1. Early life

2. Career

3. References

Ir. Ciputra, also known as Tjipoetra or Tjie Tjien Hoan ({{zh|c=徐振焕}}, born 24 August 1931), is a Chinese Indonesian businessman who owns Ciputra Development, which is a property company in Indonesia, and Ciputra Group.

Born in Parigi, Central Sulawesi, Ciputra was the 23rd-richest Indonesian according to Forbes, with a total of US$1.3 billion.^[1] He is also the biggest philanthropist in Indonesia.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}

Early life

He spent his childhood days in Parigi. His father Tjie Siem Poe was arrested by unknown soldiers in 1944 during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, was accused of being spy, and never returned again.

He spent his primary and high school days in Manado. After graduating from high school, he moved to Bandung, where he enrolled to Bandung Institute of Technology. During his fourth year there, he set up an architectural firm with his friends. He graduated from the Bandung Institute of Technology in 1960.

Career

He established PT Pembangunan Jaya in 1961 after he had earned his bachelor's degree in engineering from Bandung Institute of Technology. At first, PT Pembangunan Jaya (or Jaya Group) was operated by only five people, but it had 20 subsidiaries, with 14,000 employees, 20 years later. One innovation was the construction of the Taman Impian Jaya Ancol (TIJA) project. Then, most projects were engaged with Jaya Group as its main contractor, architect or mechanical engineering consultant.

In 1971, the second development group was established. The Metropolitan Group (PT. Metropolitan Development) was based in Depok, Indonesia. The company has 46 companies. PT. Metropolitan Development operates as a holding company and, through its subsidiaries, engages in real estate, hotel, shopping centres, industry, tourism, trading and health care.

Ciputra established Ciputra Group as a family business on 22 October 1981 under the name of PT Citra Habitat Indonesia. However, on 28 December 1990, the company changed its name to PT Ciputra Development, which is still used.

By the late 1990s, the company had 40 businesses in the property and financial sectors.

During the 1998 Asian financial crisis that hit Indonesia hard, many investors of bonds and stocks Ciputra's publicly-owned companies suffered financially as the value of their investments plummeted, making in some of those companies become insolvent. To overcome the crisis, he sacrificed his assets and settled his obligation to the investors. Then, he restructured his companies and expanding to all over Indonesia as well as Vietnam, Cambodia and China. Now, he is known as one of successful entrepreneurs in Asia, with his 9 listed companies and his vision to expand the entrepreneur spirit in Indonesia.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}

Ciputra is one of the most successful entrepreneurs in Indonesia who involved himself in the development of entrepreneurial culture of Indonesian society. He believes that Indonesia will become a developed country if it has at least four million entrepreneurs.

References

• Soviet Encyclopedia
• Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary
• Soviet Era
• Soviet espionage
• Soviet espionage in the US
• Soviet Estonia
• Soviet extermination of Poles 1937-1938
• Soviet Famine of 1932-33
• Soviet famine of 1932–33
• Soviet Fifth Army
• Soviet film
• Soviet film industry
• Soviet films
• Soviet-Finnish conflict 1921—1922
• Soviet-Finnish non-aggression pact
• Soviet-Finnish Non-Aggression Treaty
• Soviet-Finnish War (1939-1940)
• Soviet First Army
• Soviet First Guards Army
• Soviet First League
• Soviet Flag
• Soviet fleet
• Soviet Forces in Afghan Civil War
• Soviet forces in Poland
• Soviet Foreign Minister