“City region (United Kingdom)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A city region is the functional region around a city or large town, consisting of several areas of local government and smaller than the already existing regions of England. During the 2000s there were proposals to officially designate city regions and for there to be directly elected mayors. The policy that resulted from this was the creation of combined authorities in England with committee-based leadership.

Background

City region is a concept used by economists and urban planners to denote a metropolitan area and its hinterland, usually divided administratively but with shared resources and markets. It originated in a British policy context through Derek Senior's Memorandum of Dissent in the 1969 Redcliffe-Maud Report. Tightly defined areas around major cities became metropolitan counties in 1974, but the elected county governance was abolished in 1986 and replaced with indirectly elected structures such as passenger transport authorities.

In 2004 plans for Regional Assemblies in England were rejected in a referendum by voters in North East England.

The concept of city regions and their development features heavily in The Northern Way, a collaborative development plan between the three northernmost English regional development agencies. Major cities started to collaborate through the Core Cities Group.

The New Local Government Network proposed the creation of city regions as part of on-going reform efforts, while a report released by the IPPR's Centre for Cities proposed the creation of four large city-regions based on Birmingham , Leeds, Liverpool and Greater Manchester.

A report submitted to the Welsh Assembly recommended the creation of two city regions in South Wales, the Swansea Bay City Region centred on Swansea (region population: 685,051), and the far larger Cardiff City Region/Cardiff Capital Region centred on Cardiff (region population: 1,400,000).^[1]^[2]

City regions are wider than urban areas used by the Office for National Statistics, but narrower than the regions defined by Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).

Policy

In July 2007, HM Treasury published its Review of sub-national economic development and regeneration, which stated that the government would allow those city regions that wished to work together to form a statutory framework for city regional activity, including powers over transport, skills, planning and economic development.^[3]

In the April 2009 Budget, the government announced that Greater Manchester and Leeds would be the first two city regions with formal powers.^[4] While this was later discontinued as a result of the May 2010 general election, the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government did agree to the creation of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority in 2011.

Several of the 'city deals' agreed between the Cabinet Office/Department for Communities and Local Government in 2012 included city regional working at their core, including new combined authorities.^[5]

Created

England

Scotland

Wales

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-18802143|title='City regions' set for Cardiff and Swansea to boost prospects|author=|date=|work=BBC News|accessdate=30 October 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/cardiff-feature-name-city-region-6885090|title=Cardiff to feature in name for city region covering South-East Wales|author=Sion Barry|date=27 March 2014|work=walesonline|accessdate=30 October 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/spending_review/spend_csr07/reviews/subnational_econ_review.cfm |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130129110402/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/spending_review/spend_csr07/reviews/subnational_econ_review.cfm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=29 January 2013 |title=Sub-national economic development and regeneration review |date=17 July 2007 |publisher=HM Treasury |accessdate=14 December 2015 }}
4. ^Budget 2009: Economic and Fiscal Strategy Report para 4.48
5. ^City Deals Cabinet Office website
6. ^City Regions Article, ONS. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-33959246|title=Councils make £1bn city deal bid for Edinburgh and south east Scotland|author=|date=7 August 2015|work=BBC News|accessdate=15 December 2015}}
8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/edinburgh-city-deal-moving-forward-1-3959105|title=Edinburgh City Deal moving forward|author=|date=26 November 2015|newspaper=Edinburgh Evening News|accessdate=15 December 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/city-deal-glasgow-and-clyde-valley|title=City Deal: Glasgow and Clyde Valley|author=|date=4 July 2014|publisher=Deputy Prime Minister's Office and Cabinet Office|accessdate=15 December 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-28872687|title=Glasgow formally signs £1bn investment city deal|author=|date=20 August 2014|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=15 December 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=13045 |title=£1.13billion City Deal for Glasgow City Region Signed Today |author= |date=August 2014 |work=glasgow.gov.uk |accessdate=15 December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222105519/https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=13045 |archivedate=22 December 2015 |df= }}