Day: Big Band to a peak position of #90 on America's Billboard 200.[31][32] The combination of the overarching philosophical and commercial divergence with Warner Bros., the band's new struggle to renegotiate its copyrights over its extensive classic catalog,{{citation needed|date=July 2008}} and the fact that Sisyphus would have been the final album on the band's contract,[3]{{rp|86}} all culminated in a severance between Chicago and Warner Bros. in favor of Rhino Records and then ultimately in favor of independent publishing. Later, the band's managerial failure to issue an official press release regarding the unreleased aftermath of Sisyphus and the subsequent departure of guitarist Dawayne Bailey, left fans to years of rampant debate and conjecture. Through its official website, as well as public discussion forums of past and present band members, the band's organization actively worked to quell discussion and debate about Stone of Sisyphus,{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} while sporadically releasing thematic and compilation albums. Finally, the album was officially released as Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus on June 17, 2008, following fifteen years and ten albums after its completion. {{quotation|[Presenting to the record label the new style that is Sisyphus] was laughable to these suits, because [they said], "Oh no, no, no, that's not Chicago!" And so we're up against this image thing, and no matter how prolific we are, in terms of up-tempo songs, it's like they don't trust it. Our manager comes to us and says, 'Hey man, that'll never get on the radio. We know programmers, our A&R guy in the office couldn't shop that song no matter what he did.'"|Jimmy Pankow, on Chicago's history of creative struggle in the modern era as of 1999[34]}}{{quotation|[The mythological] Sisyphus believed he could tackle that rock one more time ... and that's the kind of faith you have to have in yourself and your work.|composer, guitarist, lyricist, and vocalist on Chicago's Stone of Sisyphus, Dawayne Bailey[3]{{rp|89}}}}ReleasesPost-1994Like Smile by The Beach Boys, Third (or Has Anyone Here Seen Siegfried?) by Pavlov's Dog, and Chinese Democracy by Guns n' Roses, Stone of Sisyphus acquired a legend of its own. Tracks from the unreleased album surfaced on bootleg recordings which were distributed via tape and the Internet,[3]{{rp|88}} while many of the songs appeared on albums from the various constituent artists, and from Chicago's own legitimate compilations. To preview the upcoming Sisyphus album, the band performed "The Pull" in a live concert on July 9, 1993, as part of the video album titled Chicago: In Concert at Greek Theatre.[1] The title song and "Bigger Than Elvis" were first released in Canada on the 1995 double CD compilation Overtime (Astral Music). A single edit-version of "Let's Take A Lifetime" debuted in Europe on the 1996 Arcade Records compilation called The Very Best Of Chicago (a title which would be reused in North America in 2002). Five of the 12 tracks were released in Japan between 1997 and 1998 on the very rare green and gold editions of The Heart of Chicago compilations: "All the Years" (debut), "Bigger Than Elvis", and "Sleeping in the Middle of the Bed Again" (debut) all appear on the green-clad The Heart of Chicago 1967-1981, Volume II (Teichiku, 1997), with "The Pull" and "Here with Me (A Candle for the Dark)" appearing on the gold-clad The Heart of Chicago 1982-1998, Volume II (WEA Japan, 1998). In 2003, the group finally allowed three tracks from Stone of Sisyphus — "All the Years", the title song "Stone of Sisyphus", and "Bigger Than Elvis" — to be officially released in the United States on The Box by Rhino Records. Solo versionsKeyboard player Robert Lamm previously recorded a solo version of "All the Years" in the early 1990s for his 1993 solo album Life Is Good in My Neighborhood (initially released in Japan by Reprise Records in 1993, it was released in 1995 in the US by Chicago's then label Chicago Records), and a version of "Sleeping in the Middle of the Bed (Again)" for his 1999 album In My Head. Keyboard player and guitarist Bill Champlin recorded "Proud of Our Blindness," which was a slightly different lyrical version of "Cry for the Lost," for his 1995 solo album Through It All, whose liner notes included his personal criticism of the major record labels inspired by the controversy Chicago had with Warner Bros. over Stone of Sisyphus. Bass player Jason Scheff recorded a solo version of "Mah-Jong" for his 1997 solo album Chauncy. 2008 releaseIn May 2008, Rhino Records announced that Stone of Sisyphus would be released with four bonus songs. Officially, the album received the number "XXXII" in the band's album count (following Chicago XXX and 40th Anniversary Edition). In various catalogs, it has been referenced as Chicago XXX II: Stone of Sisyphus or Stone of Sisyphus: XXXII.{{clarify|date=July 2013}} One of the songs originally intended for the 1994 release, entitled "Get on This" (written by Dawayne Bailey, James Pankow, and Walter Parazaider's daughter Felicia), was not included in the 2008 release. An official reason for this omission was not given by Chicago or Rhino Records. Critical reception{{Album ratings| rev1 = AllMusic | rev1Score = {{Rating|2.5|5}}[1] | rev2 = DailyVault | rev2Score = (B+)[40] | rev3 = Glide Magazine | rev3Score = {{Rating|4|10}}[41] | rev4 = Stomp and Stammer | rev4Score = (mixed)[42] }} The album spent two weeks on the Billboard 200 chart, peaking at No. 122. The critical reaction upon the album's delayed release has been mixed, though fairly acknowledging the commercial challenges faced by many established artists against the prevailing sounds of the 1990s, including electronica and the emerging genre of grunge. While Jeff Clutterbuck writing for The Daily Vault gave it a detailed positive review, which he concluded with a B+ rating, other critics were less generous. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic.com gave it a 2.5 star review (out of 5), saying "judged alongside Chicago's other albums it's flat-out bizarre."[1] Doug Collette's long review written for Glide Magazine came with eight stars out of ten, finding a "wealth of ideas" and stating "Anyone who remembers the invigorating sound of the original Chicago will find Stone of Sisyphus wholly comparable, if perhaps not its complete equal." Although he praised the horn section on "Mah-Jong" as well as the rhythm section of Tris Imboden and Jason Scheff, he found a lack of power and aggressiveness on "Sleeping in the Middle of the Bed".[41] J.R. Taylor's review in Stomp and Stammer was ambiguously mixed, noting the album's counter-commercial tendencies. Taylor elaborated that the "big corporate-rock" industry's agenda "really would let [Chicago] down" and that it was "hard to imagine what those Warner Bros executives were thinking".[42]
LegacyDuring the production of the album, synthesizer maker Ensoniq created a Chicago-branded edition of its Signature Series of CD-ROM for use by professional audio engineers and musicians. The company recorded isolated elements of the essential sound of the band as it was to appear on Stone of Sisyphus. Intended for synthesizer users to create original music inspired by the sound of Chicago, the disc contains "various licks and articulations" which are represented to "sound exactly as it appears on record, using a combination of close and ambient microphones" from the horn section, Hammond B-3 keyboard, drum set, bass guitar, lead guitar, and vocals. The resulting disc contains a bonus audio track by Jason Scheff, titled "Evangeline".[46] Producer Peter Wolf recalls of the mutually beneficial arrangement, "We used a lot of Ensoniq gear on that record. They were the happening keyboard manufacturer, no doubt about it."[3]{{rp|298}} Myth of Sisyphus{{Main|Sisyphus}}In ancient Greek mythology, King Sisyphus was sentenced to roll an enchanted boulder up a hill, only to stand just before the peak and watch it roll itself back down, and to repeat this action forever. This consigned Sisyphus to an eternity of useless efforts and unending frustration, and thus it came to pass that pointless or interminable activities are sometimes described as Sisyphean. It is suggested that Sisyphus symbolizes the vain struggle of man in the pursuit of knowledge.[48] The Myth of Sisyphus saw Sisyphus as personifying the absurdity of human life, but concludes "one must imagine Sisyphus happy" as "The struggle itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man's heart." Another philosophical interpretation involves the politician's quest for power, in itself an "empty thing".[49] In psychological experiments that test how workers respond when the meaning of their task is diminished, the test condition is referred to as the Sisyphusian condition. The two main conclusions of the experiment are that people work harder when they can imagine meaning in their work, and that people underestimate the relationship between meaning and motivation.[50] Track listingThis is the track list, as published in the final 2008 release, Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus. "Get on This" is inexplicably missing. {{Track listing|extra_column=Vocals |title1=Stone of Sisyphus | length1=4:11 | writer1=Dawayne Bailey, Lee Loughnane | extra1=Robert Lamm, Dawayne Bailey |title2=Bigger Than Elvis | length2=4:31 | writer2=Jason Scheff, Peter Wolf, Ina Wolf | extra2= Jason Scheff |title3=All the Years | length3=4:16 | writer3=Robert Lamm, Bruce Gaitsch | extra3= Lamm |title4=Mah-Jong | length4=4:42 | writer4=Scheff, Brock Walsh, Aaron Zigman | extra4=Bill Champlin |title5=Sleeping in the Middle of the Bed | length5=4:45 | writer5=Lamm, John McCurry | extra5=Lamm |title6=Let's Take a Lifetime | length6=4:56 | writer6=Scheff, Walsh, Zigman | extra6=Scheff |title7=The Pull | length7=4:17 | writer7=Lamm, Scheff, P. Wolf | extra7=Scheff |title8=Here with Me (A Candle for the Dark) | length8=4:11 | writer8=James Pankow, Lamm, Greg O'Connor | extra8=Lamm, Scheff, Champlin |title9=Plaid | length9=4:59 | writer9=Bill Champlin, Lamm, Greg Mathieson | extra9=Champlin |title10=Cry for the Lost | length10=5:18 | writer10=Champlin, Dennis Matkosky | extra10=Champlin |title11=The Show Must Go On | length11=5:25 | writer11=Champlin, Gaitsch | extra11=Champlin }}{{Track listing |headline=Bonus tracks |title12=Love Is Forever | note12=Demo | writer12=Pankow, Lamm | length12=4:14 |title13=Mah-Jong | note13=Demo | writer13=Scheff, Walsh, Zigman | length13=4:59 |title14=Let's Take a Lifetime | note14=Demo | writer14=Scheff, Walsh, Zigman | length14=4:15 |title15=Stone of Sisyphus | note15=No Rhythm Loop | writer15=Bailey, Loughnane | length15=4:35 }} PersonnelChicago
Additional musicians
Production
References1. ^{{cite av media | title=Chicago: In Concert at Greek Theatre | location=Burbank, CA | publisher=Warner Reprise Video | date=1993 | type=VHS | oclc= 30707603 | author=Chicago }} [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 {{cite book | title=The Greatest Music Never Sold: Secrets of Legendary Lost Albums by David Bowie, Seal, Beastie Boys, Beck, Chicago, Mick Jagger & More! | first=Dan | last=LeRoy | type=Book | isbn=9780879309053 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40FLKsz7NhcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Greatest+Music+Never+Sold | chapter=Chapter 3: Chicago: Like a Rolling Stone | publisher=Backbeat Books | location=New York | year=2007 | oclc=145378229 | accessdate=July 15, 2013 }} 3. ^1 {{ cite av media | title=Interview with Bill Champlin shot on july 29th 2008 in Paris | date=August 5, 2008 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOIGxYvyoEI| type=A/V stream | first=Arnaud | last=Leger | accessdate=July 15, 2013 }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{ cite av media | title=Interview with Jason Scheff shot on july 29th 2008 in Paris | date=August 5, 2008 | type=A/V stream | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pUV7m5Dh1s | first=Arnaud | last=Leger | accessdate=July 15, 2013 }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news |date=June 17, 2008 |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/06/17/chicago.album/ |title=Chicago releases 'lost' album 15 years after recording it |first=Ed |last=Payne | accessdate=July 15, 2013}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |work=Deseret News |title='Stone of Sisyphus' worth the wait |first=Scott |last=Iwasaki |url=http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,700240245,00.html |date=July 4, 2008 | accessdate=July 15, 2013 }} 7. ^1 {{ cite web |title=Chicago's Lost Album - The Stone of Sisyphus |url=http://www.timmwood.com/sos.html |first=Tim |last=Wood |accessdate=July 20, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111093629/http://www.timmwood.com/sos.html |archivedate=January 11, 2012 |df= }} 8. ^1 {{Allmusic|class=album|id=r216007 | label=Night & Day: Big Band, overview at Allmusic | accessdate=July 15, 2013}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1391522| label=Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus, at Allmusic | accessdate=July 15, 2013}} 10. ^1 {{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1391522|tab=credits| label=Chicago XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus, credits at Allmusic | accessdate=July 15, 2013}} 11. ^1 {{ cite interview | magazine=Modern Drummer | publisher=Modern Drummer Publications | location= Clifton, New Jersey | issn=0194-4533 | url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4660723 | oclc=4660723 | title=Chicago's Tris Imboden |date=December 1995 | interviewer=Robyn Flans | first=Tris | last=Imboden | accessdate=June 23, 2013 }} 12. ^1 2 {{cite web | title=Dawayne Bailey's memo on Stone of Sisyphus | url=http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Loge/5642/db.html | first=Dawayne | last=Bailey | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030406115001/http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Loge/5642/db.html | archivedate=April 6, 2003 | accessdate=July 19, 2013 }} 13. ^1 2 {{ cite web | title=Dawayne Bailey's official SoS page | first=Dawayne | last=Bailey | url=http://www.dawaynebailey.com/sos.htm | accessdate=July 19, 2013 }} 14. ^1 {{cite web | title=Dawayne Bailey: Ensoniq's Signature Series | url=http://www.dawaynebailey.com/ensoniq.htm | first=Dawayne | last=Bailey | accessdate=July 19, 2013}} 15. ^1 {{ cite web | title=Stone Of Sisyphus | first=Jeff | last=Clutterbuck | publisher=DailyVault | date=June 25, 2008 | origyear=based on original review on June 07, 2004 | url=http://dailyvault.com/toc.php5?review=2479 | accessdate=July 21, 2013 }} 16. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Collette|first=Doug|title=Chicago: Stone of Sisyphus|url=http://www.glidemagazine.com/12477/chicago/|work=Glide Magazine|publisher=Glide Publishing LLC|accessdate=July 21, 2013|date=September 3, 2008}} 17. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Chicago, XXXII: Stone of Sisyphus, [Rhino]|url=http://www.stompandstammer.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1414&Itemid=50|publisher=Funny Farms Inc.|first=J.R. | last=Taylor|location=Atlanta, GA | accessdate=July 21, 2013}} 18. ^1 {{ cite interview | title=Interview with Robert Lamm and Jimmy Pankow, Chicago | subjectlink=Jimmy Pankow | first1=Jimmy | last1=Pankow | subjectlink2=Robert Lamm | first2=Robert | last2=Lamm | interviewer=Debbie Kruger | date=March 4, 1999 | publication-date=1999 | url=http://www.debbiekruger.com/writer/freelance/chicago_transcript.html | magazine=Goldmine Magazine }} 19. ^1 {{ allmusic | id=mw0000095642 | class=album | label=Sunrise on the Sufferbus, overview at Allmusic | accessdate=July 22, 2013 }} 20. ^1 {{ cite book | title=On the Nature of Things: De rerum natura | authorlink=Anthony M. Esolen | first=Anthony M. | last=Esolen | chapter=De Rerum Natura III | others=transl. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Univ. Pr. | isbn=0-8018-5055-X | date=1995 | type=didactic poem | origyear=1st century BC }} 21. ^1 {{cite book|last=Ariely|first=Dan|title=The Upside of Irrationality|year=2010|isbn=0-06-199503-7}} 22. ^1 {{ cite book | title=Revue archéologique | year=1904 }} }} External links
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