| 词条 | Chirk Tunnel |
| 释义 |
|name = Chirk Tunnel |image = Chirk Tunnel.jpg |caption = Chirk tunnel viewed from Chirk aqueduct. |waterway = Llangollen Canal |location = |coordinates = {{Coord|52|55|53.13|N|3|3|53.9|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}} |os_grid_ref = SJ284376 |start = {{Coord|52|55|46.93|N|3|3|46.73|W|region:GB}} |end = {{Coord|52|55|57.5|N|3|4|0.33|W|region:GB}} |owner = Canal & River Trust |engineer = William Jessop Thomas Telford |length = {{convert|421|m|abbr=on}} |width = |height = |depth = |passable = No |towpath = Yes |construction = 1794–1802 |open = |rebuilt = |closed = |status = Open }} Chirk Tunnel is a canal tunnel near Chirk, Wales. It lies on the Llangollen Canal, immediately northwards of the Chirk Aqueduct. It is {{convert|421|m|yd}} long and has a complete towpath inside. The tunnel is designed for a single standard narrowboat, so passing is not possible. The tunnel is straight enough to be able to see if a boat is already inside the tunnel (boats are required to show a light). Northbound boats must maintain power and momentum in order to push through, due to the shallow, narrow nature of the canal in the tunnel (such that water has little space to pass around the displacement of the boat), and the relatively fast 2 mph southbound current of the canal. The tunnel, the tunnel portals and the canal basin are collectively a Grade II* listed structure. [1] HistoryIn 1791, the embryonic Ellesmere Canal was planning a network of canals to link the Chester Canal to Shrewsbury, with branches to Ruabon and Llangollen, Bersham, Llanymynech and possibly to Whitchurch and Wem. The promoters asked William Jessop to assess their plans, and he produced plans for a rather different route, running from the Chester Canal basin through Wrexham, Bersham, Ruabon, Pontcysyllte, Chirk, Frankton and Weston to reach Shrewsbury. The route would have involved three tunnels, one of {{convert|4607|yd|m}} at Ruabon, one of {{convert|476|yd|m}} at Weston, and a tunnel under the Froncysyllte limeworks at Chirk, which would have been {{convert|1236|yd|m}} long.[2] Rival parties supporting the different routes joined forces in February 1793, and the canal was authorised by Act of Parliament on 30 April of that year. A whole series of alterations and deviations had been rushed through in the intervening months, and the canal at Chirk now crossed the River Ceiriog at a different location, resulting in a shorter tunnel.[3] The contract for the adjacent aqueduct was let in January 1796, and its construction was completed in 1801. The {{convert|8|mi|km}} of canal eastwards to Frankton was opened immediately, because of the valuable trade in limestone from the Fron Quarries. The section through the tunnel, which also passed through Whitehouse Tunnel to reach Pontcysyllte was opened in June 1802.[4] Walking through the tunnelThe tunnel is claimed to be the first in Britain to have a towpath running through it (along with its shorter neighbour - Whitehouse Tunnel).[5] However, Berwick Tunnel on the Shrewsbury Canal was open by 1797 and included a towpath throughout its {{convert|970|yd|m|adj=on}} length.[6] As the tunnel at Chirk is completely unlit, it is preferable to use a torch/flashlight when walking through the tunnel, as towards the centre it is pitch black. There is however a wooden handrail along the entire length to prevent walkers falling in the canal. See also
Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|first=Charles |last=Hadfield |title=The Canals of the West Midlands |publisher=David and Charles |year=1985 |isbn=0-7153-8644-1 |ref=harv}}{{Refend}} References1. ^ {{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-20209-chirk-tunnel-including-the-n-and-s-portal|title=Chirk Tunnel, including the N and S Portals, and Chirk Basin., Chirk|publisher= British Listed Buildings|accessdate= 5 August 2016}} 2. ^{{harvnb |Hadfield |1985 |pp=167–168}} 3. ^{{harvnb |Hadfield |1985 |pp=169–170}} 4. ^{{harvnb |Hadfield |1985 |p=173}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/34408/details/CHIRK+TUNNEL,+LLANGOLLEN+CANAL%3B+ELLESMERE+CANAL%3B+SHROPSHIRE+UNION+CANAL/|title=Chirk Tunnel, Llangollen Canal; Ellesmere Canal; Shropshire Union Canal |publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales |accessdate=23 November 2009}} 6. ^{{harvnb |Hadfield |1985 |pp=160, 163}} External links{{commonscat-inline|Chirk Tunnel}}{{Portal|UK Waterways}} 5 : Canal tunnels in Wales|Llangollen Canal|Works of Thomas Telford|Tunnels completed in 1802|Grade II* listed buildings in Wrexham County Borough |
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