| 词条 | Cissus quadrangularis | ||||
| 释义 |
| image = Cissus quadrangularis MS0938.jpg | genus = Cissus | species = quadrangularis | authority = L. | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [1] }}Cissus quadrangularis is a perennial plant of the grape family. It is commonly known as veldt grape,[2] devil's backbone, adamant creeper, asthisamharaka, hadjod and pirandai.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} The species is native to tropical Asia, Arabia and much of Africa.[2] DescriptionCissus quadrangularis reaches a height of {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} and has quadrangular-sectioned branches with internodes {{convert|8-10|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1.2-1.5|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide. Along each angle is a leathery edge. Toothed trilobe leaves {{convert|2-5|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide appear at the nodes. Each has a tendril emerging from the opposite side of the node. Racemes of small white, yellowish, or greenish flowers; globular berries are red when ripe. Cissus quadrangularis is an evergreen climber growing to {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{convert|.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} at a fast rate. It is hardy to zone (UK) 10. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.[3]Traditional medicineCissus quadrangularis has been used as a medicinal plant since antiquity.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Cissus has been used in various Ayurvedic classical medicines to heal broken bones and injured ligaments and tendons.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} In siddha medicine it is considered a tonic and analgesic, and is believed to help heal broken bones, thus its name asthisamharaka (that which prevents the destruction of bones). The Assamese people and the Garo tribe of Meghalaya and Bangladesh have used C. quadrangularis for bone fracture.[4]Experimental studies{{medical citations needed|section|date=June 2014}}One preliminary clinical study found a benefit in weight reduction and an improvement in the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome in obese patients who had been given C. quadrangularis supplements.[5] Another study found a potential synergistic effect between C. quadrangularis and Irvingia gabonensis.[6] A weight loss supplement containing Cissus quadrangularis and other ingredients including green tea, soy, selenium, chromium, and B vitamins was evaluated in an 8-week trial. The supplement helped reduce body weight by 4–8% (placebo 2.4%) a clinically significant weight loss.[7] A paper published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology in October 2010, on conflicts of interest in alternative weight loss product research, noted that at least three studies supported the safety and effectiveness of CQ for weight loss, but "lack financial disclosures or funding sources, beyond mentioning that the CQ being tested was provided by" General Health Alliances, an herbal products manufacturer. The studies did not disclose that one of its authors was a chief scientific officer for GHA that holds a patent on a CQ product.[8] C. quadrangularis has been studied for its effects in a rat model for osteoporosis.[9]C. quadrangularis has been studied in animal models of bone fracture.[10]Its bactericidal effects on Helicobacter pylori indicate a potential use for treating gastric ulcers in conjunction with NSAID therapy.[11] ChemistryC. quadrangularis has been found to contain carotenoids, triterpenoids, and ascorbic acid.[12] The plant also produces the resveratrol dimer quadrangularin A.[13]References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2722833|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=9 July 2015}} 2. ^1 {{GRIN | accessdate = 19 February 2019}} 3. ^https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cissus+quadrangularis 4. ^{{cite journal | title = Medicinal plants of the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh | journal = American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture | date = Jan–Apr 2009 | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 165–171 |author1=Mia, Md. Manzur-ul-Kadir |author2=Kadir, Mohammad Fahim |author3=Hossan, Md. Shahadat |author4=Rahmatullah, Mohammed | url = http://web.b.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=19950748&AN=44904109&h=6Qh3HoeclpjYOGQfcmT4RZThZc8F3rzKYiU8hCIHmjYGREz5YkfdSV2vbyPdnM%2fjnLBL8yu8aVKwqG6qyynYlg%3d%3d&crl=c}} 5. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1186/1476-511X-5-24| pmid = 16948861| year = 2006| last1 = Oben | first1 = J. | title = The use of a Cissus quadrangularis formulation in the management of weight loss and metabolic syndrome| journal = Lipids in Health and Disease| volume = 5| pages = 24| last2 = Kuate | first2 = D. | last3 = Agbor | first3 = G. | last4 = Momo | first4 = C. | last5 = Talla | first5 = X. | pmc = 1570348}} 6. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1186/1476-511X-7-12| pmid = 18377661| title = The use of a Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination in the management of weight loss: A double-blind placebo-controlled study| journal = Lipids in Health and Disease| volume = 7| pages = 12| year = 2008| last1 = Oben | first1 = J. E. | last2 = Ngondi | first2 = J. L. | last3 = Momo | first3 = C. N. | last4 = Agbor | first4 = G. A. | last5 = Sobgui | first5 = C. | pmc = 2330043}} 7. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 20425569 | year = 2010 | last1 = Greenway | first1 = FL | last2 = Bray | first2 = GA | title = Combination drugs for treating obesity | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–15 | doi = 10.1007/s11892-010-0096-4 | journal = Current Diabetes Reports}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Lobb|first=Anno|title=Science of weight loss supplements: Compromised by conflicts of interest?|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|date=14 October 2010|volume=16|issue=38|pages=4880–4882|doi=10.3748/wjg.v16.i38.4880|pmid=20939120|pmc=2955261}} 9. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/03009730902891784| pmid = 19736603| title = Evidence-based assessment of antiosteoporotic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. On ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis| journal = Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences| volume = 114| issue = 3| pages = 140–8| year = 2009| last1 = Potu | first1 = B. K. | last2 = Rao | first2 = M. S. | last3 = Nampurath | first3 = G. K. | last4 = Chamallamudi | first4 = M. R. | last5 = Prasad | first5 = K. | last6 = Nayak | first6 = S. R. | last7 = Dharmavarapu | first7 = P. K. | last8 = Kedage | first8 = V. | last9 = Bhat | first9 = K. M. R. | pmc = 2852762}} 10. ^{{cite journal | journal = Indian Journal of Pharmacology | date = 1994 | volume = 26 | pages = 44–45 | title = Effect of Cissus Quadrangularis in Accelerating Healing Process of Experimentally Fracture Radius-Ulna of Dog: A Preliminary Study | url = https://www.wellcorps.com/files/EffectOfCissusQuadrangularisInAcceleratingHealingOfFracture.pdf}} 11. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.076| pmid = 16338111| title = Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis on neutrophil mediated tissue injury induced by aspirin in rats| journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology| volume = 104| issue = 3| pages = 302–5| year = 2006| last1 = Jainu | first1 = M. | last2 = Mohan | first2 = K. V. | last3 = Devi | first3 = C. S. S. }} 12. ^{{cite journal | title = In vitro and In vivo evaluation of free radical scavenging potential of Cissus quadrangularis |author1=Mallika Jainu |author2=C.S. Shyamala Devi | journal = African Journal of Biomedical Research | volume = 8 | date = 2005 | pages = 95–99 | url = http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajbr/article/viewFile/35768/59535}} 13. ^{{cite journal | title = Total Synthesis of (±)-Quadrangularin A |author1=Wenling Li |author2=Hao Li |author3=Ying Li |author4=Zijie Hou | journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition | volume = 45 | issue = 45 | pages = 7609–7611 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200603097|year=2006 }} External links{{Commons category}}{{WestAfricanPlants|Cissus quadrangularis}}
6 : Plants described in 1767|Flora of Africa|Flora of the Arabian Peninsula|Flora of tropical Asia|Plants used in Ayurveda|Cissus |
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