| 词条 | HMAS Horsham | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Design and construction{{main|Bathurst-class corvette}}In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.[2][3] The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least {{convert|10|kn}}, and a range of {{convert|2000|nmi}}[4] The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a {{convert|15.5|kn}} top speed, and a range of {{convert|2850|nmi}}, armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.[2][5] Construction of the prototype {{HMAS|Kangaroo||6}} did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.[6] The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 (including Horsham) ordered by the RAN, 20 ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.[2][7][8][9][1] Horsham was laid down by HMA Naval Dockyard at Melbourne, Victoria on 26 June 1941.[1] She was launched on 16 May 1942, and was commissioned into the RAN on 18 November 1942. Operational historyHorsham entered active service in January 1943.[1] She was initially assigned to Fremantle as an anti-submarine patrol ship, where she remained until August 1944.[1] The corvette was then deployed to Darwin as a survey ship, and remained there until the end of World War II.[1] In September 1945, Horsham was present at the Japanese surrender of Timor.[1] She continued in the survey role until November 1945, when she returned to Fremantle.[1]Decommissioning and fateHorsham paid off into reserve in Fremantle on 17 December 1945.[1] She was sold for scrapping to the Hong Kong Delta Shipping Company on 8 August 1956.[1]Citations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-horsham-i |title=HMAS Horsham (I) |accessdate=26 December 2008 |work=HMA Ship Histories |publisher=Sea Power Centre - Royal Australian Navy}} 2. ^1 2 Stevens, The Australian Corvettes, p. 1 3. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 103 4. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–4 5. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–5 6. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 104 7. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 105, 148 8. ^Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 29 9. ^Stevens et al., The Royal Australian Navy, p. 108 References
5 : Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy|Ships built in Victoria (Australia)|1942 ships|World War II corvettes of Australia|Survey ships of the Royal Australian Navy |
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