“Christie G. Enke”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Chris Enke was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1933. His parents are Alvin Enke and Mae Nichols (both deceased). He graduated from Central High School in Minneapolis in 1951. He received the BA degree from Principia College in 1955 and the Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1959. His thesis, concerning the anodic formation of surface oxide films on platinum electrodes, was done under Herbert Laitinen. While at Illinois, he also worked with Howard Malmstadt to introduce a graduate lab/lecture course in the electronics of laboratory instrumentation. He is now Professors Emeriti of Chemistry at the University of New Mexico and Michigan State University, Prior to his move to the University of New Mexico in 1994, he was Instructor and Assistant Professor at Princeton (1959 – 1966) then Associate Professor and Professor at Michigan State University.{{Infobox scientist

Research and Teaching

Electroanalytical chemistry: Enke’s early research in electrochemistry centered on high-speed charge transfer kinetic studies.^[1] He also pioneered the use of operational amplifiers in electroanalytical instrumentation and later, computer control. He is co-inventor of the bipolar pulse method for measuring electrolytic conductance.^[2]

Teaching electronics to scientists: Howard Malmstadt and Enke wrote the pioneering work, Electronics for Scientists^[3]. Then Malmstadt, Stan Crouch and he wrote several more texts and lab books (9 in all) in the electronics of laboratory instrumentation. This same team developed and presented the hands-on ACS short course, “Electronics for Laboratory Instrumentation” beginning in 1979. Enke also wrote an introductory analytical chemistry text called, “The Art and Science of Chemical Analysi”.^[4]

Mass spectrometry: Enke, his graduate student, Rick Yost, and a colleague, James Morrison, discovered low-energy collisional ion fragmentation in 1979.^[5] Collisional dissociation in an RF-only quadrupole mass filter between two quadrupole mass analyzers resulted in the first triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.^[6] Its low cost and unit resolution ushered in the technique now known as MS/MS. Enke continued research in mass spectrometry including developing a distributed microprocessor control system for the triple-quadrupole,^[7]^[8] a fast integrating detector system for time-of-flight mass spectrometry,^[9] development of a tandem time-of-flight instrument with photofragmentation of ions,^[10] the equilibrium partition theory of electrospray ionization,^[11] and the invention of distance-of-flight mass spectrometry.^[12]

Comprehensive analysis of complex mixtures: With Luc Nagels, Enke discovered that the concentrations of components in many natural complex mixtures have a log-normal distribution.^[13] With this information, one can learn the number and concentrations of components that are below the detection limit.

Philosophy of Science, Epistemology: Enke has been studying the philosophy of science to find the means by which we can discern valid scientific laws and findings from conjecture and untestable hypotheses.

Awards

1974 American Chemical Society Award for Chemical Instrumentation

1981 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science

1989 American Chemical Society Award for Computers in Chemistry

1992 Michigan State University Distinguished Faculty Award

1993 Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry Award (shared with Richard Yost)^[14]

2003 J. Calvin Giddings Award for Excellence in Education from Analytical Division of the American Chemical Society

2011 American Chemical Society Award in Analytical Chemistry

2011 Fellow, American Chemical Society

2014 Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Analytical Chemistry Award from the Analytical Division of the American Chemical Society

2015 Eastern Analytical Symposium Award for Outstanding Achievements in the Fields of Analytical Chemistry

References

1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Daum|first=Peter H.|last2=Enke|first2=Christie G.|title=Electrochemical kinetics of the ferri-ferrocyanide couple on platinum|journal=Analytical Chemistry|volume=41|issue=4|pages=653–656|doi=10.1021/ac60273a007|issn=0003-2700|year=1969}}
2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Donald Edwin.|last2=Enke|first2=C. G.|title=Bipolar pulse technique for fast conductance measurements|journal=Analytical Chemistry|volume=42|issue=3|pages=329–335|doi=10.1021/ac60285a015|issn=0003-2700|year=1970}}
3. ^{{Cite book|title=Electronics for Scientists|last=Malmstadt|first=Howard|last2=Enke|first2=Christie|publisher=W. A. Benjamin|year=1962|isbn=|location=New York|pages=}}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=The art and science of chemical analysis|last=1933-|first=Enke, Christie G.|date=2001|publisher=Wiley|isbn=|location=|pages=|oclc=681424927}}
5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Yost|first=R.A.|last2=Enke|first2=C.G.|last3=McGilvery|first3=D.C.|last4=Smith|first4=D.|last5=Morrison|first5=J.D.|date=June 1979|title=High efficiency collision-induced dissociation in an RF-only quadrupole|journal=International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics|volume=30|issue=2|pages=127–136|doi=10.1016/0020-7381(79)80090-x|issn=0020-7381}}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Yost|first=R. A.|last2=Enke|first2=C. G.|title=Selected ion fragmentation with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=100|issue=7|pages=2274–2275|doi=10.1021/ja00475a072|issn=0002-7863|year=1978}}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Newcome|first=B. H.|last2=Enke|first2=C. G.|title=Modular twin bus microprocessor system for laboratory automation|journal=Review of Scientific Instruments|volume=55|issue=12|pages=2017–2022|doi=10.1063/1.1137705|issn=0034-6748|year=1984}}
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Enke|first=C. G.|date=1982-02-12|title=Computers in Scientific Instrumentation|journal=Science|volume=215|issue=4534|pages=785–791|doi=10.1126/science.215.4534.785|issn=0036-8075}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Stults|first=J. T.|last2=Myerholtz|first2=C. A.|last3=Newcome|first3=B. H.|last4=Enke|first4=C. G.|last5=Holland|first5=J. F.|title=Data acquisition and instrument control system for ion flight time measurements in mass spectrometry|journal=Review of Scientific Instruments|volume=56|issue=12|pages=2267–2273|doi=10.1063/1.1138362|issn=0034-6748|year=1985}}
10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Seeterlin|first=M. A.|last2=Vlasak|first2=P. R.|last3=Beussman|first3=D. J.|last4=McLane|first4=R. D.|last5=Enke|first5=C. G.|title=High Efficiency Photo-Induced Dissociation of Precursor Ions in a Tandem Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer|journal=Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry|volume=4|issue=9|pages=751–754|doi=10.1016/1044-0305(93)80055-4|issn=1044-0305|year=1993}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Enke|first=Christie G.|title=A Predictive Model for Matrix and Analyte Effects in Electrospray Ionization of Singly-Charged Ionic Analytes|journal=Analytical Chemistry|volume=69|issue=23|pages=4885–4893|doi=10.1021/ac970095w|issn=0003-2700|year=1997}}
12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Enke|first=Christie G.|last2=Dobson|first2=Gareth S.|title=Achievement of Energy Focus for Distance-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with Constant Momentum Acceleration and an Ion Mirror|journal=Analytical Chemistry|volume=79|issue=22|pages=8650–8661|doi=10.1021/ac070638u|issn=0003-2700|year=2007}}
13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Enke|first=Christie G.|last2=Nagels|first2=Luc J.|title=Undetected Components in Natural Mixtures: How Many? What Concentrations? Do They Account for Chemical Noise? What Is Needed to Detect Them?|journal=Analytical Chemistry|volume=83|issue=7|pages=2539–2546|doi=10.1021/ac102818a|issn=0003-2700|year=2011}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asms.org/about/asms-awards/distinguished-contribution|title=Distinguished Contribution Past Recipients|publisher=American Society for Mass Spectrometry|accessdate=January 6, 2011}}