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词条 Civil Services of India
释义

  1. History

     Modern era  Constitutional provision for All India Services 

  2. Power, purpose, and responsibilities

  3. Governance

     Head of the Civil Services 

  4. Values and codes

     Values  Codes 

  5. Construction

     All India Services  Central Services (Group A)  Central Services (Group B)  State Services (Group A)  State Services (Group B) 

  6. Concerns and Reforms

     Civil Services Day 

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

     Official  All India Civil Services  Central Civil Services  Others 
{{Redirect-synonym|Indian Civil Service|Imperial Civil Service, the Indian civil services during the British Raj}}{{Politics of India}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}

The Civil Services refer to the career bureaucrats who are the permanent executive branch of the Republic of India. The civil service system is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country.[1][2]

In India's parliamentary democracy, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the people's elected representatives—cabinet ministers. But a handful of ministers cannot be expected to deal personally with the manifold problems of modern administration. Thus the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants, who serve at the pleasure of the President of India, to carry it out. However, Article 311 of the constitution protects them from politically motivated or vindictive action.

Civil servants are employees of the Government of India or of the states, but not all employees of the Government are civil servants. As of 2010, there were 6.4 million government employees in India but fewer than 50,000 civil servants to administer them.[3]

Civil servants in a personal capacity are paid from the Civil List. Senior civil servants may be called to account by Parliament.

The civil service system in India is rank-based and does not follow the tenets of the position-based civil services.[2]

The Government of India recently approved the formation of two new cadres of civil servants: the Indian Skill Development Service (2015)[4][5] and the Indian Enterprise Development Service (2016).[6]

History

{{Main article|Civil Service in early India|Aitchison Commission|Royal Commission on the Public Services in India|Imperial Secretariat Service}}{{see also|Imperial Civil Service}}{{Rquote|right|If a responsible government is to be established in India, there will be a far greater need than is even dreamt of at present for persons to take part in public affairs in the legislative assemblies and elsewhere and for this reason the more Indians we can employ in the public service the better. Moreover, it would lessen the burden of Imperial responsibilities if a body of capable Indian administrators could be produced.|Regarding the importance of Indianising Civil Services, Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms[7]}}

The present civil services of India are mainly based on the pattern of the former Indian Civil Service of British India. Warren Hastings laid the foundation of civil service and Charles Cornwallis reformed, modernised, and rationalised it. Hence, Charles Cornwallis is known as 'the father of civil service in India'.

Cornwallis introduced two divisions of the Indian Civil service—covenanted and uncovenanted. The covenanted civil service consisted of only Europeans (i.e., British personnel) occupying the higher posts in the government. The uncovenanted civil service was solely introduced to facilitate the entry of Indians at the lower rung of the administration.[8][9]

With the passing of the Government of India Act 1919, the Imperial Services headed by the Secretary of State for India were split into two—the All India Services and the Central Services.[10]

The All India and Central Services (Group A) were designated as Central Superior Services as early as 1924.[11] From 1924 to 1934, the administration of India consisted of 10 All India Services and 5 central departments, all under the control of the Secretary of State for India, and 3 central departments under joint Provincial and Imperial Control.[11]

Modern era

The present modern civil service was formed after the partition of India in 1947. It was Sardar Patel's vision that the civil service should strengthen cohesion and national unity. The values of integrity, impartiality, and merit remain the guiding principles of the Indian civil services.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

By the early 21st century, especially in Indian media, Indian civil servants were regularly colloquially called 'babus' (as in 'the rule of babus'),[12] while Indian bureaucracy is called 'babudom'.[13][14][15]

The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, located in New Delhi, is unofficially the 'Ministry of Civil Services'. The Ministry is responsible for training, reforms, and pensions for the civil service system in India.

Constitutional provision for All India Services

The constitution under Article 312[16] gives authority to the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) to set up new branches of the All India Services with a two-thirds majority vote. The Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, and Indian Forest Service have been established under this constitutional provision.[17]

Power, purpose, and responsibilities

The responsibility of the civil services is to run the administration of India. The country is managed through a number of central government agencies in accordance with policy directions from the ministries.

Among the members of the civil services are administrators in the central government and state government; emissaries in the foreign missions/embassies; tax collectors and revenue commissioners; civil service commissioned police officers; permanent representative(s) and employees in the United Nations and its agencies; and chairmen, managing directors, and full-time functional directors and members of the board of various public-sector undertakings, enterprises, corporations, banks, and financial institutions. Civil servants are employed to various agencies of India and can also be appointed as advisors, special duty officers, or private secretaries to ministers of the Union and the State Government.[18][19]

All appointments in the rank of Joint Secretary to Government of India and above, other major appointments, empanelment, and extension of tenure are done by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. Lower appointments are handled by the Civil Services Board.

Civil servants are the actual makers of Indian law and policy. They work on behalf of the elected government and cannot publicly show their disinterest or disapproval for it. It is mandatory for them to form certain rules and policies according to the government's views and interests. However, they cannot be removed by any state or central government, but can only be retired.

Governance

Head of the Civil Services

{{Main article|Cabinet Secretary of India}}

The highest ranking civil servant is the Cabinet Secretary. He is ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board; the chief of the Indian Administrative Service and head of all civil services under the rules of business of the Government of India. He also holds the 11th position in the Order of Precedence of India.

The position holder is accountable for ensuring that the Civil Service is equipped with the skills and capability to meet the everyday challenges it faces and that civil servants work in a fair and decent environment.

Values and codes

Values

A member of the civil service in discharge of his/her functions is to be guided by maintaining absolute integrity, allegiance to the constitution and the law of the nation, patriotism, national pride, devotion to duty, honesty, impartiality and transparency.[20]

Codes

The Government of India promotes values and a certain standard of ethics of requiring and facilitating every civil servant:[20]

  • To discharge official duty with responsibility, honesty, accountability and without discrimination.
  • To ensure effective management, leadership development and personal growth.
  • To avoid misuse of official position or information.
  • To serve as instruments of good governance and foster social economic development.

Construction

The Higher Civil Services of India can be classified into two types - the All India Services and the Central Civil Services (Group A). The recruits are university graduates (or above) selected through a rigorous system of examinations: Civil Services Examination, Engineering Services Examination, Combined Geo-Scientist and Geologist Examination, I.E.S./I.S.S. Examination, Combined Medical Services Examination, Central Armed Police Forces of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for Group A posts.

All India Services

All appointments to All India Civil Services are made by the President of India.

  • Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
  • Indian Forest Service (IFS)
  • Indian Police Service (IPS)

Central Services (Group A)

The Central Civil Services (Group A) are concerned with the administration of the Union Government.[21]

All appointments to Central Civil Services (Group A) are made by the President of India.

  • Archaeological Service, Group 'A'.
  • Border Roads Engineering Services, Group 'A'
  • Botanical Survey of India, Group 'A'.
  • Central Architects Service, Group 'A'.
  • Central Engineering (Civil) Group 'A' Service.
  • Central Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical) Group 'A' Service.
  • Central Health Service, Group 'A'.
  • Central Revenues Chemical Service, Group 'A'.
  • Central Secretariat Service-

(a) Selection Grade

(b) Grade I.

  • General Central Service, Group 'A'.
  • Geological Survey of India, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Corporate Law Service.
  • Indian Defence Accounts Service
  • Indian Foreign Service, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Meteorological Service, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Postal Service, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Naval Material Management Service
  • Indian Posts and Telegraphs Traffic Service, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Revenue Service -

(a) Customs Branch (Indian Customs Service, Group 'A')

(b) Central Excise Branch (Central Excise Service, Group 'A')

(c) Income Tax Branch (Income Tax Service, Group 'A')

  • Indian Trade Service, Group 'A'
  • Indian Salt Service, Group 'A'.
  • Mercantile Marine Training Ship Service, Group 'A'.
  • Directorate General of Mines Safety, Group 'A'.
  • Overseas Communications Service, Group 'A'.
  • Survey of India, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Telecommunication Service, Group 'A'.
  • Zoological Survey of India, Group 'A'.
  • Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS)
  • Indian Ordnance Factories Heath Service (IOFHS)
  • Indian Frontier Administrative Service, Group 'A'-

(a) Grade I

(b) Grade II

  • Central Legal Service (Grades I, II, III and IV)
  • Railway Inspectorate Service, Group 'A'
  • Indian Foreign Service, Branch (B) (erstwhile)-

(a) General Cadre, Grade I

(b) General Cadre, Grade II

  • Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service, Grade I.
  • Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service, Grade I.
  • Indian Inspection Service, Group 'A'
  • Indian Supply Service, Group 'A'
  • Central Information Service-

(a) Selection Grade

(b) Senior Administrative Grade

(c) Junior Administrative Grade

(d) Grade I

(e) Grade II

  • Indian Statistical Service
  • Indian Economic Service
  • Telegraph Traffic Service, Group 'A'
  • Central Water Engineering Service, Group 'A'
  • Central Power Engineering Service, Group 'A'
  • Indian Civil Accounts Service
  • Labour Officers of the Central Pool, Group 'A'
  • Central Engineering Service (Roads), Group 'A'
  • Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group 'A'
  • Indian Broadcasting (Engineers) Service
  • Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services (Group 'A')
  • Central Secretariat Official Language Service (Group 'A')

Central Services (Group B)

For Group B posts, the Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE) is conducted by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC).{{efn|The Schedule of Central Civil Services for Group 'B'. The complete list as per Department of Personnel & Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Govt. of India}}[22]

All appointments to Group B are made by the authorities specified by a general or special order of the President.{{columns-list|colwidth=40em|
  • Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services
  • Botanical Survey of India, Group 'B'
  • Central Electrical Engineering Service, Group 'B'
  • Central Engineering Service, Group 'B'
  • Central Excise Service, Group ‘B’
  • Central Health Service, Group ‘B’
  • Central Power Engineering Service, Group ‘B’
  • Central Secretariat Official Language Service, Group ‘B’
  • Central Secretariat Service, Group 'B' (Section and Assistant Section Grade officers only)
  • Central Secretariat Stenographers’ Service, (Grade I, Grade II and Selection Grade officers only)
  • Customs Appraisers Service, Group ‘B’- (Principal Appraisers and Head Appraisers)
  • Customs Preventive Service, Group ‘B’ – (Chief Inspectors)
  • Defence Secretariat Service
  • DANICS, Grade II
  • DANIPS, Grade II
  • Geological Survey of India, Group 'B'
  • Indian Foreign Service, Group ‘B’ - (General Cadre, Grade I and General Cadre, Grade II only)
  • Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group ‘B’ Telecommunication Wing.
  • Indian Posts & Telegraphs Accounts & Finance Service, Postal Wing, Group ‘B’
  • Income Tax Service, Group ‘B’
  • Indian Salt Service, Group ‘B’
  • India Meteorological Service, Group ‘B'
  • Survey of India, Group 'B'
  • Postal Superintendents’ Service, Group ‘B’
  • Postmasters’ Service, Group ‘B’
  • Railway Board Secretariat Service, Group ‘B’
  • Telecommunication Engineering Service, Group ‘B’
  • Telegraphs Traffic Service, Group ‘B
  • Zoological Survey of India, Group 'B'

}}

State Services (Group A)

The State Civil Services examinations and recruitment are conducted by the individual states public service commissions in India. These services are feeder services of All India Services.

All appointments to State Services (Group A) are made by the Governors of States.

All state civil and Administrative services in India above the rank of Deputy Collector are group A service. The officers of following services are later promoted to IAS.

  • Andhra Pradesh State Civil Service (Executive Branch)
  • Arunachal Pradesh Civil Service-Executive Branch (APCS)
  • Assam Civil Service (ACS)
  • Bihar Administrative Service (BAS)
  • Goa Civil Service (GCS)
  • State Administrative Service (SAS)
  • State Civil Service (SCS)
  • Gujarat Administrative Service (GAS)
  • Haryana Civil Service (HCS)
  • Himachal Pradesh Administrative Service (HPAS)
  • Jharkhand Administrative Service (JAS)
  • Kashmir Administrative Service (KAS)
  • Karnataka Administrative Service (KAS)
  • Kerala Administrative Service (KAS)
  • Manipur Civil Service (MCS)
  • Mizoram Civil Service (MCS)
  • Meghalaya Civil Service (MCS)
  • Nagaland Civil Service (NCS)
  • Odisha Administrative Service (OAS)
  • Provincial Civil Service (Uttar Pradesh)
  • Punjab Civil Service (PCS)
  • Rajasthan Administrative Service (RAS)
  • Sikkim Civil Service (SCS)
  • Telangana Civil Service-Executive Branch (TCS)
  • Tamil Nadu Civil Service (TNCS)
  • West Bengal Civil Service (WBCS)

All state police services above the rank of Deputy SP are group A service. The officers of following services are later promoted to IPS.

  • Andhra Pradesh State Police Service (APPS)
  • Arunachal Pradesh Police Service (APPS)
  • Assam Police Service (APS)
  • Bihar Police Service (BPS)
  • Goa Police Service (GPS)
  • State Police Service (SPS)
  • State Police Service (SPS)
  • Gujarat Police Service (GPS)
  • Haryana Police Service (HPS)
  • Himachal Pradesh Police Service (HPPS)
  • Jharkhand Police Service (JPS)
  • Kashmir Police Service (KPS)
  • Karnataka State Police Service (KSPS)
  • Kerala Police Service (KPS)
  • Manipur Police Service (MPS)
  • Mizoram Police Service (MPS)
  • Meghalaya Police Service (MPS)
  • Nagaland Police Service (NPS)
  • Odisha Police Service (OPS)
  • Provincial Police Service (Uttar Pradesh) (PPS)
  • Punjab Police Service (PPS)
  • Rajasthan Police Service (RPS)
  • Sikkim Police Service (SPS)
  • Telangana Police Service (TPS)
  • Tamil Nadu Police Service (TNPS)
  • West Bengal Police Service (WBPS)

All state judicial services above the rank of Judicial Magistrate are group A service. The officers of following services are later promoted as judges in High Courts.

  • Higher Judicial Service (HJS)
  • Provincial Civil Service-Judicial Branch (PCS-J)

State Services (Group B)

The state civil services (Group B) deal with subjects such as land revenue, agriculture, forests, education etc. The officers are recruited by different States through the respective State Public Service Commissions, and appointed by the Governor of that state.

  • Assistant Registrar Cooperative Societies
  • Block Development Officer
  • District Employment Officer
  • District Food and Supplies Controller/Officer
  • District Treasury Officer
  • District Welfare Officer
  • Excise and Taxation Officer
  • Tehsildar/Talukadar/Assistant Collector
  • Any other Class-I/Class-II service notified as per rules by the concerned State, i.e. officers, lecturers, assistants, associate professors, or principals of Government Degree Colleges, Class I

Concerns and Reforms

{{Main|Civil service reform in developing countries}}{{Rquote|right|The IAS is hamstrung by political interference, outdated personnel procedures, and a mixed record on policy implementation, and it is in need of urgent reform. The Indian government should reshape recruitment and promotion processes, improve performance-based assessment of individual officers, and adopt safeguards that promote accountability while protecting bureaucrats from political meddling.|The Indian Administrative Service Meets Big Data, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace[23][24]}}

As of 2011, in a duration of past three years over 450 chargesheets have been filed and a total of 943 cases are at different stages of investigation by CBI against civil servants.[25][26]

{{Rquote|right|We estimate that if India were to pursue civil service reforms and reach the Asian average on government effectiveness, it could add 0.9 percentage points annually to per capita GDP... Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance.| Goldman Sachs report[27]}}

A study by the Hong Kong-based Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, released in 2012, ranked and rated Indian bureaucracy as the worst in Asia with a 9.21 rating out of 10. According to the study, India's inefficient and corrupt bureaucracy was responsible for most of the complaints that business executive have about the country.[28][29][30] A paper prepared in 2012 by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions states that corruption is prevalent at all levels in civil services and it is institutionalised.[31][32]

On 28 November 2011, the Department of Personnel and Training (DOPT) of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions created a proposal to retire and remove incompetent, inefficient and unproductive All India Service officers after 15 years of service, instead of tolerating them until their retirement. Former Cabinet Secretary TSR Subramanian welcomed this move with caution, saying, "Periodical weeding out is very good. But the process to determine who needs to be prematurely retired should be fair and transparent. There is a possibility that even good officers may be targeted because of political reasons,". Former UPSC chairman PC Hota echoed his sentiments remarking that, "We need drastic remedies. The situation has become terrible. The other day an officer in Delhi was arrested for disproportionate assets of Rs.31.5 million. She is just a 2000-batch IAS officer with 11 years of service. But at the same time, the officers' service records should be analysed before a decision against him was taken".[33][34][35] The proposal has been accepted and rule 16(3) of the All India Services (death-cum-retirement benefits) Rules of 1958 was amended on 31 January 2012.[33][35][36]

In October 2013, the Supreme Court of India, in the case of TSR Subramanian & Ors vs Union of India & Ors [37] ordered both Government of India and State governments to ensure fixed tenure to civil servants. The court asked senior bureaucrats to write down the oral instructions from politicians so that a record would be kept of all the decisions. This judgement was seen on the similar lines of the Supreme Court's 2006 judgement in Prakash Singh case on police reforms.[38][39] The judgement was welcomed by various bureaucrats and the media who hoped that it will help in giving freedom and independence to the functioning of bureaucracy.[40][41]

{{Quote box
|quote = "Much of the deterioration in the functioning of bureaucracy is due to political interference."
|source = Justice K. S. Radhakrishnan and Justice P. C. Ghose, Supreme Court of India[40]
|width = 20%
}}

In 2016, the Ministry of Finance for the first time, dismissed 72 and prematurely retired another 33 Indian Revenue Service officers for non-performance and on disciplinary grounds.[42][43][44][45][46] In 2016, it was reported that Government of India has decided to empower common man to seek prosecution of corrupt IAS officers.[47] Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (DOPT) has accepted to receive requests from private persons seeking sanction for prosecution in respect of IAS officers without any proper proposal and supporting documents. [47]

Civil Services Day

The Civil Service Day is celebrated on 21 April every year.[48] The purpose for this day is to rededicate and recommit themselves to the cause of the people. It is observed by all Civil Services. This day gives civil servants the opportunity for introspection and thinking about future strategies to deal with the challenges being posed by the changing times.[49]

On this occasion, all officers of Central and State Governments are honoured for excellence in public administration by the Prime Minister of India. The 'Prime Minister Award for Excellence in Public Administration' is presented in three categories. Under this scheme of awards instituted in 2006, all the officers individually or as group or as organisation are eligible.

The award includes a medal, scroll and a cash amount of {{INRConvert|100000}}. In case of a group, the total award money is {{INRConvert|500000}} subject to a maximum of {{INRConvert|100000}} per person. For an organisation the cash amount is limited to {{INRConvert|500000}}.

See also

  • Order of Precedence of India

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://arc.gov.in/viet.ppt |title=The civil service system |author=Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances|date=8 June 2011 |work= |publisher=Government of India |location=New Delhi |accessdate=11 October 2011}}
2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/unpan006306.pdf |title=National Civil Service System in India : A Critical View|author=United Nations Public Administration Network|date= |work= |publisher=Government of India |location= |accessdate=21 July 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://darpg.gov.in/darpgwebsite_cms/Document/file/Civil_Services_Survey_2010.pdf|title=The year 2010 Civil Services Report: A Survey|author=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances|date=8 June 2010 |work= |publisher=Government of India |location=New Delhi |accessdate=10 February 2012}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Government nod to raise new Group-A civil service cadre|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/XO89PxfcsCgWQ31vyFi6cJ/Government-nod-to-raise-new-GroupA-civil-service-cadre.html|accessdate=8 October 2011}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Govt approves formation of Indian Skill Development Service|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/govt-approves-formation-of-indian-skill-development-service/articleshow/49261963.cms|accessdate=8 October 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Cabinet approves enterprise development cadre|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/cabinet-approves-enterprise-development-cadre-116122100489_1.html|accessdate=8 January 2017}}
7. ^{{cite book |url= |title=A Comprehensive History of India, Volume 3 |first=P. N.|last=Chopra |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd|year=2003 |page= |isbn=9788120725065}}
8. ^Meghna Sabharwal and Evan M. Berman. "Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (Public Administration and Public Policy)" (2013), {{ISBN|1439869111}} ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236885762_Public_Administration_in_South_Asia_India_Bangladesh_and_Pakistan Online])
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indiaofficerecordsfamilyhistory/occupations/civilservice/civilservice.html |title=Civil Service |author=|date=8 June 2011 |work= |publisher=The British Library|location= |accessdate=14 August 2015}}
10. ^{{cite book| title =Public Personnel Administration: Theory and Practice||last=Goel |first=S.L. | publisher=Deep and Deep Publications, 2008| isbn = 9788176293952}}
11. ^1 {{cite book| title =Problems and Issues in Administrative Federalism||last=Maheshwari |first=Shriram | publisher=Allied Publishers| isbn = 9788170233428}}
12. ^{{cite web| title = Yet to start work, Natgrid CEO highest paid babu| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Yet-to-start-work-Natgrid-CEO-highest-paid-babu/articleshow/15610191.cms?referral=PM |date=23 August 2012| accessdate = 2014-09-17 | publisher = The Times of India}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1818/18181170.htm|title=A barbed look at babudom: Will the typically British humour of Yes Minister work if transplanted to an Indian setting? Viewers of a Hindi satellite channel have a chance to find out.|date=1–14 September 2001|author=Anand Parthasarathy|publisher=Frontline, India's National Magazine from the publishers of The Hindu|quote=Bureaucracy knows no bounds...}}
14. ^{{cite web | title = PM Modi tightens screws, gives babudom a new rush hour | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-Modi-tightens-screws-gives-babudom-a-new-rush-hour/articleshow/41482792.cms |date=2 September 2014| accessdate = 2014-09-17 | publisher = The Times of India}}
15. ^{{cite web| title = Babu|work=Collins English Dictionary| url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/babudom | accessdate = 2014-09-17 }}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Constitution of India, Article 312|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/647227/}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Official Government website|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/profile.php?id=32}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Consolidated Instructions to the appointment of personal staff to Union Ministers|url=http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02csd/uploading.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|accessdate=26 May 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Why babus want to be private secys to ministers now|url=http://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/why-babus-want-be-private-secys-ministers-now|publisher=GovernanceNow.com|accessdate=16 May 2015}}
20. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.upacademy.org/presentationpdf/-%20Civil_Services_in_Idia_UPAAM.pdf|title=The Role of civil services in India (Standard Note: DOPT/Government of India)|last=Misra|first=P.K.|date=4 August 2010|publisher=Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India|accessdate=2011-08-27}}{{dead link|date=March 2019}}
21. ^http://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/SCHEDULE-1.pdf
22. ^http://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/SCHEDULE-2.pdf" Central Civil Service Group B - Government of India, 20 April 2020.
23. ^{{cite web|title=The Indian Administrative Service Meets Big Data|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/2016/09/01/indian-administrative-service-meets-big-data-pub-64457|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=IAS Reforms: Cleaning Rust From the Frame|url=http://www.carnegieindia.org/2016/09/12/ias-reforms-cleaning-rust-from-frame/j5bl|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|accessdate=15 November 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/453-ias-ips-and-civil-servants-charge-sheeted-in-last-3-yrs/879559/ |title=453 IAS,and other civil servants chargesheeted in last 3 yrs |date=23 November 2011 |work= |publisher=Indian Express |location=New Delhi |accessdate=27 November 2011}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/over-400-central-officers-booked-in-last-3-yrs_743388.html |title=Over 400 central officers booked in last 3 yrs |date=23 November 2011 |work= |publisher=Zee News |location=New Delhi |accessdate=27 November 2011}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Merit-based civil service will boost growth|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meritbased-civil-service-will-boost-growth/article6622555.ece|publisher=The Hindu|accessdate=21 November 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-bureaucrats-rated-worst-in-asia-says-study/1/168470.html |title=Indian bureaucrats worst in Asia, says PERC study|date=12 January 2012 |work= |publisher=India Today |location=New Delhi |accessdate=24 January 2012}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indian-bureaucracy-rated-worst-in-asia/219906-2.html |title=Indian bureaucracy rated worst in Asia|date=11 January 2012 |work= |publisher=CNN-IBN |location=New Delhi |accessdate=11 January 2012}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/218357/indian-bureaucracy-rated-worst-asia.html |title=Indian bureaucracy rates worst in Asia: 2012 |date=11 January 2012 |work= |publisher=Deccan Herald |location=New Delhi |accessdate=11 January 2012}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/government-paper-admits-to-babu-and-politician-nexus/1/184403.html |title=Federal Government paper admits corruption at all levels in civil services|author=Sharma, Aman|date=14 April 2012 |work= |publisher=India Today |location=New Delhi |accessdate=14 April 2012}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=http://darpg.gov.in/darpgwebsite_cms/Document/file/BG_Papers_CSD_2012.pdf |title=Background Paper for 2012 Civil Services Day: Discussions|date=14 April 2012 |work= |publisher=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India) |location=New Delhi |accessdate=14 April 2012}}
33. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/lazy-and-incompetent-babus-to-retire-early/1/162137.html |title=Lazy and incompetent babus of the All India Services to retire early|date=30 November 2011 |work= |publisher=India Today |location=New Delhi |accessdate=9 March 2012}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/graft-taint-may-lead-to-retirement-for-babus/1/179684.html |title=Corruption taint may lead to compulsory retirement for babus|date=21 April 2012 |work= |publisher=India Today |location=New Delhi |accessdate=21 April 2012}}
35. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/proposal-to-retire-incompetent-officers-after-15-year-service/20111130.htm |title=Proposal to retire incompetent officers after 15-year service|date=30 November 2011 |work= |publisher=Rediff News |location=New Delhi |accessdate=3 February 2012}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Govt of India notification for amending Rule 16(3) of the All India Service (DCRB) Rules, 1958|url=http://circulars.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02ser/25013_02_2005-AIS-II-31012012.pdf|publisher=Govt of India|accessdate=26 June 2012}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO(s). 82 OF 2011|url=http://courtnic.nic.in/supremecourt/temp/wc%208211p.txt|accessdate=31 October 2013}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Prakash Singh Case|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1090328/|accessdate=12 April 2013}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=SC asks states to file affidavit on police reforms|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/SC-asks-states-to-file-affidavit-on-police-reforms/Article1-945679.aspx|accessdate=16 October 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=16 October 2012}}
40. ^1 {{cite news|title=Supreme Court favours law to regulate transfer, posting of IAS officers|url=http://www.niticentral.com/2013/10/31/sc-favours-law-to-regulate-transfer-posting-of-ias-officers-152923.html|accessdate=31 October 2013|date=31 October 2013}}
41. ^{{cite news|title=SC to bureaucrats: Don't take oral instructions from netas|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SC-to-bureaucrats-Dont-take-oral-instructions-from-netas/articleshow/24978551.cms|accessdate=31 October 2013|date=31 October 2013|work=The Times Of India}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/for-good-governance-finance-ministry-fires-72-tax-officers-retires-33-more-116050600022_1.html|title=For good governance, Finance Ministry fires 72 tax officers, retires 33 more|accessdate=12 May 2016|publisher=Business Standard}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=144910|title=Government takes strict action against defaulting/non performing tax officials/officers|accessdate=12 May 2016|publisher=Press Information Bureau}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/absent-for-years-government-sacks-11-irs-officers/|title=Absent for years, government sacks 11 IRS officers|accessdate=21 December 2016|publisher=The Indian Express}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/108-irs-officers-under-cbi-probe-for-alleged-corruption-government/articleshow/48375107.cms|title=108 IRS officers under CBI probe for alleged corruption: Government|accessdate=21 December 2016|publisher=The Economic Times}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/CBI-seizes-2-crore-in-old-currency-from-city-residence-of-IRS-officer/articleshow/55716239.cms|title=CBI seizes 2 crore in old currency from city residence of IRS officer|accessdate=21 December 2016|publisher=The Times of India}}
47. ^1 {{cite web|title=Centre to empower common man to punish corrupt babus|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-to-empower-common-man-to-punish-corrupt-babus/articleshow/53322026.cms|publisher=The Economic Times|accessdate=21 December 2016}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://darpg.gov.in/ArticleContent.aspx?category=116 |title=Civil Services Day|date=8 June 2011 |work= |publisher=Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|location=New Delhi |accessdate=14 February 2012}}
49. ^{{cite web |url=http://darpg.gov.in/darpgwebsite_cms/Document/file/pmaward_scheme_eng.pdf |title=The Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration Award Scheme|date=8 June 2011 |work= |publisher=Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|location=New Delhi |accessdate=14 February 2012}}

50.[https://www.freejobs-alert.com/upsc-recruitment/ UPSC EXam 2018] freejobs-alert.com

{{notelist}}

External links

Official

  • UPSC Union Public Service Commission, India
  • 7th Pay Commission chief recommends 'One Rank, One Pension' for Govt employees by The Indian Express
  • Prime Minister instructs DoPT for speedy empanelment of officers from all central services by The Times of India
  • {{cite web

|url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/not-only-ias-mha-opens-doors-for-all-services.html
|title=Not only IAS, MHA opens doors for all services
|publisher=The Week
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108165643/http://www.theweek.in/news/india/not-only-ias-mha-opens-doors-for-all-services.html
|archivedate=8 January 2017
|deadurl=yes
|df=
}}

All India Civil Services

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110701121438/http://persmin.gov.in/DOPT/Acts_Rules/AIS_Rules/Revised_AIS_Rules_Vol_I_Updated_Upto_31Oct2010/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_I_Rule_10.pdf The All India Services Conduct Rules of 1968]

Central Civil Services

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20111010202110/http://persmin.gov.in/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/CCSRules_1964/ccs_conduct_rules_1964_details.htm The Central Civil Services Conduct Rules of 1964]
  • Central Secretariat Manual of Office Procedure 14th Edition by Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions

Others

[https://www.civilserviceindia.com/ About the Civil Service Exam conducted by UPSC]

  • Governance in India
  • Civil Service Reform in India - Problems and Reforms
{{Public Services of India}}{{Civil service}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Civil Services Of India}}

2 : Civil Services of India|Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)
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