| 词条 | HMS Zulu (1909) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The first HMS Zulu was a Tribal (or F-) class destroyer launched 16 September 1909 at Hawthorn Leslie Shipyard and commissioned in March 1910. She was mined during the First World War, on 27 October 1916 off Dover in a minefield lain by the Imperial German submarine UC-1. Her stern was blown off and sank, but the forward section remained afloat. It was towed into port and attached to the stern of {{HMS|Nubian|1909|2}}, which had been torpedoed, to form a new destroyer named {{HMS|Zubian}}. Construction and designZulu was one of five Tribal-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in January 1908 under the 1907–1908 shipbuilding programme for the Royal Navy.[2][3] The Tribal-class destroyers were to be powered by steam turbines and use oil-fuel rather than coal, and be capable of {{convert|33|kn|lk=in}}, but detailed design was left to the builders, which meant that individual ships of the class differed greatly.[4][5]Zulu was {{convert|285|ft|0|in|m}} long overall and {{convert|280|ft|1+1/4|in|m|2}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|27|ft|0|in}} and a draught of {{convert|9|ft|4+1/2|in|m|2}}. Normal displacement was {{convert|1017|LT|t|lk=on}}, with deep load displacement {{convert|1136|LT|t}}.[6] Six Yarrow boilers fed steam to Parsons steam turbines, giving {{convert|15500|shp}} and driving three propeller shafts. The main high-pressure turbine drove the centre shaft, with the outer shafts being fitted with low-pressure turbines, together with cruise and astern turbines. The outtakes from the boilers were fed to four funnels. Range was {{convert|1630|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}.[3][6][7][8]Gun armament consisted of two {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0}} guns,{{#tag:ref|Gardiner and Gray state that the guns were BL Mk IV,[8] while Friedman claims that they were BL Mk VIII guns.[9]|group=lower-alpha}} with two {{convert|18|in|mm|adj=on}} torpedo tubes comprising the ship's torpedo armament.[8] The ship had a complement of 71.[6] Zulu was laid down at Hawthorn Leslie's Hebburn, Tyneside shipyard on 18 August 1908. Construction was slowed by industrial action, and the ship was not launched until 16 September 1909. After successful sea trials in December 1909, Zulu was commissioned on 19 March 1910.[3]ServiceOn commissioning, Zulu joined the 1st Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet. She remained part of the 1st Flotilla until 1913, when she transferred to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla,[3][10] based at Portsmouth.[11] In October that year, the Tribals were officially designated the F class, and as such the letter "F" was painted on the bows of the class.[4][12] In February 1914, the Tribals (including Mohawk), whose range was too short for effective open sea operations, were sent to Dover, forming the 6th Destroyer Flotilla.[4][10] On the outbreak of the First World War the 6th Flotilla formed the basis of the Dover Patrol.[13] Zulu captured the German sailing ship Perhns on 5 August 1914, and collided with sister ship {{HMS|Crusader|1909|2}} in both August and September that year.[24] On 24 April 1916, Zulu took place in a large scale operation off the Belgian coast to lay mines and nets, in an attempt to limit use of the ports of Ostend and Zeebrugge to German U-boats. Zulu and {{HMS|Nubian|1909|2}} laid lines of dan-buoys to mark to positions for the minefields and nets to be laid.[14] In total, 1,565 mines were laid by the minelayers Princess Margaret, Orvietto, Paris and Biarritz. The minefield probably caused the loss of one U-Boat, {{SMU|UB-13||2}},[15] although at the time it was thought that four or five German submarines had been sunk. The destroyer {{HMS|Melpomene|1915|2}} was badly damaged by shellfire from German coast-defence batteries, while one drifter, Clover Bank, was sunk by a mine.[16] On 8 November 1916, Zulu was sailing from Dover to Dunkirk when she struck a mine, laid by {{SMU|UC-1||2}}, that exploded under the ship's engine-room. Three men were killed, and the ship{{'}}s stern broke off and sunk. Zulu was towed to safety in Calais by the French destroyer {{ship|French destroyer|Capitaine Mehl||2}}.[17][18][19] It was decided to join the front end of Zulu with the stern of Nubian, another Tribal-class destroyer that had had her bows blown off by a torpedo during the Battle of Dover Strait on the night of 26/27 October 1916. Although these ships were not of identical design, the two sections were joined at Chatham Dockyard to produce a new destroyer {{HMS|Zubian||2}} that commissioned on 7 June 1917.[4] Pennant numbers
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web|title=Ships of the Royal Navy- Location/Action Data, 1914-1918|publisher=Naval-History.net|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishShips-Locations3BH.htm|accessdate=31 August 2015}} 2. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=109}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|The Engineer|25 March 1910|p=310}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=72}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=106–109}} 6. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=294}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=108–109}} 8. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=71}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=105}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.rmg.co.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_iv.pdf|title=NMM, vessel ID 379159|work=Warship Histories, vol iv|publisher=National Maritime Museum|accessdate=29 August 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014122904/http://www.rmg.co.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_iv.pdf|archivedate=14 October 2013|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^{{Harvnb|Manning|1961|p=25}} 12. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=100}} 13. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=139}} 14. ^{{Harvnb|Bacon Vol. I|1919|pp=152–155}} 15. ^{{Harvnb|Grant|1964|p=33}} 16. ^{{Harvnb|Bacon Vol. I|1919|pp=158–160}} 17. ^1 {{cite Uboat.net|id=6636|name=HMS Zulu|type=1ship|accessdate=31 August 2015}} 18. ^{{Harvnb|Bacon Vol. II|1919|p=361}} 19. ^{{cite web|last=Kindell |first=Don |title=1st - 30th November 1916 in date, ship/unit & name order|work=World War 1 - Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies|publisher=Naval-History.net|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1916-11Nov.htm|accessdate=31 August 2015}} 20. ^{{Harvnb|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=70}} Citations{{reflist|30em}}Sources{{refbegin}}
5 : Tribal-class destroyers (1905)|Ships built on the River Tyne|1909 ships|World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom|Maritime incidents in 1916 |
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