| 词条 | Clackline, Western Australia |
| 释义 |
| name = Clackline | state = wa | image = Clackline Brook Bridge from west.JPG | caption = Clackline Brook Bridge from the west. | lga = Shire of Northam | coordinates = {{coord|31.718|S|116.521|E|display=inline,title}} | postcode = 6564 | est = 1896 | pop = 331| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | elevation= 257 | maxtemp = | mintemp = | rainfall = | stategov = Central Wheatbelt | fedgov = Pearce | dist1 = 80 | dir1 = ENE | location1= Perth | dist2 = 17 | dir2 = SW | location2= Northam | dist3 = 20 | dir3 = S | location3= Toodyay }} Clackline is a locality in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, about {{convert|80|km}} east-north-east of Perth. HistoryJohn Forrest, later Premier of Western Australia, recorded the name Clackline in 1879 but the origin of the word is unknown. A settlement was established in the 1880s, being at the junction of the Perth-Newcastle Road and the township was gazetted in 1896.[2]It has also been known as Clackline Junction for the road and the rail junction.[3][4] It was an important junction for the Eastern Railway lines to Northam, and Toodyay on the Miling Clackline - Miling railway branch. The railway service through Clackline was closed in 1966 at the time the Avon Valley route of the Eastern Railway was opened.[5] GeographyClackline is in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, about {{convert|80|km}} east-north-east of Perth, and {{convert|17|km}} south-west of Northam. Clackline Brook is an {{convert|11.6|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} waterway, which runs from near Clackline towards Mokine, before turning north and ending near Mokine Hill.[6]Clackline Nature Reserve is on Refractory Road. DemographicsIn the {{CensusAU|2011}}, Clackline had an estimated population of 331 people.[1] EconomyThe Clackline area produces some of the highest grade export hay (oaten) in Australia,{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} and is home to wine growing ventures[7][8] and an olive grove producing extra virgin olive oils.[9] AttractionsThere are several historic sites, including heritage listed sites, located in and around the Clackline townsite. Avro Anson Memorial{{main article|Avro Anson Memorial}}The Avro Anson Memorial commemorates four Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) airmen killed when their Avro Anson aircraft crashed near Clackline on 9 October 1942. The memorial site is located on the low side of Avro Anson Road, in a small park[11] approximately {{convert|5|km|spell=in}} south-east of Clackline.[12] The memorial, assembled by members of the local community in the months following the crash, features a cairn of granite and boulders supporting a jarrah cross. The names and details of the deceased airmen − Flying Officer Lynton Birt, Sergeant Geoffrey Debenham, Sergeant Noel Nixon, and Sergeant Kenneth Hugo[10] − are carved into the cross.[11] Over the years, the memorial was forgotten and lost, overgrown by shrubs and trees. Upon its discovery in the early 1980s, the memorial's history and significance were researched, and it was restored in 1984 by volunteers from the Perth branch of the Royal Australian Air Force Association. Since then, the association has held annual memorial services at the site.[12] Clackline Bridge{{main article|Clackline Bridge}}Clackline Bridge is a historic road bridge in Clackline that carried the Great Eastern Highway until 2008. It is the only bridge in Western Australia to have spanned both a waterway and railway, the Clackline Brook and the former Eastern Railway alignment. The mainly timber bridge has a unique curved and sloped design, due to the difficult topography and the route of the former railway. The bridge was designed in 1934 to replace two dangerous rail crossings and a rudimentary water crossing. Construction began in January 1935, and was completed relatively quickly, with the opening ceremony held in August 1935. The bridge has undergone various improvement and maintenance works since then, including widening by {{convert|3|m|0|spell=in}} in 1959–60, but remained a safety hazard, with increasing severity and numbers of accidents through the 1970s and 1980s.[13] Planning for a highway bypass of Clackline and the Clackline Bridge began in the 1990s,[13] and it was constructed between January 2007 and February 2008.[18] The local community had been concerned that the historic bridge would be lost,[14] but it remains in use as part of the local road network,[15] and has been listed on both the Northam Municipal Heritage Inventory and the Heritage Council of Western Australia's Register of Heritage Places.[13][16] Clackline Refractory{{main article|Clackline Refractory}}The Clackline Refractory is a heritage listed brickworks site in Clackline, located on Refractory Road in a valley near Great Eastern Highway.[23][17] An abundant supply of fine quality clay was discovered in Clackline in 1898, which led to the establishment of a quarry and refractory.[18] By 1901, the industry was important to Western Australia, with the brick products from Clackline used by multiple government departments, the Fremantle Gas Company, and many goldmines.[19] Other users of the bricks included the Railway Department, the Perth Gas Company, the Fremantle smelter, and the Great Boulder Perseverance Company.[18] The Clackline Refractory also supplied bricks for the nearby pumping stations for the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} {{As of|2012}}, the site is in poor condition and mostly deserted, apart from stacks of various ceramic products. As well as kilns suitable for modern day production, the site has older kilns constructed from bricks, with corrugated iron roofs supported by metal poles. Alongside these structures is a large brick chimney.[20]Lion monumentIn 1929, Clackline School's students and headteacher, E.W.Membery commemorated the 100th anniversary of British colonisation by building a monument. The monument features a sculpture of a lion, with a plaque reading:[21] {{quote|to COMMEMORATE the CENTENARY of the BRITISH COLONISATION OF WEST AUSTRALIA MDCCCXXIX MDCCCCXXIX A D. E.W.MEMBERY. H.T. The sculptor of the lion was Archie H Paton, who has since been recognised with a nearby plaque.[21] It is a stopping point on the Kep Track, adjacent to a picnic area and toilets.[22] Rail heritage sitesA restored rail carriage, serving as a museum, was installed by the now-defunct Clackline Railway Committee. The railway carriage has been used as a venue for community events, such as farmers markets and weddings.[23] It is located south of Great Eastern Highway, opposite the general store, but a walking trail passing under the highway connects to the remains of the Clackline railway station. GovernmentClackline is located within the Shire of Northam.[24] It is within the state electorate of Central Wheatbelt, and federal Division of Pearce. InfrastructureClackline is reliant on the road network as the only available means of transportation. It is situated alongside Great Eastern Highway, which has bypassed the townsite since February 2008.[25] The highway connects traffic south-west to Perth, and north-east to Northam and beyond. Other important roads in the area are Clackline–Toodyay Road, leading north to Toodyay, and Spencers Brook Road, heading south-east to Spencers Brook and then on to York.[15] Education{{further information|Clackline School}}Clackline historically had its own primary school, until the late 1970s. Clackline School, later known as Clackline Primary School, opened in 1896, and was extended and renovated several times before relocating in 1954 to a new site on the same road.[26] The school was closed down in 1976,[26] but in 1980 became the temporary location of the Avon Valley Church's school.[27] Since then, the closest primary schools to Clackline are in Northam, Bakers Hill and Wundowie.[24] The nearest high schools as well as further education campuses are located in Northam: Northam Senior High School, St Joseph's High School, C. Y. O'Connor College of TAFE, and the Muresk Institute.[24] MediaIn addition to the statewide newspapers The West Australian and Sunday Times, Clackline is served by the Northam-based Avon Valley Advocate. See also{{portal|Western Australia}}
References1. ^1 {{Census 2011 AUS|id=SSC50157|name=Clackline (State Suburb)|quick=on|accessdate=2012-10-30}} {{Towns Wheatbelt South WA}}2. ^{{LandInfo WA|c|C|2008-09-20}} 3. ^Clackline Junction Notes.(Correspondent calls for the establishment of a post office - publican Mr. McIver can no longer cope with the area's postal needs).The West Australian, 29 May 1896, p.3 4. ^Carter, D. F. (1999) Clackline Junction reflections : history, myth and true stories of old times to read and enjoy Subiaco published by the author 5. ^Clackline - Toodyay, opened 1 January 1888 - closed 13 February 1966 - page 67 -{{Citation | author1=Quinlan, Howard | author2=Newland, John R | author3=Australian Railway Historical Society. New South Wales Division | title=Australian railway routes 1854 to 2000 | publication-date=2000 | publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society - New South Wales Division | isbn=978-0-909650-49-0 }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Map of Clackline Brook, WA|url=http://bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=198952&cmd=sp&wnb=19926261&c=1&x=116.52479&y=-31.71889&w=10000&mpsec=0|publisher=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia|accessdate=19 January 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.avonbrookwines.com.au/home/about-us/|publisher=Avonbrook Wines|accessdate=26 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226183418/http://www.avonbrookwines.com.au/home/about-us/|archivedate=26 February 2014|deadurl=no|date=2008}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=The Promotional Wine Co: Business listing|url=http://www.whereis.com/wa/clackline/245-benrua-rd/yellowId-11952807|work=Whereis.com.au|publisher=Telstra|accessdate=26 May 2014|author=Yellow Pages}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Clackline Valley Olives products|url=http://www.clacklinevalleyolives.com.au/Products.html|publisher=Clackline Valley Olives|accessdate=26 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125023445/http://clacklinevalleyolives.com.au/Products.html|archivedate=25 January 2014|deadurl=no}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Commemorative Service at Mokine |url=http://www.rslwahq.org.au/Assets/files/listening-post/2013/Vol36-No6-Dec-2013-compressed.pdf |journal=The Listening Post |date=December 2013 |volume=36 |issue=6 |page=25 |accessdate=22 May 2014 |editor1-first=Denis |editor1-last=Connelly |publisher=The Returned & Services League of Australia WA Branch Incorporated |location=Perth, WA |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309185020/http://www.rslwahq.org.au/Assets/files/listening-post/2013/Vol36-No6-Dec-2013-compressed.pdf |archivedate=9 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^1 {{cite web|title=Air Disaster Memorial, Avro Anson Rd, Clackline, WA, Australia|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=town%3DClackline%3Bstate%3DWA%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=103634|work=Australian Heritage Database|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|accessdate=20 May 2014|author=Department of the Environment|authorlink=Department of the Environment (Australia)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520145239/http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail%3Bsearch%3Dtown%3DClackline%3Bstate%3DWA%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart%3Bplace_id%3D103634|archivedate=20 May 2014|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last=Mounsey|first=Colin|title=25th Anniversary of the Mokine Memorial Service|journal=Air Mail|date=December 2010 – January 2011|page=3|url=http://www.raafawa.org.au/corporate/air-mail?download=13:13-air-mail-11-dec-jan&start=10|accessdate=20 May 2014|editor1-first=Colin|editor1-last=Mounsey|publisher=Royal Australian Air Force Association (WA Division)|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125162813/http://raafawa.org.au/corporate/air-mail?download=13%3A13-air-mail-11-dec-jan&start=10|archivedate=25 January 2014|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Register of Heritage Places – assessment documentation: Clackline Bridge|url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Content/PdfLoader.aspx?id=4ca13cce-4d01-4a71-b0c3-2e1d995ea72e&type=assessment|publisher=Government of Western Australia|accessdate=27 November 2013|author=Heritage Council of Western Australia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127120756/http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Content/PdfLoader.aspx?id=4ca13cce-4d01-4a71-b0c3-2e1d995ea72e&type=assessment|archivedate=27 November 2013|format=PDF|date=18 November 2008|deadurl = no}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Budget highway bypass for Clackline|url=http://www.avonadvocate.com.au/news/local/news/general/budget-highway-bypass-for-clackline/494707.aspx|accessdate=28 November 2013|newspaper=Avon Valley Advocate|date=18 May 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027082840/http://www.avonadvocate.com.au/news/local/news/general/budget-highway-bypass-for-clackline/494707.aspx|archivedate=27 October 2009|location=Northam, WA}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|title=Road Information Mapping System|url=http://gis.mainroads.wa.gov.au/roadinformationmap/|publisher=Main Roads Western Australia|accessdate=22 February 2014}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Register of Heritage Places – permanent entry: Clackline Bridge|url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Content/PdfLoader.aspx?id=4ca13cce-4d01-4a71-b0c3-2e1d995ea72e|publisher=Government of Western Australia|accessdate=28 November 2013|author=Heritage Council of Western Australia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128051635/http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Content/PdfLoader.aspx?id=4ca13cce-4d01-4a71-b0c3-2e1d995ea72e|archivedate=28 November 2013|deadurl=yes|format=PDF|date=18 November 2008|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Clackline Refractory|url=http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/320bc00c-827a-487d-92f7-3379e00c04eb|publisher=State Heritage Office, Government of Western Australia|accessdate=23 May 2014|author=Heritage Council|authorlink=Heritage Council of Western Australia|date=14 November 2013}} 18. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57584029 |title=A promising industry |newspaper=Sunday Times |location=Perth, WA |date=2 August 1908 |accessdate=22 May 2014 |page=7 Section: First section |via=Trove (National Library of Australia)}} 19. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article33214861 |title=The Clackline Fire Brick Company's works |newspaper=Western Mail |location=Perth, WA |date=16 November 1901 |accessdate=22 May 2014 |page=46 |via=Trove (National Library of Australia)}} 20. ^1 {{cite web|title=Northam Municipal Heritage Inventory|url=http://www.northam.wa.gov.au/Assets/Documents/Content/planning/MUNICIPAL-HERITAGE-INVENTORY-21092012.pdf|publisher=Shire of Northam|accessdate=23 May 2014|page=167|format=PDF|date=September 2012}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|title=Clackline Lion|url=http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/landscape/settlement/display/60267-clackline-lion|publisher=Monument Australia|accessdate=23 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323020603/http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/landscape/settlement/display/60267-clackline-lion|archivedate=23 March 2014|deadurl=no}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Bakers Hill to Clackline|url=http://www.keptrack.com.au/Bakers_Hill_to_Clackline.html|publisher=National Trust of Western Australia|accessdate=23 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125114507/http://keptrack.com.au/Bakers_Hill_to_Clackline.html|archivedate=25 January 2014|deadurl=no}} 23. ^{{cite news|title=Clackline museum takes shape|url=http://www.avonadvocate.com.au/story/1946219/clackline-museum-takes-shape/|accessdate=25 May 2014|newspaper=Avon Valley Advocate|date=3 December 2013|author=Clackline Progress Association|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525082614/http://www.avonadvocate.com.au/story/1946219/clackline-museum-takes-shape/|archivedate=25 May 2014|deadurl=no}} 24. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Shire Information|url=http://www.northam.wa.gov.au/shire-information.aspx|publisher=Shire of Northam|accessdate=25 May 2014}} 25. ^1 {{cite web|title=Great Eastern Highway (Clackline)|url=http://www.highwayconstruction.com.au/Projects/PastProjects/GreatEasternHwy/tabid/74/Default.aspx|publisher=Highway Construction|accessdate=28 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813090948/http://highwayconstruction.com.au/Projects/PastProjects/GreatEasternHwy/tabid/74/Default.aspx|archivedate=13 August 2013|deadurl=no}} 26. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.geoproject.com.au/News/Schools_gazetteer_09May2013.pdf|title=WA Schools Gazetteer|last=Higham|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Geoproject Solutions Pty Ltd|date=9 May 2013|page=31|format=PDF|accessdate=2 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202061513/http://www.geoproject.com.au/News/Schools_gazetteer_09May2013.pdf|archivedate=2 February 2014|deadurl=no}} 27. ^{{cite journal|last=Henderson|first=Joyce R.|title=A NEW SCHOOL IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA|journal=Australasian Record and Advent World Survey|date=12 May 1980|volume=85|issue=19|page=5|url=http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/AAR/AAR19800512-V85-19__C.pdf|accessdate=23 March 2014}} 3 : Clackline, Western Australia|Rail junctions in Western Australia|Railway stations in Western Australia |
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