| 词条 | Christoph Rudolff |
| 释义 |
Christoph Rudolff (born 1499 in Jawor, Silesia, died 1545 in Vienna) was the author of the first German textbook on algebra. From 1517 to 1521, Rudolff was a student of Henricus Grammateus (Schreyber from Erfurt) at the University of Vienna and was the author of a book computing, under the title: {{lang|de|Behend und hübsch Rechnung durch die kunstreichen regeln Algebre so gemeinicklich die Coss genent werden}} (Nimble and beautiful calculation via the artful rules of algebra [which] are so commonly called "coss").[1] He introduced the radical symbol (√) for the square root. It is believed that this was because it resembled a lowercase "r" (for "radix"),[2][3] though there is no direct evidence.[4] Cajori only says that a "dot is the embryo of our present symbol for the square root"[5] though it is "possible, perhaps probable" that Rudolff's later symbols are not dots but 'r's.[6] Furthermore, he used the meaningful definition that x0 = 1. See also
Notes1. ^Note: "Influenced by al-Khowarizmi and later Islamic writers who called the unknown [i.e., the variable x] shai, Arabic for "thing", Latin texts used res and those in Italian used cosa ("thing"). In Italy, algebra became known as l'arte della cosa, in England as cossike arte, or the rule of coss, and in Germany, die Coss." Jan Gullberg, Mathematics: From the Birth of Numbers (New York, New York: W.W. Norton, 1997), [https://books.google.com/books?id=E09fBi9StpQC&pg=PA299#v=onepage&q&f=false page 299.] 2. ^{{citation | year=1960 | title = A short account of the history of mathematics | author=Walter William Rouse Ball | authorlink=W. W. Rouse Ball | edition=4 | publisher=Courier Dover Publications | isbn=978-0-486-20630-1 | page=215 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sT_psl3uYkC&pg=PA215&dq=rudolf%20radix}} 3. ^{{citation | year=1983 | title = Great moments in mathematics (before 1650: Volume 1) | author=Howard Whitley Eves | authorlink=Howard Eves | publisher=MAA | isbn=978-0-88385-310-8 | page=131 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_w5jDPTvCQC&pg=PA131&dq=christoff+radix}} 4. ^"History of Mathematical Symbols" by Douglas Weaver and Anthony D. Smith, University of South Australia 5. ^{{citation | year=1919 | title = A history of mathematics | author1=Florian Cajori | edition=2 | publisher=The Macmillan Company | page=140 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBoPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA140&dq=radix}} 6. ^{{citation | year=1993|edition=reprint | title = A history of mathematical notations, Volumes 1-2 | author1=Florian Cajori | publisher=Courier Dover Publications | isbn=978-0-486-67766-8 | page=369 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7juWmvQSTvwC&pg=PA369&dq=christoff+rudolff+radix}} References
External links
8 : 1499 births|1545 deaths|People from Jawor|16th-century mathematicians|German mathematicians|16th-century German mathematicians|16th-century German writers|16th-century male writers |
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