| 词条 | Chrysaora hysoscella |
| 释义 |
| name = Compass jellyfish | image = Medusa-acquario di Genova.jpg | genus = Chrysaora | species = hysoscella | authority = (Linnaeus, 1766) }} The compass jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella) is a very common species of jellyfish that lives predominantly in coastal waters of the northeast Atlantic, particularly the Celtic, Irish and North Seas.[1] It is also known to inhabit the southern Atlantic ocean, particularly the Mediterranean Sea and coastal regions of South Africa and False Bay[2] [1] It has a diameter of up to 30 cm. Its 24 tentacles are arranged in eight groups of three. It is usually colored yellowish white, with some brown.[3] It usually has 16 markings on the bell resembling elongated v's, surrounding a central brown spot. Its mouth is located at the bottom center of the bell, between 4 oral arms. They are known to sting.[4] HabitatThe compass jellyfish is usually found relatively close to shore.[4] They inhabit these waters mostly at the top of the water column,[5] and although they inhabit shallow water, they move up and down in the water column often ranging from surface waters to just above the seabed.[6] They are rarely found deeper than 30 m from the surface.[7] Life CycleLike other Scyphozoans, Chrysaora hysoscella undergo metamorphasis as the organism develops and experiences a polyp and then medusa form. Females release planular larvae which swim to find a suitable place to settle.[8] The planula attach to a benthic substrate and develop into a sessile polyp which releases immature medusae through asexual reproduction called strobilation.[8] These medusae can revert back to the polyp stage and release more meduasae or continue to develop into adults.[9] Once an adult, it cannot revert back to a polyp but does develop from male to female[9]. Since Chrysaora hysoscella function as a male upon maturity and then develop female gametes, this organism is classified as protandrously hermaphroditic.[9] ReproductionChrysaora hysoscella utilize both sexual and asexual reproduction throughout development. Mature individuals reproduce sexually by broadcast spawning. Males release sperm from their mouths into the water column.[9] Females fertilize the sperm internally and can fertilize sperm from multiple male partners.[9] The larvae released from the female settle as benthic polyps that reproduce asexually.[17] The polyps release multiple ephyrae through strobilation.[8] The ephyrae then develop into medusae. Research indicates that Chrysaora hysoscella polyps are capabable of releasing ephyrae overtime and therefore are not limited to a single reproductive event.[10] References1. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Doyle |first1=T |last2=Houghton |first2=J |last3=Buckely |first3=S |last4=Hays |first4=G |last5=Davenport |first5=J |title=The broad-scale distribution of five jellyfish species across a temperate coastal environment |journal=Hydrobiologia |date=2007 |volume=579 |page=29-39 |ref=10}} 2. ^Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-620-41639-9}} 3. ^Basic information for Chrysaora hysoscella (Compass jellyfish), accessed March 14, 2008 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.arkive.org/compass-jellyfish/chrysaora-hysoscella|title=Compass jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella)|accessdate=3 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507043228/http://www.arkive.org/compass-jellyfish/chrysaora-hysoscella/|archive-date=2016-05-07|dead-url=yes|df=}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Conrad |last2=Buecher |first2=Emmanuelle |last3=Brierley |first3=Andrew S. |last4=Axelsen |first4=Bjørn E. |last5=Boyer |first5=Helen |last6=Gibbons |first6=Mark J. |date=2001 |title=Jellyfish Blooms: Ecological and Societal Importance |publisher=Springer Netherlands |pages=275–286 |isbn=978-94-010-3835-5|doi=10.1007/978-94-010-0722-1_22 }} 6. ^{{cite journal |last=Hays |first=Graeme C. |last2=Doyle |first2=Thomas K. |last3=Houghton |first3=Jonathan D. R. |last4=Lilley |first4=Martin K. S. |last5=Metcalfe |first5=Julian D. |last6=Righton |first6=David |date=27 January 2008 |title=Diving behaviour of jellyfish equipped with electronic tags |url=http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/3/325.short |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=325–331 |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbn003 |access-date=2 May 2016}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Beucher |first1=E |last2=Sparks |first2=C |last3=Brierley |first3=A |last4=Boyer |first4=H |last5=Gibbons |first5=M |title=Biometry and size distribution of Chrysaora hysoscella (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) and Aequorea aequorea (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) off Namibia with some notes on their parasite Hyperia medusaru |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |date=2001 |volume=23 |issue=10 |page=1073}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Holst |first1=S |last2=Jarms |first2=G |title=Effects of low salinity on settlement and strobilation of Schyphozoa (Cnidaria): Is the lion’s mane Cyanea capillata (L.) able to reproduce in the brackish Baltic Sea |journal=Hydrobiologia |date=2012 |volume=645 |ref=8}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |last1=DeVito |first1=D |last2=Piraino |first2=S |last3=Schmich |first3=J |last4=Bouillon |first4=J |last5=Boero |first5=F |title=Evidence of reverse development in Leptomedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): the case of Laodicea undulata |journal=Marine Biology |date=2006 |volume=149 |issue=2 |page=339 |ref=7}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Holst |first1=S |last2=Jarms |first2=G |title=Substrate choice and settlement preferences of planula larvae of five scyphozoa (Cnidaria) from German Bight, North Sea |journal=Marine Biology |date=2007 |volume=151 |issue=3 |page=863-871 |ref=9}} External links{{Commons category-inline|Chrysaora hysoscella}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2440379}}{{Medusozoa-stub}} 3 : Semaeostomeae|Articles containing video clips|Animals described in 1766 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。