| 词条 | Cinnamon Bay Plantation |
| 释义 |
| name = Cinnamon Bay Plantation | nrhp_type = hd | nocat = yes | image = Cinnamon Bay Plantation; Saint John, United States Virgin Islands.jpg | caption = Cinnamon Bay Plantation. | nearest_city= Cruz Bay, Virgin Islands | coordinates = {{coord|18|21|14|N|64|45|18|W|display=inline,title}} | architect = | architecture = | added = July 11, 1978 | area = {{convert|13|acre}} | governing_body = National Park Service | mpsub = Virgin Islands National Park MRA (AD) | refnum = 78000269[1] }}Cinnamon Bay Plantation is an approximately {{convert|300|acre|km2|sing=on}} property situated on the north central coast of Saint John in the United States Virgin Islands adjacent to Cinnamon Bay.[2] The land, part of Virgin Islands National Park, was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on July 11, 1978.[1] Archaeological excavations of the land document ceremonial activity of the Taínos, as well as historic remains of plantation ruins.[3] HistoryEarly inhabitantsArchaeological evidence shows that the first inhabitants of the Virgin Islands were Ortoiroid people, who began their migration into the Antilles from the Orinoco River basin in South America about 2000 BC. The historic Arawak people migrated to the area over a period of many centuries and engaged in the first agriculture on the land.[2][4] Archaeological excavations confirm a Classic Taino culture at Cinnamon Bay.[5] Plantation eraStarting in the 1680s, prior to any formal colonization, the land along the shoreline of the north central coast of Saint John was occupied for decades by settlers of diverse nationalities. The property was used for maritime activities and cotton production.[6] The Danish claimed Saint John on March 25, 1718, and the area along the north central coast from Caneel Bay to Cinnamon Bay was occupied by nine private land owners. The Danish established large sugarcane plantations worked by slaves brought from Africa.[2] Daniel Jansen and his wife Adriana Delicat were the first land owners to acquire a formal Danish deed for property at Cinnamon Bay. Approximate to Jenson's purchase in 1718, a coastal parcel of land was purchased by William Gandy in 1722 and was later bought by Peter Durloo in 1728. Durloo was the husband of Daniel Jansen's daughter, Elizabeth. Durloo's newly acquired coastal land abutted Jensen's property to the north. In 1719, Pieter de Buyck purchased property along the north central coast of the island, east of the Gandy-Durloo land. After De Buyck's death in 1728, the land became the property of Abraham Beaudewyn. The 1936 tax records show that Jasper Jansen, Daniel and Adriana Jansen's eldest son, owned the De Buyck-Beaudewyn land. Despite the short tenure of De Buyck, this locale still carries his name, Peter Bay. These three parcels of land – the Jansen, Gandy-Durloo, and De Buyck-Beaudewyn properties – became the consolidated estate later known as Cinnamon Bay Plantation.[7] List of new owners of the consolidated property:
1733 slave insurrectionDuring the 1733 slave insurrection on St. John, slaves loyal to the Jensen family held off the rebel slaves long enough for the Jansen's to escape, but they could not prevent "the property's dwelling house, storage building, and boiling house from being looted and burned, nor could they prevent the Jansen cane fields from being set ablaze."[7] 20th century historyIn 1913, Cinnamon Bay was bought by a Danish company, and the land was used for breeding and raising of cattle. In 1955, Cinnamon Bay was sold to Jackson Hole Preserve, Incorporated and in 1956 donated to Virgin Islands National Park. Sugar plantationThe 1805 tax rolls show that Cinnamon Bay plantation had {{convert|105|acre|km2}} planted in sugarcane, {{convert|48|acre|m2}} in provision crops, and {{convert|147|acre|km2}} unused or in bush.[8] Historic districtThe Cinnamon Bay Plantation historic district was a collection of former plantation buildings clustered around the North Short Road when it was added to the historic register in 1978. These included a factory building, plantation house, servants quarters, and other buildings commonly associated with a sugar plantation. Two small cemeteries were also present.[9] The remains of the factory cannot be dated precisely, though they are of a type common to the early and mid 1700s. The plantation itself was known to be active prior to the 1733 slave rebellion. Middens in the area provide evidence of pre-Columbian occupation over an extensive period.[9] Virgin Islands National Park{{further|Virgin Islands National Park}}The land was donated to the United States National Park Service in 1956 by Laurence Rockefeller. Virgin Islands National Park was then established here. See also
Cinnamon Bay Plantation|position=left}} References1. ^1 {{NRISref|2009a}} {{NRHP in Virgin Islands NP}}{{National Register of Historic Places}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.friendsvinp.org/archive/Cinnamon/cinmer3exec.htm|title=Introduction:A Documentary History of the Cinnamon Bay Plantation 1718–1917|year=1999|work=|publisher=Cinnamon Bay Archaeological Project}} 3. ^Archeology at Cinnamon Bay 4. ^Investigations at Cinnamon Bay 5. ^Understanding The Petroglyphs. 6. ^Dr. Doug Armstrong, "The Shoreline Settlement at Cinnamon Bay, St. John, U.S.V.I.: A Small Estate Established Before formal Colonization and Burned During the Slave Rebellion of 1733", paper presented at the 2003 Conference of the Society for Historical Archaeology. 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.friendsvinp.org/archive/Cinnamon/cinmer31.htm|title=Part I:A Documentary History of the Cinnamon Bay Plantation 1718–1917|year=1999|work=|publisher=Cinnamon Bay Archaeological Project|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506102132/http://www.friendsvinp.org/archive/Cinnamon/cinmer31.htm|archivedate=2008-05-06|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.friendsvinp.org/archive/Cinnamon/cinmer31.htm|title=Part III:A Documentary History of the Cinnamon Bay Plantation 1718–1917|year=1999|work=|publisher=Cinnamon Bay Archaeological Project|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506102132/http://www.friendsvinp.org/archive/Cinnamon/cinmer31.htm|archivedate=2008-05-06|df=}} 9. ^1 {{cite web| url = {{NRHP url|id=78000269}}| title = National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form: Cinnamon Bay Plantation| accessdate = 2015-04-02|author=Frederik C. Giessing|format = PDF| publisher=National Park Service|date=April 1976}} {{NRHP url|id=78000269|title=Four photos (1973)|photos=y}} 9 : Sugar plantations in the United States Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands National Park|Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands|Taíno|Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States Virgin Islands|Historic American Engineering Record in the United States Virgin Islands|18th century in the Danish West Indies|19th century in the Danish West Indies|20th century in the Danish West Indies |
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