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词条 Climate of Mecca
释义

  1. Factors

  2. Extreme weather events

  3. References

{{Coord|21|25|0|N|39|49|0|E|display=title}}

Mecca features a hot desert climate. Mecca retains its hot temperature in winter, which can range from {{convert|18|C|F}} at night to {{convert|30|C|F}} in the day. Summer temperatures are extremely hot, often being over {{convert|40|C|F}} during the day, dropping to {{convert|30|C|F}} at night.[1] Rain usually falls in Mecca in small amounts between November and January. The rainfall, as scant as it is, also presents the threat of flooding and has been a danger since the earliest times. According to Al-Kurdī, there had been 89 historic floods by 1965, including several in the period. In the last century the most severe one occurred in 1942. Since then, dams have been constructed to ameliorate the problem.

{{Weather box
|location = Mecca
|metric first = 1
|single line = 1
|Jan record high C = 37.8
|Feb record high C = 38.3
|Mar record high C = 42.4
|Apr record high C = 44.7
|May record high C = 49.4
|Jun record high C = 51.4
|Jul record high C = 49.8
|Aug record high C = 49.7
|Sep record high C = 49.4
|Oct record high C = 47.0
|Nov record high C = 41.2
|Dec record high C = 39.4
|Jan high C = 30.5
|Feb high C = 31.7
|Mar high C = 34.9
|Apr high C = 38.7
|May high C = 42.0
|Jun high C = 43.8
|Jul high C = 43.0
|Aug high C = 42.8
|Sep high C = 42.8
|Oct high C = 40.1
|Nov high C = 35.2
|Dec high C = 32.0
|Jan mean C = 24.0
|Feb mean C = 24.7
|Mar mean C = 27.3
|Apr mean C = 31.0
|May mean C = 34.3
|Jun mean C = 35.8
|Jul mean C = 35.9
|Aug mean C = 35.7
|Sep mean C = 35.0
|Oct mean C = 32.2
|Nov mean C = 28.4
|Dec mean C = 25.6
|Jan low C = 18.8
|Feb low C = 19.1
|Mar low C = 21.1
|Apr low C = 24.5
|May low C = 27.6
|Jun low C = 28.6
|Jul low C = 29.1
|Aug low C = 29.5
|Sep low C = 28.9
|Oct low C = 25.9
|Nov low C = 23.0
|Dec low C = 20.3
|Jan record low C = 11.0
|Feb record low C = 10.0
|Mar record low C = 13.0
|Apr record low C = 15.6
|May record low C = 20.3
|Jun record low C = 22.0
|Jul record low C = 23.4
|Aug record low C = 23.4
|Sep record low C = 22.0
|Oct record low C = 18.0
|Nov record low C = 16.4
|Dec record low C = 12.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 20.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 3.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 5.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 10.3
|May precipitation mm = 1.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 1.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 5.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 5.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 14.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 22.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 22.1
|Jan humidity = 58
|Feb humidity = 54
|Mar humidity = 48
|Apr humidity = 43
|May humidity = 36
|Jun humidity = 33
|Jul humidity = 34
|Aug humidity = 39
|Sep humidity = 45
|Oct humidity = 50
|Nov humidity = 58
|Dec humidity = 59
|Jan precipitation days = 4.0
|Feb precipitation days = 0.9
|Mar precipitation days = 1.8
|Apr precipitation days = 1.8
|May precipitation days = 0.7
|Jun precipitation days = 0.0
|Jul precipitation days = 0.3
|Aug precipitation days = 1.5
|Sep precipitation days = 2.0
|Oct precipitation days = 1.9
|Nov precipitation days = 3.9
|Dec precipitation days = 3.6
|Jand sun = 8.4
|Febd sun = 8.7
|Mard sun = 9.1
|Aprd sun = 9.4
|Mayd sun = 9.8
|Jund sun = 10.7
|Juld sun = 10.1
|Augd sun = 9.6
|Sepd sun = 9.4
|Octd sun = 9.7
|Novd sun = 8.8
|Decd sun = 8.0
|Jan percentsun = 76
|Feb percentsun = 80
|Mar percentsun = 76
|Apr percentsun = 72
|May percentsun = 75
|Jun percentsun = 82
|Jul percentsun = 78
|Aug percentsun = 74
|Sep percentsun = 78
|Oct percentsun = 81
|Nov percentsun = 80
|Dec percentsun = 73
|source 1 = Jeddah Regional Climate Center[2]
|source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1986–2000)[3]
}}
Climate data for Mecca
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily daylight hours11.011.012.013.013.013.013.013.012.012.011.011.012.1
Average Ultraviolet index7911+11+11+11+11+11+11+10879.8
Source: Weather Atlas [4]

Factors

Mecca is at an elevation of 277 m above sea level, and approximately 80 km inland from the Red Sea.[1] Flash floods are common during winter season even though the amount of precipitation is low. Since Mecca is located in a desert, dust storms are common in the city.

  • Shamal winds occur in Mecca mostly during summer months, these Shamal winds are very dusty and remain at peak in the morning but decreases at night. These winds also occur in winter but not often.[5]
  • Sandstorms and Dust storms both affect Mecca almost every month but especially during summer months.[6]
  • Westerly winds bring thunderstorms to Mecca during winter and hailstorms sometimes also occur.[7]

Extreme weather events

Since Mecca is located in a low-lying region, it is threatened by seasonal flash floods despite the low amount of annual precipitation. There are less than {{convert|110|mm|in}} of rainfall during the year, mainly falling in the winter months. Temperatures are high throughout the year and in summer it may reach {{convert|45|C|F}}.[8] The following are extreme weather events in Mecca and the surrounding area.

  • In November 2009, Makkah Province was badly affected when record-breaking rainfall of {{convert|90|mm|in}} hit the province causing flash floods all over the province. It was the worst flood in 27 years.[9]
  • In November 2010, a thunderstorm killed 3 people in Makkah city following heavy rainfall. Most of the city remained under flood warning the entire night.[10]
  • In December 2010, once again the city was flooded when light to moderate intensity rainfall battered the holy city, claiming the lives of 4 people. While condition in Makkah Province was also comparable to the provincial capital.[11][12]
  • In January 2011, heavy rainfall created flood like situation in the provinces especially Jeddah where {{convert|111|mm|in}} occurred in just 3 hours killing four people.[13][14]
  • On may 8,2014 rainfall of more than 50mm created flood like situation with extreme lightning .

References

1. ^1 MECCA WEATHER AND TEMPERATURE actual five ten fifteen day ecast
2. ^{{cite web| url = http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Mecca.RTF| title = Climate Data for Saudi Arabia| publisher = Jeddah Regional Climate Center| accessdate = October 29, 2015| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120512182826/http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Mecca.RTF| archivedate = May 12, 2012| df = }}
3. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_410300_kt.pdf| title = Klimatafel von Mekka (al-Makkah) / Saudi-Arabien| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| language = German| accessdate = January 25, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/saudi-arabia/mecca-climate |title=Mecca, Saudi Arabia - Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=16 March 2017 }}
5. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=2cmmgwUJH98C&pg=PA31&vq=shamal&dq=The+Gulf+War+and+the+Environment&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0 The Gulf War and the environment - Google Books]
6. ^Earth Snapshot • dust storm n peninsula march
7. ^Pilgrims rush as hail storm hits Mina valley
8. ^Mecca ( ) :: Climate - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
9. ^Gazette - Flooding kills 12 in Jeddah, Thousands of pilgrims stranded on highway
10. ^Thunderstorm kills three in Mecca
11. ^http://arabnews.com//article226865.ece
12. ^http://arabnews.com//article226856.ece
13. ^http://photoblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/01/27/5934677-heavy-rains-cause-floods-in-jeddah--
14. ^http://arabnews.com//article244126.ece
{{DEFAULTSORT:Climate Of Mecca}}

2 : Climate by city|Geography of Mecca
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