| 词条 | Church of the Firstborn (LeBaron order) |
| 释义 |
| name = Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times | caption_background = | image = | imagewidth = | alt = | caption = | abbreviation = | type = Latter Day Saint movement | main_classification = Mormon fundamentalism | orientation = | scripture = | theology = Nontrinitarian | polity = | governance = Hierarchical | structure = | leader_title = Prophet, president | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | fellowships = | associations = | area = | headquarters = Colonia Le Baron, Chihuahua, Mexico | founder = Joel LeBaron | founded_date = September 21, 1955 | founded_place =Salt Lake City, Utah, United States | separated_from = | parent = Apostolic United Brethren and mainstream LDS Church | merger = | number_of_followers = "A few hundred" in Chihuahua and as many in the Salt Lake City area[1] to, perhaps, 1,000[2] | absorbed = | separations = Church of the Firstborn (Rival entity founded by Ross Wesley LeBaron, December 1955. By 1962 its missionary work subsumed to a degree into that of the Fulness of Times')[3] Church of the First Born of the Lamb of God (founded by Ervil LeBaron, 1972)[4] Informal schisms: Unknown | merged_into = | other_names = Church of the Firstborn, or "LeBaron group" | publications = {{cite book|title = Thus Joel taught|year = 1983|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qSlHGwAACAAJ&dq=}} {{cite book|title = Thus saith the Lord|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=36hBfftyT_QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false|year = 2008|isbn = 9780615213903|last1 = Church Of The Firstborn Of The Fulness Of Times|first1 = Ingólfur Guðbrandsson}} | website = | footnotes = }}{{Infobox religion | name = Church of the Firstborn (Ross Wesley LeBaron's and mutually rival successors) | area = | headquarters = Originally Salt Lake City, Utah (present headquarters disputed) | founder = Ross Wesley LeBaron | founded_date = December 1955 | founded_place =Salt Lake City, Utah, United States | separated_from = | parent = UAB and mainstream LDS Church | merger = | number_of_followers = Unknown. (Note: Includes a hundred or more in Collier group; additional number in Green group) | absorbed = | separations = | merged_into = | other_names = "Order of God," "Collier group," "Green group" etc. | footnotes = | publications ={{cite book|title = Doctrine of the priesthood|volume = vols. 1–18 (+?)|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4yo3vqE9A_sC&pg=PA11&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn = 9780934964425}} | website = Church-of-the-Firstborn.org }} The Church of the Firstborn (or, the "LeBaron order") is a grouping of competing factions of a Mormon fundamentalist religious lineage inherited, adherents believe, by a polygamous Latter-day Saint family community that had settled in Chihuahua, Mexico, by Alma Dayer LeBaron Sr. by 1924. Factions accepting leadership succession by some of Dayer senior's sons self-describe as members of the Church of the Firstborn without a legally formalized organization. What became over time the most substantial faction is that of Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times, often shortened as the Church of the Firstborn, which was founded in September 1955 by three of Alma's sons, Joel, R. Wesley, and Floren LeBaron. Since its founding, the order's most notable enclave has been within the jurisdiction of Galeana Municipality, Chihuahua. The LeBarons christened the LeBaron ranch Colonia Le Barón in the 1950s. Especially in more recent years, it is a minor segment of the order that engages in the actual practice of polygamy.[5] A substantial fraction of residents residing on and nearby order members' landholdings at Colonia LeBaron are not affiliated with the order, many of them identifying themselves on census reports as Roman Catholic and most of the remainder as evangélico (Protestant). EstablishmentThe LeBaron family, led by Alma Dayer LeBaron, Sr., affiliated with the leadership of Mormon fundamentalist leader Joseph White Musser beginning in 1936. In June 1944, five of Dayer LeBaron's sons, Alma Jr., Benjamin T., Ervil, Ross Wesley, and Joel, were excommunicated from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) for teaching and practicing plural marriage.[6][7] For the next 11 years, a number of LeBarons associated themselves to various degrees with Rulon C. Allred's Apostolic United Brethren. On December 9, 1957, Dayer's son Ben T. LeBaron said, wrote Samuel W. Taylor a letter saying that Ben believed himself to have received the birthright from his father and also believed Ben was to be the One Mighty and Strong of Joseph Smith's 1832 prophesy, sent to redeem LDS people from spiritual bondage.[8] Soon thereafter, various LeBarons declared that their family was possessed of especial priesthood keys of authority to a pre-millennial demi-messianic office or offices, in the restored earthly kingdom of God, with their ultimate leader said to possess this Right of the Firstborn becoming variously titled for example the One Mighty and Strong, the Presiding Patriarch in All the World, and so forth, the LeBarons' believing him the rightful heir of Joseph Smith Jr.'s mantle as leader of the early Latter Day Saints' Council of Fifty (via early Latter Day Saint Council of Fifty member Benjamin F. Johnson).[9][10] On 21 September 1955, Joel LeBaron and his brothers Ross and Floren visited Salt Lake City, Utah, and there organized the Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times; Joel was ordained President of the Church, with Floren as first counselor in the First Presidency and Ross as head patriarch. Shortly thereafter, Joel reported being visited by nineteen former prophets, including Jesus, Abraham, Moses, Elijah, and Joseph Smith. In early 1956, the LeBaron brothers returned to Chihuahua. Their father Alma and brother Ervil became the fourth and fifth members of the new church; their mother Maud also eventually joined. Several months later, Ervil LeBaron published a pamphlet titled "Priesthood Expounded", which became a foundational text for the order. A rival organizational structure for the order – which is named, in full, the Church of the Firstborn – additionally was formed in 1955 by Ross Wesley LeBaron, which Wesley thereafter led from its headquarters in Salt lake City, Utah.[11][12] Wesley believed he had been sent to prepare the way for the One Mighty and Strong, who would be "an Indian prophet"[13] Joel and R. Wesley respectively claimed their especial "Firstborn order" priesthood lines of authority from Alma Dayer LeBaron, who had been ordained by Dayer's grandfather Benjamin F. Johnson, who had received these priesthood keys from Joseph Smith. LeBaron invited Allred and his followers to join their new order, but their invitation was rejected. Three notable followers have been Fred Collier, Tom Green, and Robert Rey Black.[12][14] This sect has attracted fewer adherents than had the earlier Firstborn faction co-founded by Wesley and headed by his brother Joel. Since Wesley's passing, some would-be successor groups generally are not termed as being "LeBarons" or the like; e.g., as of 2004, there were about 100 members of the Collier branch of the Firstborn order branch in Hanna, Utah with additional sect members living in Mexico;[15][16] likewise, the Tom Green group consider themselves heirs to the Wesley LeBaron-founded organization. NameAccording to the Encyclopedia of Mormonism, within mainstream Latter-day Saint beliefs, The Church of the Firstborn refers to "Christ's heavenly church: [...] exalted beings who gain an inheritance in the highest heaven of the celestial world."[17] In LeBaron order belief, the Church of the Firstborn refers to those led by ones holding the "patriarchal order of priesthood" (which the LeBaron order holds as the key to over-all leadership of God's pre-Millennial kingdom) passed down via a chain of succession from Joseph Smith.[18] The phrase fulness of times refers to the Gospel dispensation of the fulness of times within Latter Day Saint belief. Colonia LeBaronColonia Le Baron is located in the northwest of the state of Chihuahua, near the towns of Nuevo Casas Grandes, Colonia Juarez, and Colonia Dublán. It lies thirteen kilometers (8 miles) south of the county seat of Galeana and twenty-one kilometers (13 miles) north of San Buenaventura, its main means of access from Mexican Federal Highway 10. Its geographical coordinates are 30 ° 00'45 "N 107 ° 34'03" W and is located at an altitude 1,480 meters (6,036 feet) above sea level. According to the results of the Census of Population and Housing 2005 by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, the population of Le Baron is 1,051 inhabitants, of which 496 are men and 555 are women.[19] The population of Colonia LeBaron includes several hundred practitioners of the Church of the Firstborn faith,[20][21][22][23][24] along with additional followers in Baja California, California, Central America, and Utah.[25] According to the Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal, Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua, Colonia LeBaron's population was 1,137. Galeana (which includes LeBaron)'s population was 3,763 in 1996. The predominant religion was Roman Catholic, at 80.9% of the population of people over 15, with the remainder principally Mormon (viz., "Latter Day Saint movement members") and evangelico ("Protestant"). Missionary workThe Church of the Firstborn is one of the few Mormon fundamentalist churches to have engaged in active proselytization. While most of their efforts have been focused on attracting Mormon fundamentalists from other groups to join their order, missionaries of the church have preached and distributed tracts at the LDS Church strongholds of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and outside the gates of Temple Square in Salt Lake City. The church's pamphlet "Priesthood Expounded" and other tracts became instrumental in the conversion of nine LDS Church missionaries of the church's French Mission to the LeBaron order, an incident that has been described as the "worst missionary apostasy in the history of the [LDS] Church".[26] 1970s–Church of the First Born of the Lamb of God{{main|Church of the First Born of the Lamb of God}}{{Infobox religion| name = Church of the First Born of the Lamb of God | headquarters = Los Molinos, Baja California, Mexico | founder = Ervil LeBaron | founded_date = | founded_place =Salt Lake City, Utah, United States | separated_from = Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times | number_of_followers = Unknown, may have a few adherents in Los Molinos, Baja California, and elsewhere | publications = }} By 1962, Ervil LeBaron was the Presiding Patriarch of the church and number two in authority to Joel LeBaron. By 1967 he was teaching that he, not Joel, was the proper head of the church. Joel and other leaders of the church denounced Ervil and released him from his position. In August 1972, Ervil LeBaron and his followers established the rival Church of the First Born of the Lamb of God. (The designation Church of the Lamb alludes to the Book of Mormon prophesy holding there to eventually be only two groups in the end times, the Church of the Lamb of God and the church of the devil; see, e.g. 1 Ne. 14: 12.) Ervil began teaching his followers that he was the "One Mighty and Strong" prophesied of in the Doctrine and Covenants, and he prophesied that "Joel will be put to death". On 20 August 1972, Joel LeBaron was shot in the head by one of Ervil's followers, becoming one of the victims of the Ervil LeBaron murders (in which members of the Church of the Lamb of God committed dozens of assassinations of both members of its parent LeBaron sect and of other Mormon fundamentalist groups).[27][29][28][29][30] Recent historySuccessionThe Church of the Firstborn has experienced ongoing leadership succession controversies following its founder's assassination.[31] Joel was succeeded by his brother Verlan, who was killed in an automobile accident in 1981. Joel LeBaron, Jr. and Sigfried Widmar headed rival factions of the Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times. Additionally a new Church of the Firstborn faction had arisen under Alma LeBaron, Jr., referred to as the Economic Government of God;[32] and Floren LeBaron had helped to form a loosely organized faction recognizing no formal leader.[33] Victimizations by Juarez narcoterrorists (2000s)In 2009, the LeBaron enclave in Mexico received national attention in Mexico within the context of war against drug trafficking in Mexico, especially in the northwestern region of the state of Chihuahua. On May 2, Erick Le Baron, 17, was kidnapped for an attempted ransom amount of US$1 million. However, the spokesman of the entire LeBaron community had previously announced its decision not to pay any ransom but instead to seek the release of the young man, who was finally freed by his captors on May 10 without there having been made a ransom payment.[34] Throughout this event, the community spoke out publicly, both in the state capital, Chihuahua, and national and international media against the growing insecurity experienced in the region and maintained its intention to continue a policy of refusal to pay ransoms in cases of possible kidnappings. On July 6, 2009, Erick's brother, Benjamin, and another order member, Luis Widmar Stubbs, were kidnapped and soon thereafter were murdered on the streets of Colonia LeBaron by a group of armed assailants, who left a written message with the victims' bodies which stated that this crime was in retaliation for Benjamin's activism against the traffickers.[35][36][37] In the immediate aftermath, the Mexicans manned a garrison in the town.[38] In 2012 Chihuahua state legislator Alex LeBaron began campaigning for change to Mexican gun laws to legalize arming citizens for self-defense.[39] MemoirsIn 2006, Susan Ray Schmidt, sixth wife of Verlan LeBaron published His Favorite Wife[40] (updated in 2009[41][42]), in 2007 Irene Spencer, wife of Verlan LeBaron, published Shattered Dreams[43] and in 2009, Cult Insanity,[44] – rebutted in 2011 by Thomas J. Liddiard in Shedding Light: Some Observations of a Book Entitled 'Cult Insanity'[45] – and in 2016 Ruth Wariner, daughter of Joel LeBaron, published The Sound of Gravel about experience in the religious group.[46] {{for|true-crime portrayals of the Church of the Lamb of God murders or Ervil faction memoirs|Ervil LeBaron#Depictions}}Further information
See also{{Wikipedia books|1=List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement }}{{Portal|LDS Church}}
Notes1. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbOKc8f7tioC&pg=PA43&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false |page=43 |title=Polygamy in Primetime: Media, Gender, and Politics in Mormon Fundamentalism |first=Janet |last=Bennion |publisher=UPNE |year=2012|isbn=9781611682960 }} 2. ^{{Cite book|quote = Infighting over who would lead the group led the LeBarons to officially split from the AUB and create the Church of the Firstborn of the Fullness of Times, which is now known as the LeBaron Group (Bennion 2011a). The membership of the LeBaron Group is approximately 1,000|chapter=Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Empowerment in Mormon Fundamentalist Communities|title = Sexuality and New Religious Movements|page = 9–28|first1=Jennifer Lara|last1= Fagen|first2=Stuart A.|last2= Wright|year = 2004|publisher = Palgrave Macmillan US|doi = 10.1057/9781137386434_2|isbn = 978-1-349-68146-4}} 3. ^{{cite web|url = http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6227&context=etd|page = 40|last = Wright|first = Lyle O.|title = Origins and Development of the Church of the Firstborn of the Fullness of Times|year = 1963|format = Master's thesis}} 4. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=t8NLOtPTQUkC&pg=PA35&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title = Recreating Utopia in the Desert: A Sectarian Challenge to Modern Mormonism|first = Hans A.|last = Baer|publisher = State University of New York Press|year = 1988|page = 35|isbn = 9780887066818}} 5. ^{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/22/AR2009072203738.html|title = Drug Cartels Target Mormon Clans in Mexico|first = William|last = Booth|publisher = The Washington Post|date = July 23, 2009}} 6. ^{{cite news|publisher = The Improvement Era|url = https://archive.org/stream/improvementera4712unse#page/n55/mode/2up|date = December 1944|title = The Church Moves On: Excommunications|pages = 790–791}} 7. ^{{cite book|url = http://mormonpolygamydocuments.org/fundamentalist-documents/|chapter = MF0048: LeBaron, Joel, 'The Excommunication of Joel LeBaron', photocopy of carbon copy|chapter-url= http://mormonpolygamydocuments.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/MF0048.pdf|publisher = MormonPolygamyDocuments.org|title = Fundamentalist Documents|author = Brian C. Hales|access-date = November 17, 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url = http://mormonpolygamydocuments.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/MF00032.pdf|publisher = MormonPoligamy.org|title = Dear Sam [Samuel W. Taylor]}} 9. ^Janet Bennion (2004). Desert Patriarchy: Mormon and Mennonite Communities in the Chihuahua Valley (Tucson: University of Arizona Press) {{ISBN|0-8165-2334-7}} 10. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books/about/Modern_Polygamy_and_Mormon_Fundamentalis.html?id=JKHtAAAAMAAJ|author=Brian C. Hales|year = 2006|title = Modern Polygamy and Mormon Fundamentalists: The Generations After the Manifesto|location= Salt Lake City|publisher = Greg Kofford Books|isbn = 978-1-58958-035-0|page = 429–}} 11. ^{{cite web|author= Ross Wesley LeBaron|type = transcript|postscript = (excerpt from talk given on KSXX, December 25, 1987)|publisher = HolyOrder.Org |url=https://holyorder.org/2017/07/29/ross-lebaron-keys-given-to-joel-lebaron/ |title=Ross LeBaron: Keys Given to Joel LeBaron | The Holy Order and The Church of The Firstborn |accessdate=2017-11-18|date = 2017-07-29}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|last=Hales|first=Brian C.|title=Ross Wesley LeBaron|url=http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/RossWesleyLeBaron.htm|publisher=mormonfundamentalism.com|accessdate=21 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226200610/http://mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/RossWesleyLeBaron.htm|archivedate=26 December 2013|df=}} 13. ^{{Citation |last= Davidson, Staff Writer |title=Several Men Claim to be The 'One Mighty and Strong' |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/8629/SEVERAL-MEN-CLAIM-TO-BE-THE-ONE-MIGHTY-AND-STRONG.html?pg=1 |accessdate=April 12, 2011 |date= June 28, 1988 |newspaper=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City, Utah}} 14. ^{{cite web|url = https://holyorder.org/2017/08/07/robert-black-the-church-of-the-firstborn-and-temple-ordinances-by-the-aub/|title = The Church of the Firstborn, Temple Ordinances and the AUB: Statement Concerning Circumstances Surrounding the Commencement of Temple Ordinances by the Apostolic United Brethren (Allred Group)|author = Robert Rey Black|access-date = November 17, 2017|date = November 19, 2011|publisher = HolyOrder.org}} 15. ^{{cite web|url = http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6227&context=etd|page = 40|last = Wright|first = Lyle O.|title = Origins and Development of the Church of the Firstborn of the Fullness of Times|year = 1963|format = Master's thesis}} 16. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/?id=pKbtAAAAMAAJ&dq=gods+brothel&q=collier|title = God's Brothel|first = Andrea|last = Moore-Emmett|publisher = Pince-Nez Press|year = 2004|isbn = 9781930074132}} 17. ^{{cite book|title = Encyclopedia of Mormonism|chapter-url= http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/EoM/id/4391/show/5598| chapter= Church of the Firstborn|page = 276|year = 1992|author = Daniel H. Ludlow|publisher = Macmillan|place = New York|title-link= Encyclopedia of Mormonism}} 18. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=N5oTwmnCKNIC&pg=PA47&lpg=#v=onepage&q&f=false|page = 47|title = Doctrine of the Priesthood Vol 9 No. 4 - The Church of the Firstborn and its Principles and Doctrinal Teachings and a Short History of Succession in the Priesthood|place = Salt Lake City, Utah|date = April 1992|author = Ross LeBaron|publisher = Collier's Publishing Company|isbn = 9780934964715}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://mapserver.inegi.org.mx/AHL/realizaBusquedaurl.do?cvegeo=080230005 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120630035811/http://mapserver.inegi.org.mx/AHL/realizaBusquedaurl.do?cvegeo=080230005 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-06-30 |title=Archivo histórico de localidades |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía}} 20. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbOKc8f7tioC&pg=PA43&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false |page=43 |title=Polygamy in Primetime: Media, Gender, and Politics in Mormon Fundamentalism |first=Janet |last=Bennion |publisher=UPNE |year=2012|isbn=9781611682960 }} 21. ^{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Mormon History |year=2005 |volume=31 |issue=1 |page=216 |title=Reviews: Janet Bennion, Desert Patriarchy: Mormon and Mennonite Communities in the Chihuahua Valley |author=Brian C. Hales |url=http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=mormonhistory}} 22. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=A6giV-AxsykC&printsec=frontcover&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title = Desert Patriarchy: Mormon and Mennonite Communities in the Chihuahua Valley|first = Janet|last = Bennion|publisher = University of Arizona Press|year = 2004|isbn = 9780816523344}} 23. ^{{cite news |publisher=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/22/AR2009072203738_2.html?hpid=topnews&sid=ST2009072203833 |title=Ambushed by a Drug War: Mormon Clans in Mexico Find Themselves Targets of the Cartels |date=July 23, 2009 |first=William |last=Booth}} 24. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/life/religion/6524161.html |publisher=Houston Chronicle |first=Dudley |last=Althaus |date=July 11, 2009 |title=In killings, sect suffers a new bloody chapter}} 25. ^{{cite book |title=Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education: Volume 2 of The Fundamentalism Project |author=D. Michael Quinn |editor1=Martin E. Marty |editor2=R. Scott Appleby |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-226-50881-8 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ye7DYE39tf8C&pg=PA248&dq=%22church+of+the+firstborn%22+thousand+lebaron#v=onepage&q=%22church%20of%20the%20firstborn%22%20thousand%20lebaron&f=false}} 26. ^Kahlile Mehr, "The Trial of the French Mission" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614014812/http://content.lib.utah.edu/u/?%2Fdialogue%2C21086 |date=2011-06-14 }}, A Journal of Mormon Thought, vol. 21, no. 3 (Autumn 1988) pp. 27–45. 27. ^{{cite web|author=Harvey Rice, Houston Chronicle |url=http://www.chron.com/life/houston-belief/article/Cult-leader-s-daughter-s-guilty-plea-draws-bloody-2077416.php |title=Cult leader's daughter's guilty plea draws bloody saga to close - Houston Chronicle |publisher=Chron.com |date=2011-06-16 |accessdate=2016-04-18}} 28. ^{{cite book|last1=Chynoweth|first1=Rena|title=The Blood Covenant|date=1990|publisher=Eakin Pr|isbn=978-0890157688|pages=5 & 205}} 29. ^{{cite book|title = Cult Insanity: A Memoir of Polygamy, Prophets, and Blood Atonement|first = Irene|last = Spencer|year = 2009|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UCAoNS_wIsUC&q=after+he+died#v=snippet&q=%22counselor%20siegfried%22&f=false|isbn = 9781599952130}} 30. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0DQaTU7Opq0C&q=charisma#v=snippet&q=exceptional%20charisma&f=false|title = Under the banner of heaven: a story of violent faith|author = Jon Krakauer|year = 2004|page = 266|isbn = 9781400078998}} 31. ^1 {{Citation |others=Utah Attorney General’s Office and Arizona Attorney General's Office |title=The Primer, Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities: Fundamentalist Mormon Communities |url=http://infosect.freeshell.org/infocult/ThePrimeronPolygamy.pdf |accessdate=June 29, 2010 |date=June 2006 |format=PDF|quote=The group splintered after members committed a string of assassinations in the 1980's.}} 32. ^{{cite news|publisher = Times-News (Idaho)|title = Ervil LeBarons bloodyda doctrine of vengeance haunts his [rivals] in this polygamous community|date = July 2, 1988|url = https://archive.org/stream/The_Times_News_Idaho_Newspaper_1988_07_02/The_Times_News_Idaho_Newspaper_1988_07_02_djvu.txt}} 33. ^{{cite book|url = http://mormonpolygamydocuments.org/fundamentalist-documents/|chapter = MF0224 LeBarons, research file|chapter-url= http://mormonpolygamydocuments.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/MF0224.pdf|publisher = MormonPolygamyDocuments.org|title = Fundamentalist Documents|author = Brian C. Hales|access-date = November 17, 2017}} 34. ^{{cite web | title = Plagio de hermano lo llevó a la muerte | url = http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/72405.html | publisher = El Universal | date = 8 July 2009 | accessdate = 2009-07-07}} 35. ^{{cite web| title = Matan a Benjamín Le Barón, activista contra secuestros | url = http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/72402.html | publisher = El Universal | date = 8 July 2009 | accessdate = 2009-07-07}} 36. ^{{cite web| title = Plagiarios castigan a pueblo en rebeldía | url = http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/primera/33267.html | publisher = El Universal | date = 8 July 2009 | accessdate = 2009-07-07}} 37. ^{{cite web | author = Joaquín Fuentes | title = Asesinan a líder mormón Benjamín Le Barón | url = http://www.milenio.com/node/245426 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090710114206/http://www.milenio.com/node/245426 | dead-url = yes | archive-date = 10 July 2009 | publisher = Milenio Diario | date = 8 July 2009 | accessdate = 2009-07-07}} 38. ^{{cite web|author=6:16 AM ET |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/01/28/145996427/mexican-community-takes-taboo-stance-on-guns |title=Law-Abiding Mexicans Taking Up Illegal Guns |publisher=NPR |date=2012-01-28 |accessdate=2016-04-18}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/nationworld/mexico/20121230-brothers-in-tiny-mexican-town-push-for-changes-to-nations-strict-gun-control-laws.ece |title=Brothers in tiny Mexican town push for changes to nation's strict gun-control laws | Dallas Morning News |publisher=Dallasnews.com |date=2012-12-30 |accessdate=2016-04-18}} 40. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKjRPQAACAAJ&dq= |title=His Favorite Wife: A True Story of Violent Fanaticism - Susan Ray Schmidt - Google Books |accessdate=2016-04-18|isbn=9780977973002 |last1=Schmidt |first1=Susan Ray |year=2006 }} 41. ^{{cite web|author=Dana Dugan |url=http://archives.mtexpress.com/index2.php?issue_date=09-15-2006&ID=2005112447#.VwVrepwrKig |title=Idaho Mountain Express: Fanaticism and polygamy: A woman's story - September 15, 2006 |publisher=Archives.mtexpress.com |date=2006-09-15 |accessdate=2016-04-18}} 42. ^{{cite news|publisher = sltrib.com|title = Lifetime offers melodrama with 'Escape From Polygamy'|date = August 8, 2013|url = http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogspolygblog/56708475-191/polygamy-movie-ervil-favorite.html.csp|first = Jim|last = Dalrymple|access-date = 2016-04-06|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160419091920/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogspolygblog/56708475-191/polygamy-movie-ervil-favorite.html.csp|archive-date = 2016-04-19|dead-url = yes|df = }} 43. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WTIh7v609t0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false|title = Shattered Dreams: My Life as a Polygamist's Wife|first = Irene|last = Spencer|year = 2007|isbn = 9781599950310}} 44. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UCAoNS_wIsUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false|title = Cult Insanity: A Memoir of Polygamy, Prophets, and Blood Atonement|first = Irene|last = Spencer|year = 2009|isbn = 9781599952130}} 45. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UBb2niJ0G4QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22#v=onepage&q&f=false|title = Shedding Light: Some Observations of a Book Entitled 'Cult Insanity'|first = Thomas J.|last = Liddiard|year = 2011|isbn = 9781463434434}} 46. ^{{cite web|author=Kristen Mascia |url=http://www.salon.com/2016/01/03/polygamy_stunts_a_womans_mind_the_sound_of_gravel_author_ruth_wariner_on_her_fundamentalist_mormon_childhood_becoming_a_feminist_and_life_after_leaving_the_church/ |title="Polygamy stunts a woman's mind": "The Sound of Gravel" author Ruth Wariner on her fundamentalist Mormon childhood, becoming a feminist and life after leaving the church |publisher=Salon.com |date=2016-01-03 |accessdate=2016-04-18}} References
7 : Mormon fundamentalist sects|Churches in Mexico|History of Chihuahua (state)|Religious organizations established in 1955|1955 establishments in Mexico|Christian denominations established in the 20th century|LeBaron family |
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