| 词条 | Chitinamit |
| 释义 |
{{Maya civilization}}Chitinamit (or Chitinamit-Chujuyup) is an archeological site of the Maya civilization in the highlands of Guatemala. It has been identified as Jakawitz, the first capital of the K'iche' Maya.[1] The site is located in the El Quiché department, in the municipality of Uspantán.[2] Chitinamit dates from the Early Classic through to the Late Postclassic periods and covers approximately {{convert|2|ha|sqft}}, making it the largest site in its region.[3] Site descriptionThe site overlooks the Queca River in a rugged region that is considered particularly poor for agriculture, it is therefore likely that the mountain-top location was selected because it was readily defensible.[4] The site is located on the mountain of Chujuyup, on the western edge of the Chuyujup Valley and was excavated in 1977 by Kenneth Brown of the University of Houston.[5] It is defended by a stone rampart and possesses stone terraces, together with a ballcourt and a temple to the K'iche' patron god, also named Jakawitz. Its occupation seems to have come to a violent end, with many projectile points being found together with evidence of the burning of buildings.[6] Chitinamit includes residential structures measuring roughly {{convert|3|by|7|m|ft}} with the walls marked out with vertical schistose slabs measuring approximately {{convert|15|cm|in}} high. These structures differ from the architectural style of the original Maya population and are presumed to represent the style of intrusive K'iche' lineages.[7] The site is arranged around an enclosed plaza.[8] See also
Notes1. ^Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.622. 2. ^Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes. Item 1005. 3. ^Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.290. Smith 2005, p.423. Van Akkeren 2002, p.1. 4. ^Christenson 2003, 2007, p.210. 5. ^Carmack & Weeks 1981, pp.324-326. Van Akkeren 2002, p.1. Christenson 2003, 2007, p.210. 6. ^Fox 1989, p.674.n.9. 7. ^Fox 1987, 2008, p.91. 8. ^Carmack 2001a, p.288. References{{refbegin|indent=yes}}{{cite journal |author=Carmack, Robert M. |authorlink=Robert Carmack|author2=John M. Weeks | date=April 1981 |title=The Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Utatlan: A Conjunctive Approach |pages=323–341 |volume=46 |issue=2 |journal=American Antiquity|publisher=Society for American Archaeology |doi=10.2307/280211}} {{cite book |author=Carmack, Robert M. |authorlink=Robert Carmack|year=2001a |title=Kik'ulmatajem le K'iche'aab': Evolución del Reino K'iche' |location=Guatemala |publisher=Iximulew |isbn=99922-56-22-2 |oclc=253481949|language=es}} {{cite web |author=Christenson, Allen J. |title=Popul Vuh: Sacred Book of the Quiché Maya People |url=http://www.mesoweb.com/publications/Christenson/PopolVuh.pdf |origyear=2003 |year=2007 |format=PDF online publication |work=Mesoweb articles |publisher=Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures |accessdate=2010-01-23}} {{cite journal|author=Fox, John W. | date=September 1989 |title=On the Rise and Fall of Tuláns and Maya Segmentary States |journal=American Anthropologist |series=New Series |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=656–681 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the American Anthropological Association |location=Oxford/Arlington, VA |doi=10.1525/aa.1989.91.3.02a00080}} {{cite book|author=Fox, John W. |origyear=1987|year=2008 |title=Maya Postclassic state formation |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK and New York, USA |isbn=978-0-521-10195-0 |oclc=297146853}} {{cite web |author=Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes |url=http://www.mcd.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/sitios-arqueologicos-con-lugares-sagrados.pdf |publisher=Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes |location=Guatemala |title=Base de Datos Sitios Arqueológicos |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-01-23 |language=es |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526130029/http://www.mcd.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/sitios-arqueologicos-con-lugares-sagrados.pdf |archivedate=2012-05-26 |df= }} {{cite book |author=Sharer, Robert J. |authorlink=Robert Sharer|author2=Loa p. Traxler |year=2006 |title=The Ancient Maya |edition=6th (fully revised) |location=Stanford, CA |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=0-8047-4817-9 |oclc=57577446}} {{cite journal|author=Smith, Michael E. |title=City Size in Late Postclassic Mesoamerica |journal=Journal of Urban History |volume=31 |issue=4 | date=May 2005 |pages=403–434 |doi=10.1177/0096144204274396 |publisher=Sage Publications}} {{cite journal|author=van Akkeren, Ruud |year=2002 |title=El lugar en donde salió el primer sol para los K’ich’e; Jakawits, su nueva ubicación. |journal=XV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2001 (edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo and B. Arroyo) |pages=1–12 |publisher=Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología |location=Guatemala |format=versión digital |url=http://asociaciontikal.com/pdf/01-01%20-%20Akkeren%20-%20en%20PDF.pdf |accessdate=2010-01-23|language=es}}{{refend}}{{Maya sites}}{{coord|15.2892|N|91.0892|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} 5 : Maya sites in Guatemala|Archaeological sites in Guatemala|Former populated places in Guatemala|Quiché Department|K'iche' |
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