| 词条 | Clinton crazies |
| 释义 |
"Clinton crazies" is a term in American politics of the 1990s and later that refers to intense criticism of United States President Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary Clinton.[1][2][3] The phrase refers to Clinton opponents who, according to Clinton supporters, "systematically ... sought to undermine this president with the goal of bringing down his presidency and running him out of office; and that they have sought non‐electoral means to remove him from office."{{efn|A bibliography identifies the activities and the activists, including "individuals and organizations that have opposed Clinton. The bibliography is divided into five sections: General; 'The conspiracy stream of conspiracy commerce', a White House‐produced 'report' presenting its view of a right‐wing conspiracy against the Clinton presidency; Funding; Conservative organizations; and Publishing/media. Many of the annotations note the links among these key players."{{sfn|Metz|1999}}}} Such intensity of feeling existed throughout the Clinton years, leading commentators to wonder what was at the root of it.[4][5] The term was especially used in reference to people and media outlets that focused on all manner of Clinton scandals and controversies, some of which had substance behind them and some of which did not.[1]{{sfn|Isikoff|1999|p=113}} In particular, there was a tendency towards the holding of conspiracy theories among these people and outlets.[2] CharacterizationsA 1997 New York Times profile said that, "The number of influential Clinton crazies is probably no more than a hundred, but their audience is in the tens of millions."[1] The term was used in an extraordinary report released by the White House Counsel's office, Communication Stream of Conspiracy Commerce, which challenges persons "for spreading vicious reports about Bill Clinton that place him and some of those closest to him in criminal conspiracies."[1] The package, containing hundreds of news clips and Internet postings, purports to show how the Clintons have been tarred by what it calls the "communication stream of conspiracy commerce." Moreover, it alleges "a close connection . . . exists between Republican elected officials and the right wing conspiracy industry."[6] The central concept is that the traditional media are not the driving factor on these issues. "But on a central point the Administration and its enemies are in perfect agreement: because of new forms of communication – talk radio, newsletters, the Internet, mail-order videos – a significant portion of the population has developed an understanding of Bill Clinton as a debased, even criminal politician." The "conspiracy" idea was famously resurrected by Hillary Rodham Clinton in 1998 during the Lewinsky scandal. She said there was a "vast right-wing conspiracy that has been conspiring against my husband since the day he ran for president."[7] A month after her remark, political strategist James Carville referred to the "Clinton crazies" in terms of those who "spare no expense" in attacking President Clinton.[8] A fact that was later reinforced by a former-conservative liberal, David Brock, who opined that the Lewinsky matter caused an alliance of traditional conservative critics with the "Clinton crazies."{{sfn|Brock|2003|page=331}} The term came back into use during the United States presidential election, 2016, when Donald Trump sought to revive the 1990s era controversies.[9] A March 2015 article in The Atlantic, written before Trump entered the race, had previously surmised that the establishment Republican strategy for the 2016 election cycle was to stick to traditional criticisms of the Democrats and to "keep the Clinton crazies muzzled."[10] See also
Notes{{notelist}}ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |first1=Philip |last1=Weiss |authorlink1=Philip Weiss|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/23/magazine/clinton-crazy.html?pagewanted=all |title=THE CLINTON HATERS: Clinton Crazy |date=February 23, 1997 |magazine=The New York Times Magazine |publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=July 23, 2016}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/22/these-clinton-haters-can-t-quit-the-crazy.html|title=These Clinton Haters Can’t Quit the Crazy|first=David|last=Freedlander|date=22 May 2014 |newspaper=The Daily Beast|publisher=}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151394 |agency=Media Matters |title=When Anthony Lewis stood up to the New York Times and the Clinton crazies |date=March 27, 2013|publisher=History News Network}} 4. ^{{cite web |first1=Glenn Harlan |last1=Reynolds |title=Whoever Wins, Chill A Bit |url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/11/04/hate-presidential-election-oped-cx_ghr_1104opedreynolds.html |publisher=Forbes |date=November 4, 2008 |accessdate=January 29, 2008}} 5. ^{{cite web |first1=Kevin |last1=Drum |title=CDS |url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2007_11/012491.php |publisher=The Washington Monthly |date=November 12, 2007 |accessdate=January 29, 2008}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/pjones/stories/pj011097.htm |title=White House Memo Asserts a Scandal Theory |first1=John F. |last1=Harris |first2=Peter |last2=Baker |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 10, 1997 |page=A01 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2014/04/the-clintons-conspiracy-commerce-memo-187092 |title=The Clintons' 'conspiracy commerce' memo |first1=Hadas |last1=Gold |authorlink=Hadas Gold|date=April 18, 2014}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8470852.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911173159/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8470852.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |newspaper=The Boston Globe |location=Boston, MA |title=The Right's Daddy Miorebuck's Billionaire's Cash Fuels Conservative Journalism's Fires |date=February 26, 1998 |first1=Mark |last1=Jurkowitz |via=Highbeam |accessdate=July 27, 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-boehlert/embracing-the-clinton-cra_b_10129482.html|title=Embracing the 'Clinton Crazies,' Trump Becomes AM Talk Radio's Nominee for President|first1=Eric |last1=Boehlert |agency=Media Matters for America|date=25 May 2016 |newspaper=The Huffington Post |publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/03/among-the-hillary-haters/384976/ |title=Among the Hillary Haters |work=The Atlantic |date=March 2015 |accessdate=July 27, 2016}} Bibliography
|last=Brock |first=David |author-link=David Brock |year=2003 |orig-year=2002 |title=Blinded by the Right: The Conscience of an Ex-Conservative |location=New York |publisher=Three Rivers Press |isbn=978-1-4000-4728-4 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Conason |first1=Joe |author1-link=Joe Conason |last2=Lyons |first2=Gene |author2-link=Gene Lyons |year=2001 |title=The Hunting of the President: The Ten-Year Campaign to Destroy Bill and Hillary Clinton |location=New York |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books |isbn=978-0-312-27319-4 |ref=harv }}
|last=Isikoff |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Isikoff |year=1999 |title=Uncovering Clinton: A Reporter's Story |location=New York |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-609-60393-2 |ref=harv }}
|last=Metz |first=Allan |year=1999 |title=Right-Wing Opposition to Bill Clinton and his Presidency: An Annotated Bibliography |journal=Reference Services Review |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=13–61 |doi=10.1108/00907329910260444 |issn=0090-7324 |subscription=yes |ref=harv }} Further reading
|last=Bellant |first= Russ |authorlink=Russ Bellant |year=1991 |title=The Coors Connection: How Coors Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=South End Press |isbn=978-0-89608-417-9 }}{{Portal bar|1990s|Politics|United States}} 3 : Clinton administration controversies|Political terminology of the United States|American conspiracy theorists |
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