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词条 HMAS Balikpapan
释义

  1. Design and construction

  2. Operational history

  3. Decommissioning and fate

  4. Citations

  5. References

{{Use Australian English|date=April 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=HMAS Balikpapan in 2011
}}{{Infobox ship career		Ship country=AustraliaAustralia|naval}}Ship namesake=City of BalikpapanShip builder=Walkers LimitedShip laid down=1 May 1971Ship launched=15 August 1971Ship commissioned=8 December 1971 (Army)Ship recommissioned=27 September 1974 (Navy)Ship decommissioned=12 December 2012Ship motto="Bravely in Action"Ship nickname=Ship honours=*Battle honours:
  • East Timor 1999-2000
Ship status=Awaiting disposalShip notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Balikpapan|landing craft heavy|1}}Ship displacement=316 tons44.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}10.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}Ship draught=Ship propulsion=Two Caterpillar diesels10|kn}}Ship range=Ship endurance=Ship capacity=180 tons of vehicle cargo or 400 soldiersShip complement=13Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=2 × 0.50 inch machine gunsShip notes=
}}

HMAS Balikpapan (L 126) was the lead ship of the {{sclass-|Balikpapan|landing craft heavy|4}} of heavy landing craft (LCH). Ordered in 1969, Balikpapan entered service with the Australian Army Water Transport Squadron in late 1971. After this, the decision to place all seagoing Army vessels under the control of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) saw Balikpapan transferred and commissioned in 1974; the last of the eight-vessel class to enter RAN service. Balikpapan was placed in reserve in 1985, but was reactivated three years later. During late 1999 and early 2000, the vessel was part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce, and made additional deployments to East Timor in 2001 and 2006. On 12 December 2012, Balikpapan was retired from RAN service.

Design and construction

{{Main|Balikpapan-class landing craft heavy}}

The eight-vessel Balikpapan class was ordered as a locally manufactured replacement for the Australian Army's LSM-1-class landing ship medium and ALC 50 landing craft.[1] They are {{convert|44.5|m}} long, with a beam of {{convert|10.1|m}}, and a draught of {{convert|1.9|m}}.[2] The landing craft have a standard displacement of 316 tons, with a full load displacement of 503 tons.[2] They are propelled by two G.M. Detroit 6-71 diesel motors, providing 675 brake horsepower to the two propeller shafts, allowing the vessels to reach {{convert|9|kn}}.[2] The standard ship's company is 13-strong.[2] The Balikpapans are equipped with a Decca RM 916 navigational radar, and fitted with two {{convert|7.62|mm}} machine guns for self-defence.[2]

The LCHs have a maximum payload of 180 tons; equivalent to 3 Leopard 1 tanks, 13 M113 armoured personnel carriers 23 quarter-tonne trucks, or four LARC-V amphibious cargo vehicles.[2][3] As a troop transport, a Balikpapan-class vessel can transport up to 400 soldiers between a larger amphibious ship and the shore, or embark 60 soldiers in six-berth caravans for longer voyages.[3][4] The vessel's payload affects the range: at 175 tons of cargo, each vessel has a range of {{convert|1300|nmi}}, which increases to {{convert|2280|nmi}} with a 150-ton payload, and {{convert|3000|nmi}} when unladen.[2] The flat, box-like keel causes the ships to roll considerably in other-than-calm conditions, limiting their ability to make long voyages.[3]

Balikpapan was laid down by Walkers Limited at Maryborough, Queensland on 1 May 1971, launched on 15 August 1971, and assigned to the Australian Army Water Transport Squadron on 8 December 1971.[5][6] After completing sea trials, Balikpapan began full operational service in 1972, with a combined RAN/Army crew.[7]

Operational history

In 1972, the decision was made that all Army seagoing vessels would be transferred to the RAN, with the Army retaining control of small landing craft and harbour support vessels.[3] Balikpapan was transferred to the RAN and commissioned on 27 September 1974; as the other seven LCHs had commissioned into the RAN on completion, Balikpapan was the last to enter naval service.[8]

Balikpapan was one of the first ships to depart for Darwin to render assistance after Cyclone Tracy hit that city in December 1974, sailing on 26 December from Brisbane with sister ship {{HMAS|Betano|L 133|2}}.[9]

During May and June 1984, Balikpapan completed a {{convert|5,400|nmi|adj=on}} transit from Brisbane to Penang, transporting vehicles, equipment, and personnel to RAAF Butterworth.[10] Departing on 28 May, the vessel visited Cairns, Darwin, Jakarta, and Singapore, before unloading at Penang between 23 and 25 June.[10] The landing craft returned via Singapore, Benoa, Darwin, and Cairns, and reached Brisbane on 7 August; the longest ocean voyage undertaken by a vessel of her class.[10]

Balikpapan was paid off into reserve at Cairns on 18 September 1985; one of three landing craft decommissioned for economic reasons.[8][10] She was recommissioned in 1990, although initially only for use as a training vessel attached to the Royal Australian Naval Reserve Darwin Division.[10] The vessel was seconded to Operation Beachcomber on several occasions between 1991 and 1995 for hydrographic duties.[10]Balikpapan was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce.[11] The landing craft was attached to INTERFET on two occasions; first from 20 September to 13 October 1999, then from 8 December 1999 to 15 January 2000.[11] The ship was later awarded the battle honour "East Timor 1999-2000" in recognition of her service.[12][13] From January to September 2000, the vessel was docked in Cairns for a life-of-type-extension refit.[5] Post-refit, Balikpapan returned to East Timor to operate in support of UNTAET: November to December 2000, February to March 2001, May to June 2001, and July to August 2001.[5]Balikpapan returned to East Timor in 2006 during Operation Astute.[5]

This vessel participated in Exercises Triton Thunder and Cassowary during May 2012. Balikpapan operated off Dundee Beach in Darwin in concert with units from the Indonesian Navy and RAN Fleet Air Arm.[14][15]

Decommissioning and fate

Balikpapan was decommissioned at Darwin on 12 December 2012.[5][16]

The Philippine Navy has shown interest in acquiring the ship, after the Australian government donated two other sister ships, {{HMAS|Brunei|L 127|6}} and {{HMAS|Tarakan|L 129|6}} in 2015.[17][18] It was later confirmed that the Philippine Navy is acquiring three more LCH from Australia, including ex-HMAS Balikpapan, at a token price.[19]

Citations

1. ^Gillett, Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946, pp. 79, 125
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Wertheim (ed.), The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World, p. 26
3. ^1 2 3 Gillett, Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946, p. 79
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/balikpapanclasslch/ |title=Balikpapan Class Heavy Landing Craft (LCH), Australia |date=2014|website=Naval Technology|publisher=|accessdate=27 September 2014}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-balikpapan |title=HMAS Balikpapan |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=23 December 2012}}
6. ^Wertheim (ed.), The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World, p. 25
7. ^Gillett, Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946, p. 124
8. ^1 Gillett, Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946, p. 80
9. ^Sea Power Centre, Disaster Relief
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 Swinden, Heavy Lifting for Four Decades, p. 22
11. ^1 Stevens, Strength Through Diversity, p. 15
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |title=Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184920/http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |archivedate=13 June 2011 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=23 December 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |title=Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064156/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |archivedate=14 June 2011 |accessdate=23 December 2012}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Minor_war_vessels_exercise_off_Darwin |title=Minor war vessels exercise off Darwin |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |date=22 May 2012 |accessdate=27 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601003422/http://www.navy.gov.au/Minor_war_vessels_exercise_off_Darwin |archivedate=1 June 2012 |df= }}
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Indonesia_and_Australia_complete_patrol_boat_exercise |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120805084140/http://www.navy.gov.au/Indonesia_and_Australia_complete_patrol_boat_exercise |dead-url=yes |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=Indonesia and Australia complete patrol boat exercise |date=16 May 2012 |accessdate=27 May 2012 }}
16. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/news/hma-ships-balikpapan-and-betano-decommissioned |title=HMA Ships Balikpapan and Betano decommissioned |date=13 December 2012 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=19 December 2012}}
17. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/48454/australia-to-donate-heavy-landing-craft-to-philippines |title=Australia to donate heavy landing craft to Philippines |date=29 January 2015 |publisher=IHS Jane's 360 |accessdate=4 November 2015}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/53270/philippines-edges-closer-to-australian-landing-craft-procurement |title=Philippines edges closer to Australian landing craft procurement |date=29 July 2015 |publisher=IHS Jane's 360 |accessdate=4 November 2015}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/55587/australia-confirms-philippines-acquisition-of-three-ex-ran-landing-craft |title=Australia confirms Philippines' acquisition of three ex-RAN landing craft |date=27 October 2015 |publisher=IHS Jane's 360 |accessdate=4 November 2015}}

References

Books
  • {{cite book |last=Gillett |first=Ross |title=Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946 |year=1988 |publisher=Child & Associates |location=Brookvale, NSW |isbn=0-86777-219-0 |oclc=23470364}}
  • {{cite book |last=Stevens |first=David |title=Strength Through Diversity: The combined naval role in Operation Stabilise |series=Working Papers |volume=20 |year=2007 |publisher=Sea Power Centre - Australia |location=Canberra |isbn=978-0-642-29676-4 |issn=1834-7231 |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_20.pdf |accessdate=6 September 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910150114/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Working_Paper_20.pdf |archivedate=10 September 2012 |df= }}
  • {{cite book |title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems |editor=Wertheim, Eric |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, MD |year=2007 |edition=15th |isbn=978-1-59114-955-2 |oclc=140283156 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJunjRvplU4C |page=26}}
Journal articles
  • {{cite journal |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/index.php/Publication:Semaphore_-_Issue_14%2C_2004 |title=Disaster Relief — Cyclone Tracy and Tasman Bridge |publisher=Sea Power Centre |work=Semaphore |date=December 2004 |volume=2004 |issue=14 |accessdate=18 December 2011 |journal= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213160636/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/index.php/Publication:Semaphore_-_Issue_14%2C_2004 |archive-date=13 February 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
  • {{cite journal|last=Swinden |first=Greg |date=April 2013 |title=Heavy Lifting for Four Decades: The Navy's Landing Craft Heavy |journal=The Navy |publisher=Navy League of Australia |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=20–24 |issn=1322-6231}}
{{Balikpapan-class LCH}}{{RAN amphibious warfare ships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Balikpapan (L 126)}}

3 : Balikpapan-class landing craft heavy|1971 ships|Ships built in Queensland
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