| 释义 |
- Taxonomy
- Description Similar species
- Habitat and distribution
- References
- External links
{{Taxobox
| image = Clavariadelphus ligula 060922b.jpg
| image_caption =
| image_width = 200px
| regnum = Fungi
| divisio = Basidiomycota
| classis = Agaricomycetes
| ordo = Phallales
| familia = Gomphaceae
| genus = Clavariadelphus
| species = C. ligula
| binomial = Clavariadelphus ligula
| binomial_authority = (Schaeff.) Donk (1933)
| synonyms_ref = [1]
| synonyms = *Clavaria ligula Schaeff. (1774)- Clavaria ophioglossoides Batsch (1783)
}}Clavariadelphus ligula, commonly known as the strap coral, is an edible species of fungi in the Gomphaceae family. It produces club-shaped fruit bodies with spongy flesh that grow in groups on the forest floor. It is found in Asia, Europe, and North America. TaxonomyThe species was first described by the German naturalist Jacob Christian Schaeffer in 1774 as Clavaria ligula.[2] It was first placed in Clavariadelphus by Marinus Anton Donk in 1933.[3] Clavaria ophioglossoides, described by August Batsch in 1783,[4] is considered a synonym.[5] The fungus is commonly known as the "strap coral".[6] The specific epithet ligula is derived from the Latin word for "shoestring".[7] DescriptionThe club portion of the fruit body is pale yellow, whitish sharp, straight, and stiff hairs at its base. The surface is dull, and does not have hairs. It is smooth at first then later becomes somewhat wrinkled. It is club-shaped to spoon-shaped, and up to {{convert|12|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall by {{convert|2|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide at the thickest part. The stipe is not distinct except for the hairs at the base. The flesh is whitish, and does not change color with bruising. It is somewhat spongy in the upper part, but firm below. The flesh has no odor, and its taste is slightly bitter. The surface tissue turns green upon the application of a solution of ferric sulphate, and yellow with a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide.[8] The spores are pale yellowish orange ("light buff") in print. Additional features may be discerned using light microscopy: they are smooth, narrowly ellipsoid, and measure 8–15 by 3–6 μm. The hyphae are monomitic, and clamp connections are present. Cystidia are absent.[8] Similar speciesClavariadelphus sachalinensis is macroscopically identical from C. ligula, and can be distinguished only by its larger spores, measuring 16–24 by 4–6 μm, and longer basidia.[8] However, intermediate forms are often found, and they may represent the same species.[ Clavaria flavipes is another similar species, but in addition to being smaller and more pale yellow than Clavariadelphus ligula, it also has broader spores.[12]]Habitat and distributionThe fruit bodies of Clavariadelphus ligula grow gregariously (closely scattered over small areas) on the ground, in forest duff. They are widespread and common in coniferous forests, fruiting in the summer and fall.[8] The species has been collected in the Czech Republic,[14] in the Magadan region of the Russian Far East[15] as well as the arctic zone of the Urals.[16] It has also been collected in the conifer-dominated forests in Kashmir Valley in India.[17] In North America, the distribution extends north to Canada. References1. ^1 {{cite book |author=Arora D. |title=Mushrooms Demystified: a Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi |publisher=Ten Speed Press |location=Berkeley, CA |year=1986 |page=633 |isbn=0-89815-169-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-4ajFDPlxgC&lpg=PA633&dq=Clavariadelphus%20ligula&pg=PA633#v=onepage&q=Clavariadelphus%20ligula&f=false |accessdate=2010-09-03}}
2. ^1 {{cite book |title=Elenchus fungorum |trans-title=Discussion of Fungi |author=Batsch AJGK |year=1783 |publisher= |page=135 |language=Latin}}
3. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Beig MA, Dar GH, Ganai NA, Khan NA |year=2008 |title=Mycorrhizal biodiversity in Kashmir forests and some new records of macrofungi from J&K state |journal=Applied Biological Research |volume=10 |issue=1/2 |pages=26–30}}
4. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Donk MA |year=1933 |title=Revisie van de Nederlandse Heterobasidiomyceteae (uitgez. Uredinales en Ustilaginales) en Homobasidiomyceteae-Aphyllophraceae: II |journal=Mededelingen van het botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht |volume=9 |pages=1–278 |language=Dutch}}
5. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Govorova OK, Sazanova NA |year=2000 |title=Clavarioid fungi of Magadan region |journal=Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=8–10 |language=Russian |issn=0026-3648}}
6. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Petersen RH, Olexia PD |year=1967 |title=Type studies in the clavarioid fungi. I. The taxa described by Charles Horton Peck |journal=Mycologia |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages= 767–802 |jstor=3757192 |doi=10.2307/3757192}}
7. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Pilat A. |year=1959 |title=Rare species of Clavariaceae collected in Bohemia in 1958 |journal=CESKA MYKOL |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=73–85 |language=Czech}}
8. ^1 {{cite book |title=Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu Nascuntur Icones |volume=4 |author=Schaeffer JC |year=1774 |publisher= |page=116 |url= |accessdate= |language=Latin}}
9. ^1 {{cite book |author=Schalkwijk-Barendsen HME. |title=Mushrooms of Western Canada |publisher=Lone Pine Publishing |location=Edmonton |year=1991 |page=361 |isbn=0-919433-47-2}}
10. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Shiryaev AG |year=2006 |title=Clavarioid fungi of urals. III. Arctic zone |journal=Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=294–306 |language=Russian}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title=Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest Vol. 2 Non-gilled hymenomycetes|author=Tylukti EE |year=1987 |publisher=The University of Idaho Press |location=Moscow, Idaho |isbn= 0-89301-097-9|pages=83–84}}
12. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=451037 |title=Clavariadelphus ligula (Schaeff.) Donk |publisher=CAB International |work=Species Fungorum |accessdate=2010-08-23}}
13. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=491172 |title=Clavaria ophioglossoides Batsch 1783 |publisher=International Mycological Association |work=MycoBank |accessdate=2010-08-23}}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
}}External links{{Commons category|Clavariadelphus ligula}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2978650}} 5 : Phallales|Fungi described in 1774|Fungi of Asia|Fungi of North America|Inedible fungi |