词条 | Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions |
释义 |
The Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata conventions are conventions for the description of Earth sciences data, intended to promote the processing and sharing of data files. The metadata defined by the CF conventions are generally included in the same file as the data, thus making the file "self-describing". The conventions provide a definitive description of what the data values found in each netCDF variable represent, and of the spatial and temporal properties of the data, including information about grids, such as grid cell bounds and cell averaging methods. This enables users of files from different sources to decide which variables are comparable, and is a basis for building software applications with powerful data extraction, grid remapping, data analysis, and data visualization capabilities. History and EvolutionThe CF conventions were introduced in 2003, after several years of development by a collaboration that included staff from U.S. and European climate and weather laboratories.[1] The conventions contained generalizations and extensions to the earlier Cooperative Ocean/Atmosphere Research Data Service (COARDS) conventions [2] and the Gregory/Drach/Tett (GDT) conventions.[3] As the scope of the CF conventions grew along with its user base, the CF community adopted an open governance model.[4] In December 2008 the trio of standards, netCDF+CF+OPeNDAP, was adopted by IOOS as a recommended standard (number 08-012) for the representation and transport of gridded data. The CF conventions are being considered by the NASA Standards Process Group (SPG) and others as more broadly applicable standards.[5] [6]Applications and User BaseThe CF conventions have been adopted by a wide variety of national and international programs and activities in the Earth sciences.[7] For example, they were required for the climate model output data collected for Coupled model intercomparison projects, which are the basis of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports.[8] They are promoted as an important element of scientific community coordination by the World Climate Research Programme.[9][10] They are also used as a technical foundation for a number of software packages and data systems, including the Climate Model Output Rewriter (CMOR), which is post processing software for climate model data, and the Earth System Grid, which distributes climate and other data.[11][12][13] The CF conventions have also been used to describe the physical fields transferred between individual Earth system model software components, such as atmosphere and ocean components, as the model runs .[14] Supported Data TypesCF is intended for use with state estimation and forecasting data, in the atmosphere, ocean, and other physical domains. It was designed primarily to address gridded data types such as numerical weather prediction model outputs and climatology data in which data binning is used to impose a regular structure.[13][15] However, the CF conventions are also applicable to many classes of observational data and have been adopted by a number of groups for such applications. Supported Data FormatsCF originated as a standard for data written in netCDF, but its structure is general and it has been adapted for use with other data formats. For example, using the CF conventions with Hierarchical Data Format data has been explored.[16] Design PrinciplesSeveral principles guide the development of CF conventions:
Specific CF metadata descriptors use values of attributes to represent
A central element of the CF Conventions is the CF Standard Name Table. The CF Standard Name Table uniquely associates a standard name with each geophysical parameter in a data set, where each name provides a precise description of physical quantities being represented. Note that this is the string value of the As an example of the information provided by CF standard names, the entry for sea-level atmospheric pressure includes:
Software
References1. ^{{cite news| author = Gregory, Jonathan| year = 2003| title = The CF metadata standard| url = http://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-documents/overview/article.pdf}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://ferret.wrc.noaa.gov/noaa_coop/coop_cdf_profile.html|title=Conventions for the Standardization of NetCDF files|date=May 1995}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/drach/GDT_convention.html|title=GDT netCDF conventions for climate data, version 1.3|date=March 14, 1999}} 4. ^{{cite news| author = Lawrence, B.N.| year = 2003| title = Maintaining and Advancing the CF Standard for Earth System Science Community Data| url = http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/documents/white-papers/cf2_whitepaper_final.html| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100527133114/http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/documents/white-papers/cf2_whitepaper_final.html/| archivedate = 2010-05-27| df = }} 5. ^{{cite news| author = Rew, Russ| year = 2010| title = CF Metadata Conventions| url = http://earthdata.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/esdswg/spg/rfc/esds-rfc-021/ESDS-RFC-021-v0.01.pdf| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140404101632/https://earthdata.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/esdswg/spg/rfc/esds-rfc-021/ESDS-RFC-021-v0.01.pdf| archivedate = 2014-04-04| df = }} 6. ^{{cite news| author = Domenico, Ben| year = 2009| title = Web Coverage Service (WCS) 1.1 extension for CF-netCDF 3.0 encoding| url = http://xml.coverpages.org/OGC-09-018-WCS11-ExtensionCF-netCDF.pdf}} 7. ^Projects and Groups Adopting or Encouraging the CF-Conventions as a Standard {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823061034/http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects-and-groups-adopting-the-cf-conventions-as-their-standard |date=August 23, 2010 }} 8. ^{{cite news| year = 2009| title = Report of the 12th Session of the JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM)| url = http://wcrp.ipsl.jussieu.fr/Documents/WMP/136_WGCM12.pdf}} 9. ^{{cite news| author = Kinter, James L. III| year = 2005| title = Data Issues for WCRP Weather and Climate Modeling| url = http://wcrp.ipsl.jussieu.fr/Documents/WMP/WMP1_KinterTaylor.pdf}} 10. ^{{cite news| author = Taylor, Karl| year = 2005| title = Issues Related to the Dissemination of Climate Model Output| url = http://wcrp.ipsl.jussieu.fr/Documents/WMP/Presentations/WMP1_2-7Taylor.pdf}} 11. ^{{cite news| author = Doutriaux, Charles| year = 2010| title = Climate Model Output Rewriter| url = http://esg-repo.llnl.gov/gitweb/?p=cmor.git;a=blob;f=Doc/cmor_users_guide.pdf}}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 12. ^{{cite news| author = Drach, Bob| year = 2002| title = Metadata Standards for Gridded Climate Data in the Earth System Grid| url = http://archive.niees.ac.uk/talks/metadata/Bob_Drach_talk.ppt| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040912230406/http://archive.niees.ac.uk/talks/metadata/Bob_Drach_talk.ppt| dead-url = yes| archive-date = 2004-09-12}} 13. ^1 {{cite news| year = 2006| title = NetCDF in ArcGIS 9.2| url = http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/gis/gishydro06/Introduction/Presentations/netCDF.ppt}} 14. ^{{cite journal| doi = 10.1007/s12145-008-0016-1| author = Dunlap, R. L. Mark, S. Rugaber, V. Balaji, J. Chastang, L. Cinquini, C. DeLuca, D. Middleton, and S. Murphy| year = 2008| title = Earth system curator: metadata infrastructure for climate modeling| url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/t781174802510364/fulltext.pdf| journal = Earth Science Informatics| volume = 1| pages = 131–149| issue = 3–4}} 15. ^{{cite news| author = V. Balaji| year = 2008| title = Metadata Standards for Gridded Climate Data in the Earth System Grid| url = http://esdswg.eosdis.nasa.gov/WG/SPG/pdf/esdswg-cf-balaji.pdf| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528100546/http://esdswg.eosdis.nasa.gov/WG/SPG/pdf/esdswg-cf-balaji.pdf| archivedate = 2010-05-28| df = }} 16. ^{{cite news|author1=Yang, M. |author2=R. Duerr |author3=C. Lee | year = 2009| title = Investigation of using HDF5 archival information packages (AIP) to store NASA ECS data| url = http://ams.confex.com/ams/89annual/techprogram/paper_148062.htm| publisher = 25th Conference on International Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, 89th American Meteorological Society Meeting}} External links
4 : Metadata|Earth sciences metadata conventions|Meteorological data and networks|Science software |
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