| 词条 | China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Crash image= CAAC Tupolev Tu-154 Goetting.jpg| Image caption= B-2610, the aircraft involved, in CAAC livery in 1988| Date=June 6, 1994 | Type=Mechanical failure due to improper maintenance| occurrence_type=Accident| Site=Near Xi'an, China| coordinates = {{coord|34|16|N|108|54|E|source:kolossus-plwiki_type:event|display=inline,title}}| | aircraft_type = Tupolev Tu-154M | aircraft_name = | operator = China Northwest Airlines | IATA = WH2303 | ICAO = CNW2303 | callsign = CHINA NORTHWEST 2303 | tail_number = B-2610 | origin = Xianyang Airport (XIY/ZLXY), China | stopover = | destination = Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former) (CAN/ZGGG), China | occupants = 160 | passengers = 146 | crew = 14 | fatalities = 160 | survivors = 0 |alt=|injuries=|missing=|stopover0=|last_stopover=}}China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 was a domestic flight from Xi'an to Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.[1] On June 6, 1994, this aircraft, a Tupolev Tu-154M, broke up in-flight and crashed as a result of an autopilot malfunction which caused violent shaking and overstressed the airframe.[2] All 160 people on board were killed. Faulty maintenance was believed to be the cause.[3][4][5] As of 2019, it remains the deadliest airplane crash ever to occur in mainland China.[6] AircraftThe aircraft was a Tupolev Tu-154M (registration B-2610, factory 86A740, serial no. 0740) was released by the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant (KuAPO) on December 22, 1986 and was immediately transferred to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). On July 1, 1988, due to reorganization, CAAC transferred the aircraft to China Northwest Airlines. The aircraft was powered with three turbojet Soloviev D-30KU-154-II engines from the Rybinsk Engine Plant. On the day of the accident, the aircraft had 12,507 flying hours and 6,651 takeoff and landing cycles.[7] Passengers and crewCrewThe flight crew members were captain Li Gangqiang, faculty captain Xin Tiancai, first officer Yang Min, pilot Zhang Nanjing, and flight engineer Kang Youfa. There were also nine flight attendants on board. PassengersAmong the passengers, 133 were from mainland China, four were from Italy, three were from Hong Kong, two from the United States, one from Taiwan, two from Indonesia, one from Singapore, one from Malaysia, three from France, one from Canada, three from South Korea, one from Vietnam, and five were from Russia.[8][9]
AccidentThe aircraft took off from Xi'an Xianyang International Airport at 8:13 on June 6, 1994. At that time, weather in Xi'an was raining, but it did not delay the flight. After the aircraft left the ground for 24 seconds, the crew reported that the body was floating and had an abnormal sound, but still maintained at a speed of 400 km/h with the rated horsepower.[10] Three minutes after take-off, the plane flew over Xi'an City and turned southeast.[11] After that, the aircraft reported the drift of 20 degrees and 30 degrees at 8:16:24 and 8:16:58. At 8:17:06, the aircraft was not able to maintain its assigned attitude. At that point the aircraft was above Mingyu Township, Cheng'an County, Hebei Province. The crew then engaged the autopilot for a brief amount of time, but could not stabilize the aircraft, which irregularly turned right. At 8:22:27, the stall warning went off, with the aircraft travelling at {{Convert|373|km/h|mph}}. Then it suddenly rolled to the left, the speed reached {{Convert|747|km/h|mph}}, and the altitude dropped from {{Convert|4,717|m|ft}} feet to {{Convert|2,884|m|ft}} in 12 seconds. At 8:22:42, the aircraft disintegrated in mid-air above the suburb of Tsuitou Village, Mingyu Township.[12] All 14 crew members and 146 passengers on board were killed. Wreckage landed to the southeast of the airport, scattered over {{convert|18|mi|km}} of farmland. The bodies of the victims were all found at 21:00, and most of them were killed by impact.[13] InvestigationFlawed maintenance of the aircraft was the probable cause of the sequence of events. The previous evening, the autopilot yaw-channel had been erroneously connected to the bank control, and the bank-channel to the yaw controls while undergoing maintenance at an unapproved facility.[14][7][15] AftermathThis and the crash of China Southwest Airlines Flight 4509 in 1999, both resulted in China's decision decided to retire the Tupolev Tu-154. All Tu-154's in China were removed from service on October 30th, 2002.[16] China Northwest Airlines was acquired by China Eastern Airlines in 2003. China Eastern Airlines still uses the flight number 2303 for flights from Xi'an to Guangzhou.[17] See Also
References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/06/world/airline-crashes-in-china.html|title=Airline Crashes in China|author=|date=June 6, 1994|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=July 31, 2014}} {{Aviation accidents and incidents in China}}2. ^Accident database. AirDisaster.com 3. ^Accident database. AirDisaster.com 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05EFDF143AF934A35755C0A962958260|title=Jet Crash in China Kills 160; Another Flight Is Hijacked|last=Tyler|first=Patrick E.|access-date=2018-10-02|language=en}} 5. ^News report from the Kingston Gleaner. NewspaperArchive.com 6. ^Accident description. The Aviation Safety Network Website 7. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://russianplanes.net/reginfo/8739|title=✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация|last=|first=|date=|website=russianplanes.net|language=Russian|trans-title=✈ russianplanes.net ✈ our aircraft|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-01-18}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/07/world/jet-crash-in-china-kills-160-another-flight-is-hijacked.html|title=Jet Crash in China Kills 160; Another Flight Is Hijacked|last=Tyler|first=Patrick E|date=June 7, 1994|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=July 31, 2014}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19940607&id=yjdOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=axMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3210,2741771|title=All 160 on board plane killed in China's worst air crash|author=|date=June 7, 1994|newspaper=New Straits Times|accessdate=July 31, 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnsptc.org/anli/html/?250.html|title=China Northwest Airlines Tu-154M B-2610 aircraft crash|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=China Safety Production Training Network|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223184107/http://www.cnsptc.org/anli/html/?250.html|archivedate=2014-02-23|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2014-02-20}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.camac.org.cn/news/show.php?news_id=1169|title=6.6 Air crash documentary|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=China Civil Aviation Maintenance Association|language=zh|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2014-02-20}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-12-28/091614948560s.shtml|title=The first report "6·6" air crash|last=|first=|date=2008-12-28|website=|publisher=Sanqin Metropolis Daily|language=zh|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2014-02-20}} 13. ^{{cite journal|author=Deng Junhu|year=1996|title=Forensic Identification of the "June Six" Air Disaster in Xi'an|url=http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FYXZ199601011.htm|journal=Forensic Journal|language=zh|volume=|issue=1|pages=|accessdate=2014-02-20|via=|month=}} 14. ^{{ASN accident|id=19940606-1}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2002-05-24/1541585324.html|title=CCTV "News Investigation"--Focus on Flight Safety|last=|first=|date=2002-05-24|website=|publisher=News survey|language=zh|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2014-02-20}} 16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.southcn.com/news/china/zgkx/200211010402.htm|title=Once the pride of the former Soviet Union, Tu-154 was "retired" from Chinese civil aviation yesterday.|last=|first=|date=2002-11-01|work=|accessdate=2014-02-20|publisher=Southern Network|language=zh}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://zh.flightaware.com/live/flight/CES2303|title=China Eastern (MU) #2303 ✈ FlightAware|accessdate=2014-02-20}} 7 : June 1994 events|1994 disasters in China|Aviation accidents and incidents in 1994|Aviation accidents and incidents in China|Accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154|Airliner accidents and incidents caused by maintenance errors|Airliner accidents and incidents caused by design or manufacturing errors |
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